Gender Differences In Coping Strategies Research Articles

Addressing Environmental Factors for SDG 3-Health and Wellbeing: Perceived Stress, Sleep Quality, and Coping among Medical Students in Pakistan

The objective of this study was to investigate the interplay between perceived stress, sleep quality, and coping mechanisms among medical students, with a view to understand their implications for Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) - "Good Health and Well-being," and considering environmental factors. Conducted as a cross-sectional study and 300 medical university students (152 men, 148 women), aged 18 to 25 years (mean age = 22.73, SD = 1.78), were selected using stratified random sampling based on their academic year. The study employed the Perceived Stress Scale, General Sleep Scale, and Brief COPE to assess the study variables. The results revealed gender differences in coping strategies, with female students exhibiting higher scores in avoidant and emotion-focused coping, while male students leaned towards problem-focused coping. Notably, perceived stress and avoidant coping emerged as significant predictors of poor sleep quality (p<.05) among the participants. This study found significant relationship among use of green spaces, stress, sleep quality, and coping strategies among medical students, aligning with SDG 3's objective of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all. Furthermore, while the study did not directly address environmental factors, it indirectly emphasizes the importance of creating conducive environments for health and well-being. Environmental considerations such as access to green spaces and a healthy physical environment can influence individuals' stress levels and sleep quality, contributing to holistic health outcomes. Given these findings, the study recommends that counseling centers in universities develop strategies for managing students' stress and sleep quality, while promoting healthy coping skills. By addressing these factors comprehensively, universities can contribute to enhancing students' psychological well-being and advancing progress towards SDG 3 and create sustainable and healthy environments, as outlined in SDG 13 (Climate Action), to complement initiatives focused on fostering sustainable environments conducive to health and well-being.

A community-based cross-sectional study on stressors and gender differences in coping strategies among primary caregivers of cardiovascular disease in the capital city of India, New Delhi

Apart from the impact on mortality rates, CVDs often present as chronic conditions, adding to the stress of caregiving to their caregivers. Males and females cope differently with the stressors in general. In this study, we aim to investigate the gender-based variations in coping strategies among primary caregivers of individuals with CVD.: A sample size of 384 households was selected using systematic random sampling for the study and household was the primary sampling unit. The information was collected regarding the stressors and various coping strategies utilized by primary caregivers to navigate different stressors. Out of the total 384 caregivers, stressors were found in 347 caregivers who were then studied for coping strategies. Among primary caregivers, the proportion of women (58%) was more than men (42%)Planful problem-solving (85.9%) was found to be the most commonly preferred coping strategy among both genders, with no significant association. Among other problem-oriented coping strategies, men caregivers reported using confrontive coping more frequently. While assessing emotion-focused coping strategies, Accepting responsibility (77.5%), Self-controlling (68.9%), Positive appraisal strategy (61.4%) and Distancing (36.3%) were found more likely to be adopted by women. Seeking social support (69%), both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies were found more among women caregivers.By implementing gender-sensitive approaches, we can better support caregivers and help them navigate the challenges of caregiving for individuals with cardiovascular diseases.

Study on stressors and gender differences in coping strategies among primary caregivers of cardiovascular disease

Study on stressors and gender differences in coping strategies among primary caregivers of cardiovascular disease

Gender Differences in Coping Strategies of Elite Athletes During Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has been recognised as a strong, uncontrollable stressor, increasing the risk of developing mental health problems. Elite athletes are a population at heightened risk of developing mental health problems, therefore identifying effective coping strategies is crucial. There is limited research exploring coping strategies employed by male and female athletes during the Covid-19 pandemic. Seventy athletes (67 per cent female) took part in an online survey containing closed and open-ended questions exploring changes to wellbeing and coping strategies employed during the Covid-19 pandemic. Three key themes were generated: Adaptation is the key to survival; Walk, sleep, rest, repeat; and Support seeking. Both genders used adaptive strategies, social support, and distraction strategies comparably. Female athletes used mindfulness practice techniques more than males. Such gender differences may offer coaches/sports psychologists useful information to tailor their provision of support for athletes and maximise coping ability.

A Systematic Review of Black People Coping With Racism: Approaches, Analysis, and Empowerment

This article reviews the current research literature concerning Black people in Western societies to better understand how they regulate their emotions when coping with racism, which coping strategies they use, and which strategies are functional for well-being. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, and 26 studies were identified on the basis of a comprehensive search of multiple databases and reference sections of relevant articles. Studies were quantitative and qualitative, and all articles located were from the United States or Canada. Findings demonstrate that Black people tend to cope with racism through social support (friends, family, support groups), religion (prayer, church, spirituality), avoidance (attempting to avoid stressors), and problem-focused coping (confronting the situation directly). Findings suggest gender differences in coping strategies. We also explore the relationship between coping with physical versus emotional pain and contrast functional versus dysfunctional coping approaches, underscoring the importance of encouraging personal empowerment to promote psychological well-being. Findings may help inform mental-health interventions. Limitations include the high number of American-based samples and exclusion of other Black ethnic and national groups, which is an important area for further exploration.

Gender differences in coping strategies (ego defense mechanisms) among professional and non- professional degree courses of students

Efforts have taken by an individual to reduce stress is coping. Ego defense mechanism play a very important role in our day to day life. The purpose of present study was to assess the coping strategies (Ego defense mechanism) on the basis of Gender (Male and Female) among professional and non professional degree courses of students. The present study deals with assessing the level of coping among 400 students in Aurangabad city. The Defense Mechanism Inventory (DMI) by Dr. N. R. Mrinal and Dr. (Mrs) Uma Mrinal (1971). Data were analysed by using mean, standard deviation an 'f' test. The result revealed that the male students and the female students differ significantly in coping strategies. There is no significant difference between Professional and Non professional degree courses by students with respect to coping styles. There is significant interaction effects on Gender (Male and Female) and courses (Professional, (LL.B, B.E., B.Ed.) and Non professional degree (B.A., B.Com., B.Sc.) Courses of Students) with respect to coping.

Relationship between Coping Strategies and Sport Performance among Uitm Seremban 3 Athletes

Coping strategies are essential for athletes that have stress problems. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the athletes cannot go out to training, so some of them will feel stressed, which can decrease their performance. Coping strategies can help them cope with their stress, which can help them improve their performance. The link between coping strategies and sports performance in UiTM Seremban 3 athletes was examined using a quantitative method. A total of 210 athletes' data were recorded and gathered at UiTM Seremban 3, including 112 males and 98 females representing three faculties. Descriptive Analysis and Pearson Correlation Analysis have been used in determining the relationship between coping strategies and sports performance variables. The questionnaire consists of three sections: section A is the demographic profile, section B is athlete coping skill inventory (ACSI-28), and section C is the psychological performance inventory. The result shows a significant relationship between coping strategies and sports performance. An online survey was doing this research. It is hoped that future research will be done physically so that the researcher can get accurate data from the respondents since they will be able to explain things to them physically. Furthermore, the next researcher could conduct a similar study on gender differences in coping strategies and sports performance.

Coping with Stress and Burnout in the Physical Education Teaching Profession

The article describes a study of coping strategies of Physical Education (PE) teachers and their role in the process of burning out. It highlights the role of gender differences in coping strategies.
 Female PE teachers apply mostly coping strategies like Fighting, Social support, wishful thinking, alleviation of outcomes, and Assuming responsibility, actions following the plan. They use the least likely Distancing.
 Male PE teachers frequently use the strategies Concentration on the task, actions following the plan, and Fighting. Successively, they use Accepting responsibility, and the least likely Reduction of tension.
 Some strategies derived in the research effectively cope with burnout in the PE teaching occupation and others are ineffective and may even lead to a depersonalized treatment of students.

Coping of Young Refugees in Germany

Abstract. Background: Coping is considered to have an important influence on well-being, especially in adolescent refugees dealing with a high amount of stress. In addition, gender differences in coping are a common topic for research and are often attributed to differences in socialization between boys and girls. Aims: The study aims at clarifying the gender differences in coping strategies used by non-Western adolescents. Additionally, associations with aspects of socialization, in particular Gender Role Attitudes (GRA), on gender differences are investigated. Method: Refugees from Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan ( N = 106, 55% male) aged 11–18 years completed questionnaires in schools or housing facilities. Associations between gender, GRA, coping strategies, and well-being were investigated using moderation and regression analyses. Results: Gender differences found in previous literature could, in part be replicated. Refugee girls reported more anger-related emotion regulation than boys did. However, GRA did not show any connections to coping strategies. Limitations: Most limitations result from low reliabilities and possible biases due to the use of self-reports. Conclusion: The more frequent use of anger-related emotion regulation as the only gender difference replicated in this study highlights the importance of research with refugee samples to prevent over-generalization of previous results from Western cultures.

Differences in Coping Strategies Between Women and Men Based on Experience of Frequent Pain/Headaches in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To identify gender differences in coping strategies by experience of pain/headaches in chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional study. <h3>Setting</h3> Community. <h3>Participants</h3> n=133 adults with chronic mild-severe TBI (M=7.5 years post-injury). <h3>Interventions</h3> N/A. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool (BAST) coping items: two adaptive (asking someone I trust for help, going for a walk/exercising) and four avoidant (bought things I didn't need, took my emotions out on other people, unable to make decisions, went to sleep) rated on a 1=never to 5=very often ordinal scale. <h3>Results</h3> Two-thirds of women (52/78), 45% of men (23/54), and one individual (100%) identifying as transgender reported experiencing frequent pain/headaches. Almost all participants (n=130, 97.7%) felt stressed over the past two weeks. When stressed, men without pain (n=31) exercised/walked (M=3.14, SD=1.6) more often than men with pain (M=2.39, SD=1.03, p=.024) and women without pain (M=2.46, SD=1.25, p=.037). Women with pain engaged more frequently in maladaptive coping strategies (M=2.58-3.17) than women without pain (M=2.08-2.71). Women with pain bought things they did not need more often than all others (p's=.019- < .001) and went to sleep significantly more often than men with pain (p=.029) and women without pain (p=.003). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Individuals with chronic TBI frequently report feeling stressed, and many - particularly women - report experiencing frequent pain/headaches. Women experiencing pain/headaches after TBI engage in maladaptive coping more often than women without pain/headaches or men regardless of pain experience. However, they also walk/exercise to manage stress more than women without pain or men with pain, suggesting that women experiencing pain/headaches after chronic TBI may use more coping strategies - including both adaptive and maladaptive strategies - overall to manage their stress. Providers should emphasize the benefits of physical activity and social support after TBI. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> This work was supported by funding from the National Institutes for Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NIH/NICHD). Grant #: R03HD09445 (PI: Juengst).

Gender differences in response to family crisis: changes in household composition and migration of widowed parents with minor children in the Netherlands, 1863–1910

ABSTRACTThis article examines parental coping strategies in response to the death of a partner in the Netherlands in the period 1863–1910. The author concentrates on two largely neglected strategies in particular: separation of widowed parent and minor child and the outmigration of the entire household to another municipality. The rich population register data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands is exploited which contains the life trajectories of more than 2800 half-orphaned children. The results derived from sequence analysis and event-history analysis reveal a high degree of family stability following the partner’s death but point to gender differences in coping strategies: Whereas widowers were more likely to split up with their young children, widows were more likely to migrate together with them. These gender differences can be explained by the fundamentally different positions of men and women concerning childcare, work and poor relief in Dutch society during the period under consideration. Additionally, no significant differences between nuclear and non-nuclear households were found with regard to parental separation from minor children. This finding challenges the nuclear hardship hypothesis which predicts that non-nuclear family systems are better able to cope with family crises.

Profiles of Psychological Well-being and Coping Strategies among University Students.

In the transactional model of stress, coping responses are the key to preventing the stress response. In this study, the possible role of psychological well-being as a personal determinant of coping strategies in the academic context was analyzed. Specifically, the study has two objectives: (a) to identify different profiles of students according to their level of psychological well-being; and (b) to analyze the differences between these profiles in the use of three coping strategies (positive reappraisal, support-seeking, and planning). Age, gender, and degree were estimated as covariables. A total of 1,072 university students participated in the study. Latent profile analysis was applied to four indices of psychological well-being: self-acceptance, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. An optimal four-profile solution, reflecting significant incremental shifts from low to very high psychological well-being, was obtained. As predicted, the profile membership distinguished between participants in positive reappraisal, support-seeking, and planning. Importantly, the higher the profile of psychological well-being was, the higher the use of the three coping strategies. Gender differences in coping strategies were observed, but no interaction effects with psychological well-being were found. Age and degree were not relevant in explaining the use of coping strategies. These results suggest that psychological well-being stands as an important personal resource to favor adaptive coping strategies for academic stress.

The Relation of Sleep, Distress, and Coping Strategies—What Male and Female Students Can Learn from Each Other?

Sleep quality, distress, and coping strategies differ between male and female students. However, effects of gender on their relation have not been evaluated. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to confirm gender differences on sleep quality, chronic distress, and various coping strategies, as well as to examine gender differences in their relation to each other. A cross-sectional online study including several sleep-related self-report measures was completed by 6379 German students. After excluding all cases with missing data on the variables gender, psychiatric disorder, and medication, the final sample consisted of 5889 students with a mean age of 23.10 years (SD = 2.67) for men and 22.64 years (SD = 2.56) for women. Data from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress, and the Proactive Coping Inventory were analyzed. Results showed that women reported to have a poorer sleep quality, a higher level of chronic distress, and use social support more often than men. The hypothesized model revealed gender differences on the model level. However, these differences only occurred between avoidance coping and distress, as well as between various coping strategies. The biological gender influenced each of those three variables, but barely their relation to each other. Participants’ gender role might explain gender differences in coping strategies and their impact on distress. Furthermore, the type of stressor and subjective or objective measured sleep parameters might show more gender differences on this relation. Conclusively, gender-specific trainings or interventions are not necessary, however, gender differences should be considered during the implementation process.

Gender, coping strategies, homelessness stressors, and income generation among homeless young adults in three cities

This study examined gender differences among homeless young adults' coping strategies and homelessness stressors as they relate to legal (e.g., full-time employment, selling personal possessions, selling blood/plasma) and illegal economic activity (e.g., selling drugs, theft, prostitution). A sample of 601 homeless young adults was recruited from 3 cities (Los Angeles, CA [n = 200], Austin, TX [n = 200], and Denver, CO [n = 201]) to participate in semi-structured interviews from March 2010 to July 2011. Risk and resilience correlates of legal and illegal economic activity were analyzed using six Ordinary Least Squares regression models with the full sample and with the female and male sub-samples. In the full sample, three variables (i.e., avoidant coping, problem-focused coping, and mania) were associated with legal income generation whereas eight variables (i.e., social coping, age, arrest history, transience, peer substance use, antisocial personality disorder [ASPD], substance use disorder [SUD], and major depressive episode [MDE]) were associated with illegal economic activity. In the female sub-sample, three variables (i.e., problem-focused coping, race/ethnicity, and transience) were correlated with legal income generation whereas six variables (i.e., problem-focused coping, social coping, age, arrest history, peer substance use, and ASPD) were correlated with illegal economic activity. Among males, the model depicting legal income generation was not significant yet seven variables (i.e., social coping, age, transience, peer substance use, ASPD, SUD, and MDE) were associated with illegal economic activity. Understanding gender differences in coping strategies and economic activity might help customize interventions aimed at safe and legal income generation for this population.

Cultural and gender differences in coping strategies between Caucasian American and Korean American older people.

Coping strategies have significant effects on older people's health. This study examined whether gender and ethnic differences influence the coping strategies chosen by older adults when they encounter daily life stressors. Data were collected from 444 community-dwelling people over the age of 65, including 238 Caucasian Americans and 206 Korean Americans. Results showed significant differences between the two groups. Korean Americans had higher scores on problem and emotion-focused coping strategies as well as avoidant coping strategies than Caucasian Americans. Caucasian older women employed more active coping, planning, and positive reframing skills; relied more on religion; and sought emotional support more than Caucasian men. For Korean Americans, older women utilized religion and denial; whereas older men employed instrumental support and substance abuse. The results suggest that practitioners should develop ethnic, gender-specific programs to help older adults cope more effectively with their daily life stressors.

Managing stress: the influence of gender, age and emotion regulation on coping among university students in Botswana

This study focused on the influence of gender, age and emotion regulation on coping strategies among university students in Botswana. Sixty-four males and 64 females, ranging in age from 18 to 29 years completed the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Coping Strategy Inventory. Female students used wishful thinking and problem-focused disengagement more than male students; however, there were no other significant gender differences in coping strategies. Older students were more likely to use problem-solving, cognitive restructuring and express emotion coping strategies. In addition, problems in emotion regulation significantly predicted problem- and emotion-focused engagement, problem- and emotion-focused disengagement and coping strategies. There was a unique finding that non-acceptance of emotional responses, a type of emotion suppression, was positively correlated with problem solving, cognitive restructuring, expressing emotion, social support, problem avoidance and wishful thinking coping strategies. Cultural context and implications for student well-being and university support are discussed.

Gender Differences in Coping Strategies for Troublesome Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Prior to Seeking Treatment

Objective: This study tried to explore gender differences in Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and disparities in adaptation strategies used to cope with LUTS. Materials and Methods: From July 2013 to December 2013, 184 consecutive patients who came to a tertiary center seeking medical treatment for LUTS including stress urinary incontinence (SUI), overactive bladder (OAB), and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) were recruited in this study. OABSS, IPSS and UDI-6 were used to evaluate severities of these symptoms and IIQ-7 was used to measure the impact of these three symptoms on the quality of life. Patients’ coping strategies were also compared to evaluate gender differences. Results: In total, 184 patients (81 men and 103 women) were recruited into this study. The LUTS between genders were significant. Women had significantly more SUI and MUI than that of men, but men had significantly more OAB. The LUTS in men seemed to have less impact on quality of life than in women. Preventive toileting use before going out, restricting fluid intake, or seeking treatment at primary care clinics were adaptive strategies used by both genders. However, one-third of the women used incontinence pads or performed pelvic floor exercises to prevent urine leakage and nearly one-fourth of the women avoided contact with cold water or performed urge strategies to control the urge to void. Conclusions: Gender differences in LUTS are significant. Similar LUTS also result in different impact on men and women. Women used more coping strategies than men to handle their bothersome LUTS.

Gender differences in bladder control: from babies to elderly

In both sexes, there are anatomical and behavioral differences in dealing with bladder control, as well as voiding and incontinence. Despite intensive research within the last decades, the differences in physiology and pathophysiology as well as gender differences of bladder control and continence are still poorly understood and further research is highly needed. In babies, gender difference seems to be most likely caused by a difference in maturity rate of the bladder. After gaining bladder control, behavior starts to be influenced by socialization. During preschool and school, children experience a negative perception of school toilets. Especially girls crouch over the toilet seat and train to empty the bladder without relaxation of the pelvic floor. This posture may lead to bladder dysfunction. Often adult women continue this bad habit and bladder dysfunction may consolidate. From the fourth decade in both sexes lower urinary tract symptoms start to develop. However, men and women handle the problem variedly showing gender differences in coping strategies with better coping mechanisms in women. In general, gender difference in help seeking and receiving treatment increases with younger age. In elderly, urinary incontinence is only associated with a higher mortality in men, and elderly men seek more often professional help. Aim of the review is to provide an insight into gender differences of bladder control and bladder dysfunction.

Coping Strategies With Minor Stressors in Adolescence: Relationships With Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and Psychological Well-Being

This study examined age and gender differences in coping strategies used by adolescents (N = 342; age = 14–19 years) in dealing with everyday minor stressors. Relationships with coping resources (self-efficacy, social support) and the impact of coping on psychological well-being were assessed. Coping strategies were measured using the Coping Across Situations Questionnaire (CASQ; Seiffge-Krenke, 1995). Results showed that adolescents’ coping strategies differed according to problem domain. The most frequently used strategies were active and internally focused. Females used a wider range of coping strategies than did males. Significant correlations were found among coping strategies and coping resources. Moreover, the adoption of some strategies significantly affected adolescents’ psychological well-being. jasp_726 559..578

Stress‐coping strategies of patients with gender identity disorder

Previous research has not addressed gender differences in coping strategies among patients with gender identity disorder (GID). Nor has the relationship of coping strategies to other demographic characteristics ever been clarified in GID. In this study, we tried to clarify the relationship between stress-coping strategies and demographic characteristics among patients with GID. The coping strategies of 344 patients with GID [227 female-to-male (FTM) and 117 male-to-female (MTF)] were assessed using the Japanese version of the Ways of Coping Questionnaires, Lazarus Stress-coping Inventory. Comparison of the stress-coping inventory between MTF and FTM GID patients revealed that FTM GID patients were significantly more reliant on positive reappraisal strategies in stressful situations than MTF GID patients (P = 0.007). The difference in the usage of positive reappraisal strategies between MTF and FTM type GID patients was not explained by other demographic characteristics, and we suppose that the gender difference in GID patients might influence the usage of positive reappraisal strategies. The ratio of FTM GID patients might be higher at our center because MTF GID patients can obtain vaginoplasty easily, whereas phalloplasty surgery for FTM GID patients is performed at only a few centers, including our clinic, in Japan. As a result, more FTM GID patients come to our clinic with a clear intention to undergo sexual rearrangement surgery, which might influence the gender difference in using positive reappraisal.