Ideas Of Gender Research Articles

Проблема конструирования женского субъекта в творчестве З. Гиппиус в контексте гендерной теории Вейнингера

The paper deals with the issue of interrelation of the feminine and masculine in human nature in the aspect of possibility of constructing of the feminine creative subjectivity in literature and art — one of the key issues in Zinaida Gippius studies. The main principles of her gender theory are formulated by Gippius in the context of critical analysis of the Otto Weininger's book “Gender and character”. The authors analyse the reflection of those principles in Gippius' critical article “Zverebog” and in her other articles on gender and love and some of her poems, establishing the relation of them with Gippius and Merezhkovskiy's religious ideas. The study shows that while Gippius shares with Weininger his concept of bisexuality and androgynity of human nature, she also critically reconsiders the meaning and role of feminine principle as strictly objective (even in the form of divine principle of eternal femininity) and comes to an altogether different understanding: the feminine principle is the basis of feminine subjectivity that is in essence equal to masculine and is ultimately realized in divine nature. The paper addresses several poems to illustrate this point: “She” (1), “She” (2), “Non-existent”, “Eternally feminine”. The authors also dwells upon views of Gippius on Berdiaev and Soloviev's gender ideas as well as her reception of Ibsen's literary heroines.

Five essays on women's art and perception in interwar Austria

The essays translated in this collection are representative of debates and views about women in art in Austria in the 1920s and 1930s. The texts are reviews of exhibitions of work by women artists, as well as discussions of ideas of design and gender by women critics. They also include contemporary reviews of the so-called Elida Prize of 1928, for the 'Most Beautiful Female Portrait.' The texts are accompanied with an Introduction that puts them into context, considering evolving ideas of women as designers and as artists. The Introduction demonstrates that while the focus of most research on gender and culture in the interwar period has been on the rise of the idea of the 'New Woman,' there were other, more conservative ideas of female identity.

Disrupted and Unsettled: An Introduction to Monuments, Memorials, and Italian Migrations

Disrupted and Unsettled: An Introduction to Monuments, Memorials, and Italian Migrations

Suave făpturi, cerbere, blânde mume, diletante agreabile, vivandiere… Femeile în publicațiile periodice ale Serviciului Social, România 1935–1939

Between 1934 and 1939, several hundred voluntary student teams went to Romanian villages to perform “cultural work,” i.e., to help and guide peasants to work more productively and to live healthier lives. In 1938, the Law of the Social Service was passed, stipulating that all university graduates, irrespective of gender and academic specialization, were required to take part in social intervention activities in villages to obtain their diplomas. In this paper, I argue that a new constellation of gender ideas, norms and expectations was drawn up in order to allow for enough room for young middle-class women to be part of student teams that were going to spend a couple of months away from their families and in the unknown settings of the rural areas. Therefore, I explore the discourses used in the main information and propaganda periodical published by the Social Service and I identify and illustrate some strategies and mechanisms employed in the production of the gender model needed for the social and national construction of the new and improved Romanian village.

“Those damned, dirty apes”: Netflix’s The Umbrella Academy and the Evolution of the Ape-Man

Abstract Netflix’s popular science fiction series The Umbrella Academy raises new questions about how the familiar trope of the ape-man has been adapted for a contemporary audience. Tracing the figure of the ape-man through representative works of nineteenth-century science fiction—Jules Verne’s The Mysterious Island, Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, H. G. Wells’s The Island of Dr Moreau, and Edgar Rice Burroughs’s Tarzan of the Apes—shows that the character has often been used to interrogate ideas of race, gender, and power across the Victorian age. More than just a stand-in for nineteenth-century evolutionary debates, the figure of the ape-man reflects cultural ideas about the relationship between humans and their “animal instincts,” constantly questioning what sets humans apart in the hierarchy of animals.

Modernization as a Transition from a “Traditional” to a Postmodern Society

The purpose of the article is to explore the gender aspect of the modernization of Tunisian society from modernism to postmodernism, which defined the cultural concept of the twentieth century. The article conducts a comprehensive study of gender aspects of the modernization of Tunisian society since the beginning of this modernization in 1900 of the XX century. to the beginning of the XXI century; for the first time the periodization of the women's movement in Tunisia in the period of modern history is presented and substantiated; analyzed the history of the impact of political and legal reforms of the Tunisian government on changing the gender situation in society; reflects the specifics of gender ideas and practices of Tunisian society in historical retrospect. The degree of influence of the French colonial regime on the modernization of Tunisian society in a gender context is determined; an analysis of the specifics of gender relations in Islamic society. It is proved that Islamic democracy was presented as a guarantor of the real emancipation of women, provided that she retains the primary status of wife and mother. This principle, due to the socio-cultural traditions of Tunisian society, was in fact basic in gender perceptions and for this period. Biographies of the leaders of the Tunisian movement show that their social self-realization was usually directly ensured by the status of the wife of a politician.

The Discourse of Drama

In this article, we consider how girls are positioned in school by what we have chosen to call the discourse of drama. The widely held notion that Nordic girls have it all along with this drama discourse are seen to be the key narratives that reinforce a hegemonic form of girlhood. This ethnographic study focuses on the relations of students between the ages of 13 and 15 in the light of uninformed school staff-member practices. Our findings suggest that girls, despite living in what is seen to be a country that upholds gender equality, are silenced through this discourse of drama. We suggest that teacher education should lead to the facilitation of a gender-inclusive school environment free of stereotypical ideas of gender as a fixed binary.

Still the Exception? Challenging Ideas of Gender in Norwegian Policing

Abstract This article is an empirical exploration of the role of gender in today’s Norwegian police force. For this study, 21 emergency response officers were interviewed as part of an investigation into the role played by gender in operational police work. This study indicates that changes towards a more gender-equal Norwegian society, combined with general developments within the police at a time when the number of women in the police force has increased considerably, have led to female operational police officers finding that their gender is not a problem. The findings challenge earlier models of theorising and conceptualisation, and point to the need to avoid perpetuating notions that may needlessly limit policewomen’s individual freedom and agency on account of their gender.

Seed: Gendered Vernaculars and Relational Possibilities

AbstractThis contribution to feminist vocabulary provides a genealogy of the term seed. We both work on practices of care and control related to seeds, from seed banking and agricultural development projects to everyday practices of keeping, saving, and tinkering with seeds. As a term, seed evokes gendered ideas about human reproduction that center masculinity and virility, even though the botanical seeds are in fact already‐fertilized embryos. This entry takes up the gendered dimension of seeds (and the elisions it produces) as a lens to interrogate ideas of use, usefulness, and uselessness (Ahmed 2019) in the world of biodiversity banking and plant genetic resources. With examples from seed banking and farming in West Africa, and with inspiration from feminist philosophers and anthropologists Sylvia Wynter, Marilyn Strathern, and Sara Ahmed, this provocation contributes to the vocabularies of feminist anthropology and science studies. Since the stories we tell about the world are filled with metaphor, why not complicate the vernacular understanding and usage of seed to reflect the queer and matrilineal possibilities that we see all around us, instead of the potent patrilineality that remains as a vestigial reminder of the values we would rather leave behind?

ПРО СПЕЦИФІКУ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦІЙ МАСКУЛІННИХ ОБРАЗІВ У ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНИХ ПРОГРАМАХ: ЧИ МОЖЛИВА ГЕНДЕРНА РІВНІСТЬ?

The reflection of gender roles and stereotypes in mass culture has significant and far-reaching consequences for any society. Nowadays, mass culture is one of the main agents of socialization, which provides people with a certain set of norms and values. It plays an important role in the development and reproduction of gender norms and gender subjects, as far as socially constructed ideas of gender are reinforced by the dominant narratives. Deeply rooted in the traditional culture, gender models express themselves through mass culture. The support and television broadcasting of the model of hegemonic masculinity and the devaluation of femininity contributes to the internalization of these ideas by consumers of mass culture. This leads to the negative consequences both for the consumers and society perpetuating gender stereotypes and gender inequality, which is a huge loss of human potential for both women and men, and prevents them from creating their own projects for the future, from forming effective patterns of behavior that are in line with the contemporary level of social development. The article aims at studying the specifics of masculine representations on television.

Diverse ELT reading materials: Cross mapping gender ideas of respective readers

Textbooks including other academic factors play a crucial role in the gender construction process as highlighted by various researchers. However, there is less research to delve into the process. The present study is an attempt to explore the gender conceptions carried by the readers of two diverse varieties of English Language Teaching (ELT) materials produced by local and foreign publishers, in Pakistani academic settings. For the said purpose, a mixed-method research method has been used; whereas, the instruments of the study are a semantic differential score list and a semi open-ended interview. The population of the study is comprised of two groups of students at the elementary level from two different types of Pakistan schooling system i.e. Government sector and private sector, as they are using different types of ELT material. The results of the study reveal that students exposed to these two varieties of materials have a difference in their gender conceptions. There is an observable difference in the way readers of each set of books relate different attributes to each gender group. Further, the participants of the interview also agree that characters in the textbooks are more often relatable and acceptable for them in real life. The research to some extent agrees that gender ideas provided to young minds in their textbooks contribute to their psychological construction of gender along with other instruments; however, more research is still needed. Finally, it is suggested that the revision of textbooks concerning offered stereotypical gender ideologies can help to reduce gender disparity, to some extent.

“The whole point is that we're not supposed to look like anything”: non-binary (un)intelligibility and carving out space in gender's border-zones

Non-binary people exist in a world in which the conditions for their existence are foreclosed by the dominant cultural frames, a world in which the human can only be understood through membership of one of the two binary gender categories of male and female. This article explores the ways that non-binary participants articulated their experiences of non-binary gender identification through Butler’s concept of (un)intelligibility and Hale’s idea of gender’s border-zones. The participants exist within the discursive frame in which adhering to the binary gender system is a necessary condition for a liveable life. This article explores how those non-binary people who live within gender’s border-zones are forced to develop new discursive tools to carve out space for their inclusion within the realm of the intelligible. Drawing on interviews conducted with self-identified non-binary participants, this article explores the way that participants negotiated their non-binary gender, by exploring the ways they are both included and excluded from discursive spaces due to their non-binary gender. This article explores the way that gender unintelligibility opens up space for the multiplicities, contradictions, and ambiguities of non-binary experience, as well as how this same unintelligibility renders non-binary people vulnerable to violence. The violence articulated by the participants was specifically to do with their experiences of erasure—being included into the existing binary gender categories that do not adequately describe their experience—and physical or verbal abuse due to their exclusion from the binary gender system. This article argues that non-binary can be understood as a distinct gender category that has permeable borders, and that inclusion in this category through self-identification has material consequences for non-binary people.

Frankenstein Redux

Frankenstein Redux

Creative Thinking dalam Manajemen Seni Dangdut Kontemporer Grup “Pasukan Perang”

This paper examines the management of a music group ‘Pasukan Perang’, the Dangdut Orchestra band, in Bandung city. The goal is to reveal the management process in breaking down the music industry in Indonesia and the world in general. Alfred Schutz's phenomenological theory is applied to provide the overview of art management based on creative thinking and work structure innovation to measure the achievement of success. The data were collected through conducting in-depth interviews; reflecting thoughts to seek meaning and a frame of reference for symptoms; constructing the meaning and essence. The results of the analysis show that the Dangdut Music group “Pasukan Perang” is a prism to view Indonesian society. Its existence reflects the state of national culture in economic, political, and ideological practices. It contributes to shape ideas of class, gender, and ethnicity in the modern era. “Pasukan Perang” touches various musical genres so that it becomes a Contemporary Dangdut Icon nicknamed the Loving Band Group. Keywords: creative thinking, contemporary dangdut, war troops, art management

PRINCIPALES EJES DE ESTUDIO DE LA CUECA CHILENA: UNA ACTUALIZACIÓN

This paper analyzes the concepts of origin, ethnicity, nation, imaginary and gender in the discursive canon (Spencer 2009) of the Chilean cueca. My main goal is to show how these concepts introduce analytical categories that are not only present in the most important texts on gender, but also help to construct it. On the other hand, I wish to note the growth of the ideas of imaginary and gender. I use the idea of discursive canon to the case of the cueca, separating texts according to their approach. I also analyze the implied content of some of the aforementioned categories (authenticity, miscegenation, nationalism) and how they have contributed to essentialize the idea of cueca as a unitary and unalterable genre. I base my analysis on the concepts of textual category (Castelo Branco 2008) and on the difference between history as discourse (narration) and history as knowledge (Chartier 2007).

About the Cover Image

This image, Challenging Masculine Constructs by Oliver, is part of a photovoice project (see the article by Phillip Joy, Matthew Numer, Sara F. L. Kirk, and Megan Aston, Embracing a New Day: Exploring the Connections of Culture, Masculinities, Bodies, and Health for Gay Men through Photovoice, this issue) that explored the way culture and society shape the beliefs, values, and practices about food and bodies for gay men. Taken by the participant, this image is his way to challenge what he believes are limiting gender ideas for men and how masculine bodies should be dressed and presented to others. He disrupts these social constructs by dressing and presenting his body in ways he believed moved beyond typical masculine notions and by doing so reveals alternative gender expressions and new possibilities of living.

The gendered reflections of stayers in China’s migrant sending villages

This article draws on my interviews with middle-aged stayers in rural China's eastern interior in the early to mid-2010s to explore interactions between gender and non-migration. I use the concept of ‘spatial reflexivity’ – individuals' reflections on their potential for (im)mobility – to examine how different stayers' reflections about their non-migration were affected by both wider mobility imperatives and by attachments to family, each of which is gendered. I find that my respondents' spatial reflexivity was inseparable from their perception of their villages as home fort, stepping-stone or sanctuary, with these perceptions partly reflective of their households' non/involvement in migration and economic conditions. At the same time, stayers' views of their villages interacted with context-specific gendered ideas about space, obligation and competence, to affect what staying meant to them. This article concludes that even as staying in China's rural interior was an actively worked out process, individuals' spatial reflexivity was mediated and constrained by multi-scalar inequalities, which were in turn naturalized by a pervasive gendered moral geography.

Narratives of Trans people in the workplace: Possibilities for subverting the Heterosexual matrix

The article is inspired by the use of the term subversion in Chambers and Carver’s comments of Judy Butler’s work and it aims to explore the possibility of subversion of gender matrix by some trans people in the workplace. The article grounds its argument in queer theory and in the notions of gender performativity, hetero gender matrix and heteronormativity and analysis qualitative material generated through conversations with trans people working in Italy. Drawing on insights from Judith Butler’s writing on gender we present, analyze and discuss three employees’ cases (Alessandra, Gabriel and Lucia) to grasp how they construct (un)intelligible subject positions which potentially subvert disciplinary powerful and normative idea of gender. In the analysis we focus on how these trans people –through their narratives, their body, their actions, their practices…– within their heteronormative workplace contexts potentially subvert gender and heterosexual matrix. We highlight three possible ways of subversion – subversion through wondrous; subversion through incoherence; subversion through betray. In the conclusion we connect the idea of potential subversion with the concept of unheimlich which can open up site/sights in organization/organizing processes.

“Those Are Typical Tell-Tale Signs of a Lesbian”: LGBQ Young Peoples’ Perceptions of Parental Messaging Surrounding Gender Non-Conforming Behavior

Socialization surrounding gender and sexuality is prominent within the familial context. Gender and sexuality are frequently linked with the assumption that gender-expansive behavior leads to nonheterosexuality. Research has largely focused on parental perspectives, leaving queer youth experiences largely invisible. Utilizing semistructured interviews with 10 queer young adults, this project contributes to the existing discussions regarding gender and sexuality socialization while growing up. First, participants described parents’ seemingly natural ability to correctly categorize youth’s sexual orientation, which is often linked to gender nonconforming behavior. Participants reinforced essentialized ideas of gender and sexuality through their discussion of engagement in expansive gender behavior. Furthermore, women discussed more freedom to engage in diverse gender behavior, while being expected to conform to traditional gender roles. Through elevating youth’s viewpoints on gender and sexuality family dynamics, these findings can assist service providers and parents in supporting queer youth across their gender and sexual development.

Susan: Wha's Like Her?

Susan: Wha's Like Her?