Gender In Context Research Articles

Gender and healthcare leadership: Addressing critical knowledge gaps by explicitly considering the gendered concept of care.

This scoping review of gender and healthcare leadership synthesized the barriers and facilitators at multiple levels employing a framework that integrates a specific focus on the concept of care. The 71 sources identified focus predominantly on barriers to women's leadership at the individual and team level and, to a lesser extent, at the organizational and system level. Facilitators tend to be presented as recommended actions than evaluated interventions. Healthcare leadership tends to ignore the gendered context of care elevating leaders who are least likely to provide such care. Where personal caregiving circumstances are considered, they are individualized, reflecting the literature in general. More critical analysis is needed to focus on women's experiences and how their gender can predetermine their success in achieving and being in leadership positions. Healthcare leadership researchers are encouraged to include gender and care-focused analyses and interventions to address the under-representation of women in healthcare leadership.

A Critical Examination of Lucrece’s Chastity: Analyzing the Interplay of Love and Moral Justification in The Rape of Lucrece

This research paper examines the complex motivations behind Lucrece’s tragic decision to commit suicide in Shakespeare’s The Rape of Lucrece, following her violation by Tarquin. Lucrece, a character defined by her beauty and chastity, confronts the devastating loss of her chastity after the assault, leading her to perceive suicide as the only means to reclaim her honor by destroying her beauty. The paper explores the intricate interplay between love, guilt, and identity in Lucrece’s experience. Love is portrayed as a multifaceted emotion, where some perceive it as their entire existence, while others see it merely as a facet of life or a precursor to sexual desire. Additionally, love can evoke strong emotional attachments, complicating the concept of agency in Lucrece’s tragic circumstances. This study argues that Lucrece’s actions stem not only from her emotional turmoil but also from societal expectations regarding female honor. Ultimately, it seeks to uncover the nuances behind her decision, questioning whether her guilt and desire for honor led her to invite Tarquin’s advances subconsciously, thereby examining the extremities of her commitment to preserving her chastity and the implications of her suicide within the broader context of gender and honor.

Poziom akceptacji dla feminatywów wśród osób studiujących i pracujących na UAM. Kontekst płci i statusu na uczelni

The purpose of the project was to investigate the level of acceptance of feminine forms of job titles (feminitives) in the academic community of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (The context of gender and university status). The survey was conducted using the Qualtrix platform. The names of professions were selected from the alphabetical index of professions and specialties (2014). Ultimately, 102 occupation names and 11 function names were used in the survey. The respondents were told to define their own level of acceptance of each feminine form on a six-point scale from 0 to 5. The research group consisted of full-time students and academic staff (364 people) working at Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.

Scientific knowledge in the 21st century on social and economic factors that influence mortality due to tuberculosis: A bibliometric review

This research presents a bibliometric review of scientific production on the social and economic factors that influence mortality from tuberculosis between the years 2000 and 2024. The analysis covered 1742 documents from 848 sources, revealing an annual growth of 6% in scientific production with a notable increase starting in 2010, reaching a peak in 2021. This increase reflects growing concern about socioeconomic inequalities affecting tuberculosis mortality, exacerbated in part by the COVID-19 pandemic. The main authors identified in the study include Naghavi, Basu and Hay, whose works have had a significant impact on the field. The most prominent journals in the dissemination of this research are Plos One, International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and The Lancet. The countries with the greatest scientific production include the United States, the United Kingdom, India and South Africa, highlighting a strong international contribution and a global approach to the problem. The semantic development of the research shows a concentration on terms such as “mortality rate”, “risk factors” and “public health”, with a thematic map highlighting driving themes such as “socioeconomic factors” and “developing countries”. The theoretical evolution reflects a growing interest in economic and social aspects to gender contexts and associated diseases. This study provides a comprehensive view of current scientific knowledge, identifying key trends and emerging areas for future research.

The personalization of smartphone use by mothers from low-class family in Palembang

The societal impact of technological advancements is profound, leading to significant transformations in the way people live. However, a significant proportion of the population continue to be marginalized and excluded. This study aims to examine the complex dynamics that shape the adoption and integration of technology into the daily lives of mothers from low class families. It also investigates how these mothers overcome challenges and leverage the opportunities presented by smartphones to benefit their lives. This study employs a constructivist paradigm and utilizes phenomenological approaches using social construction of technology framework. The data collection was done through in-depth interviews with 10 mothers in Palembang City who met the specified requirements for informants. This study shows that the social and economic factors are the primary factors behind technology appropriation process of mothers from low-class families. They strategically manage their use of mobile technology to meet the unique and particular demands of each home. The results of this study demonstrate that technology is not merely a functional instrument; it is also an entity that is embedded with social and cultural significance, making it inextricably linked to the social dynamics and gender context.

Tracing gender variation in traditional knowledge: participatory tools to promote conservation in a Quilombola community in Brazil

BackgroundBased on participatory research tools and analysis with a gender focus, we aim to identify the knowledge associated with native plants of the Atlantic Forest in one Quilombola community whose territory is juxtaposed with a protected area, in South Brazil.MethodsThrough the perception of the residents of the Quilombola community of São Roque, we classified the availability, harvesting intensity, abundance, and importance of fourteen plants native to the Atlantic Forest found in their territory. These fourteen plants were selected after initial interviews with a free listing of plants done with all adults (44 people), followed by plant collection and identification. A participatory workshop was built with the community to collect data through three activities: four-cell tool, environment matrix, and importance matrix. To identify the gender nuances in the knowledge within this community, all activities were separated into two groups based on the gender of the 22 participants (9 women and 13 men) and the researchers.ResultsThe species Pau-pra-tudo (Picrasma crenata), Quina (Coutarea hexandra), and Cipó-milome (Aristolochia triangularis) were similarly classified as important by both groups, which indicates the cultural and environmental relevance associated with them regardless of gender. The perceptions of other species were expressed differently between the groups, showing the variance of the ecological knowledge and the relationship between the sociocultural contexts of gender and the knowledge manifested. The final part of the workshop was a lecture given by two community experts about herbal medicines based on forest species found in the territory.ConclusionsBased on the multiple forms of results recorded in the workshop, we discuss the demand for inclusion of the traditional community in land management plans of environmental agencies, highlighting how individual characteristics, such as gender, can fill gaps in data about local biodiversity.

Women entrepreneurs in rural Nigeria: formal versus informal credit schemes

PurposeThis study examines why low-wealth women entrepreneurs forgo mobile enabled money services and government supported micro finance for informal, community-based revolving loans in rural Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThematic analysis of 25 interviews with women in rural, south-west Nigeria. Entrepreneurial ecosystem theory, in the gendered context of micro finance and community-based lending, is employed.FindingsThis study explains the paradox of forgoing seemingly accessible mobile enabled credit, and formal credit schemes (e.g. micro-finance programs) for informal, one-on-one borrowing. Convenience and trust-based relationships with respected community members ease the burden of time scarcity and vulnerability associated with formal capital. Flexible terms, autonomy, self-reliance and knowing who one is dealing with make Esusu a preferred source of finance. Findings are discussed in the context of gendered entrepreneurial ecosystems in which participants conduct business.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is not representative of women entrepreneurs in rural Nigeria. Survivorship bias is acknowledged. Further research is needed on the psychological risks of informal capital and the benefits of community-based lending.Practical implicationsMeasures to scale mobile enabled credit, without commensurate interventions to address time management and other structural issues that confront women traders, limit their utility and impacts. Power differentials between women traders and lenders must also be considered in the design of lending products. Training of women traders and formal lenders should incorporate curricula about gender gaps in capital markets and systematic gender challenges to support entrepreneurs who seek to grow beyond subsistence enterprises.Originality/valueThis study documents decision criteria that motivate informal rural women traders to employ community-based revolving credit or Esusu. Findings inform measures to increase women entrepreneurs' access to capital in a rural sub-Saharan Africa contexts.

Role Leadership in Creating Work Life Balance

This research aims to map the development of Work-Life Balance (WLB) research and its relationship to the context of leadership. In total, 777 scientific articles indexed in Scopus were used as the database. Analysis was conducted using a bibliometric approach to map the author, source, and document details. The results found that WLB research began in 1993 and experienced significant increases during and after COVID-19. 2865 authors are dominated by research in developed countries and the health sector. This study found that transformational, servant, and e-leadership leadership styles are the most researched styles for realizing WLB. Apart from that, WLB is widely discussed in a gender context in which women, both as employees and leaders, still find it challenging to achieve WLB due to the high intensity of work-family conflict. This research is essential for human resource management (HRM) when reviewing operational arrangements and leadership styles. HRM must also make more specific interventions for female workers to achieve WLB in their careers.

Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam yang Responsif Gender: Menuju Kesetaraan dan Keadilan dalam Pendidikan

A responsive approach to gender issues in developing the Islamic religious education curriculum is becoming increasingly important because it supports efforts to achieve equality and justice in education. The aim of this study is to explore the urgency and implications of developing a gender-responsive curriculum in the context of Islamic religious education. Through in-depth analysis, this journal examines the concept of gender equality in Islamic education, identifies the challenges faced in integrating gender perspectives in the curriculum, and offers practical strategies to achieve this goal. A gender-responsive Islamic religious education curriculum must also pay attention to several things, namely: 1). Gender context: curriculum development must understand gender roles in society and recognize differences and equality between men and women. 2). Moral values: every lesson in the curriculum must include moral values that are relevant to religion, because they will help students understand not only the transfer of knowledge, but also character formation skills. 3). Competency-based curriculum: the use of a competency-based curriculum allows for a more holistic approach. Students not only gain knowledge, but also relevant skills and values. With this approach, it is hoped that the Islamic religious education curriculum can provide a more meaningful learning experience and support equality and justice in education.

Perceived effectiveness of bystander behavior as a function of the context of bullying, grade level, and gender

Perceived effectiveness of bystander behavior as a function of the context of bullying, grade level, and gender

Impact of Gender-Specific Physiological activities on Bone Density and Spinal Alignment Post-Spinal Stabilization Surgery Affecting Quality of Life

Background: The rate of spinal stabilization surgery has increased in recent years among both males and females due to ineffective activities impacting their quality of life, work-disability, and social-disability. Aim: This study aimed to determine the impact of such activities on bone density and spinal alignment after spinal stabilization surgery within the context of Bursa, Turkey. Method: A sample of 450 patients, who had undergone spinal surgery, was included, 210 of which were females and 240 were males. These patients had suffered from different ailments including spinal stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis and disc herniation. In order to attain the required outcomes, Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) was measured before and after (one year) operation. This test measured various positive and negative outcomes post-spinal stabilization surgery including improvement in degree of pain and back function, quality of life, degree of work-disability and social-disability, over a period of 12-months. Patients' satisfaction level with therapy was also measured using a 5-point Likert scale while parametric statistics provided the relationship among variables. Results: The results obtained show that females with all pathologies had worse COMI scores significantly (p < 0.05) as compared to males. However, no significant differences were observed after the operation within the context of gender (p > 0.05). However, 72% of females and 71% of males received minimal clinically important change (MCIC) score of 2.2 for COMI. Hence, gender showed insignificant relationship with MCIC, since females did not show any significant satisfaction level as compared to males concerning their post-operative health outcomes. Conclusion: The study recommends to emphasize on improving therapeutic and surgical measures aiming at attaining significant satisfaction levels after surgery.

Racial and Gender Differences in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Atrial Fibrillation.

The expanding field of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in individuals with and without atrial fibrillation (AF) presents a complex landscape, demanding careful interpretation of the existing research. AF, characterized by significant mortality and morbidity, prompts the exploration of strategies to mitigate its impact. Increasing physical activity (PA) levels emerges as a promising avenue to address AF risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, through mechanisms of reduced vasoconstriction, endothelin-1 modulation, and improved insulin sensitivity. However, caution is warranted, as recent investigations suggest a heightened incidence of AF, particularly in athletes engaged in high-intensity exercise, due to the formation of ectopic foci and changes in cardiac anatomy. Accordingly, patients should adhere to guideline-recommended amounts of low-to-moderate PA to balance benefits and minimize adverse effects. When looking closer at the current evidence, gender-specific differences have been observed and challenged conventional understanding, with women demonstrating decreased AF risk even at extreme exercise levels. This phenomenon may be rooted in divergent hemodynamic and structural responses to exercise between men and women. Existing research is predominantly observational and limited to racially homogenous populations, which underscores the need for comprehensive studies encompassing diverse, non-White ethnic groups in athlete and non-athlete populations. These individuals exhibit a disproportionately high burden of AF risk factors that could be addressed through improved CRF. Despite the limitations, randomized control trials offer promising evidence for the efficacy of CRF interventions in patients with preexisting AF, showcasing improvements in clinically significant AF outcomes and patient quality of life. The potential of CRF as a countermeasure to the consequences of AF remains an area of great promise, urging future research to delve deeper to explore its role within specific racial and gender contexts. This comprehensive understanding will contribute to the development of tailored strategies for optimizing cardiovascular health and AF prevention in all those who are affected.

Torture and blessing: the impostor phenomenon among Spanish female executives

PurposeThis research explores the impostor phenomenon (IP) within the context of gender and leadership, aiming to transform impostor feelings into catalysts for leadership empowerment and positive career outcomes.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing grounded theory, this study conducts in-depth interviews with 34 female Spanish senior executives to analyze their experiences with IP.FindingsThe research reveals that top executive women are not only affected by IP but can also harness it to foster personal and professional growth. It identifies key strategies – such as self-reflection, effective communication and cultivating positive habits – that enable women to transform IP into a lever for enhancing their careers. This approach leads to a proposed virtuous cycle model that empowers women to overcome the negative impacts of IP and advance their leadership capabilities.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on gender and leadership by offering insights into the gendered nuances of IP. By framing IP as a potential catalyst for growth rather than a barrier, the study provides practical tools for human resource (HR) departments to promote gender diversity at senior levels. It also advocates for HR practices to dismantle internal barriers to women’s career progression and address conscious and unconscious gender biases.

Embodied spatiality: mapping gendered exclusion and women’s embodied right to the city in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

This study addresses the critical research inquiry surrounding the persistence of gendered urban inequalities and the subsequent exclusion of women in urban settings within the broader context of gender, spatiality, and embodiment. Using feminist geographical theory and informed by Henri Lefebvre’s concept of the right to the city, the study investigates how the spatial characteristics of public spaces, along with underlying gendered dynamics, engender discriminatory and exclusionary practices that restrict women’s right to the city and public lived space. The study collected data through a questionnaire, in-depth interviews, and a mapping exercise utilising open-access Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. The participants were 166 individuals from the historically racially segregated areas of Umlazi, Chatsworth, and Durban Central in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The findings reveal women’s negative experiences and perceptions of the risk of victimisation, which stem from a form of ‘self-imposed exclusion’ from public spaces, thereby limiting their overall right to the city. The study also highlights the intersecting hierarchies of race, gender, age, and nationality that (re)produce intersectional exclusions, contributing to multiple barriers to access. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that women’s exclusion from public spaces and their limited rights to the city results from a complex interplay between embodied ‘self-imposed’ exclusions, intersectional dynamics, and spatial constraints, which collectively infringe their embodied right to the city.

Transpokoleniowy upór. O książce Xięga poezji idyllicznej w opracowaniu Barbary Stelingowskiej

The article critically discusses Xięga poezji idyllicznej [The Book of Idyllic Poetry], edited by Barbara Stelingowska and published in 2023. The authors focus on the editorial and substantive issues of the analysed edition – in particular, on problems related to the identity of the volume’s author, Maria Komornicka/Piotr Odmieniec Włast, shown in the necessary context of contemporary gender and queer studies.

Many Mickles Make a Muckle: Evidence That Gender Stereotypes Reemerge Spontaneously Via Cultural Evolution.

We explore whether societal gender stereotypes re-emerge as social information is repeatedly passed from person to person. We examined whether peoples' memories of personality attributes associated with female and male social targets became increasingly consistent with societal gender stereotypes as information was passed down social transmission chains. After passing through the memories of just four generations of participants, our initially gender-balanced micro-societies became rife with traditional gender stereotypes. While we found some evidence of the re-emergence of gender stereotypes in Experiment 1, we found the effects were stronger when targets appeared in a feminine-stereotyped occupational context (Experiment 2), and a masculine-stereotyped occupational context (Experiment 3); conversely, the re-emergence of gender stereotypes was attenuated when targets appeared in a single gender context (Experiment 4). The current findings demonstrate that gender schematic memory bias, if widely shared, might cause gender stereotypes to be maintained through cultural evolution.

"Something we can all share": Exploring the social significance of food insecurity for young people in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Food insecurity remains a pressing global issue and South Africa continues to face socioeconomic inequalities that make securing food a challenge for many young people. To address this challenge, we need better understanding of the social context of food and its importance in driving perceptions and behaviours about food and its scarcity. In this study, we examine the meaning of food for young people living in urban informal settlements and rural villages in KwaZulu-Natal, and investigate how they exert agency in the face of food insecurity. We use qualitative data from 17 photo/video elicitation interviews conducted from December 2020-January 2021 with young people experiencing food insecurity. The sample consisted of 9 women and 8 men who were part of the Siyaphambili Youth ("Youth Moving Forward") project. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Themes included the challenges young people face in securing food and money for food. However, in exploring young people's agency, food also plays a critical role in shaping their identities and social networks. Relevant themes included the use of food as a means of bonding with others; solidifying relationships; and as a signifier of social status and gender roles. Despite the challenges of food insecurity, young people demonstrated resilience and agency, utilising social and gendered coping strategies to secure food and to maintain their social networks. Our study contributes to the understanding of food insecurity amongst young people in South Africa and highlights the need for a comprehensive and culturally sensitive approach to addressing this issue. We argue that interventions aimed at addressing food insecurity should prioritise the empowerment of local communities and consider the sociocultural and gendered context of food in their design and implementation.

Exploring effects of climate-smart agriculture innovations on women smallholders’ livelihoods in Ethiopia

AbstractStudies do not often provide evidence as to how innovations improve women smallholders’ livelihoods in male-headed households by analyzing women farmers in their own rights which is vital to develop and implement future gender responsive and transformative agricultural innovations. This study investigates if Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) – specifically conservation agriculture (CA) and small-scale irrigation schemes (SSIS) – improve women smallholders’ livelihoods. A concurrent mixed method was applied, and data was collected using survey, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive and t- statistics were used to analyze quantitative data and thematic and narrative analysis methods to analyze qualitative data. Findings demonstrate that gender norms and intersectional identities and experiences of women together with the absence of gender equity and equality based structural works limit improvement in women’s livelihoods. While the use of CA did not change both men and women farmers livelihoods, SSIS improved men users’ financial and physical capitals. Hence, future CSA innovations should first identify the root causes of contextual gender inequalities and CSA innovations should be implemented based on women smallholders needs, experiences and realities. Building women smallholders’ livelihood capitals through off-farm income-generating activities and broadening the operational scale of CSA innovations for addressing strategic gender needs are desired. Explicitly, there is a need to move to a gender transformative approach (GTA) when implementing CSA innovations as GTA challenges and transforms gender norms and intersectional problems including unequal gendered access to livelihood capitals and decision-making power, unequal gender role distributions and gendered representations and implementation processes in economic policies.

Women in Militant Movements: The Role of the State in Driving Recruitment

What is the role of the state regarding levels of women’s presence in militant organizations? Most research examining women’s presence in militant groups consider only group-level indicators to explain why militant groups employ women in their ranks, in both passive and active roles. Some burgeoning literature in this realm has also used interview data to consider the agency of the women themselves regarding their choice to join the organizations. However, scholars have yet to examine the role of the state in either hindering or facilitating women’s presence in militant organizations. We argue that state exclusion of women from state political, economic, and social rights and protections will significantly impact the presence of women in militant organizations, but that this relationship is more complex than current theory would predict due to disparity evident in the gendered context of the state.

Can North Carolina small rural farms succeed equally? Quantifying racial and gender disparities in acres, markets, and incomes

While small rural farms have long been the foundation of the United States' agricultural landscape, the historic context of gender and racial disparities within this sector has been understudied. This study aims to illuminate gender and racial disparities among small rural farms in North Carolina across operated acres, owned acres, market access, and farm income. Uncovering these dimensions provides valuable insights to promote equity in agricultural development. Using data from North Carolina small farms, we employ the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with Recentered Influence Functions to analyze the extent and sources of disparities. We find four key results. First, White-operated farms have 161% more land, are 2.88 miles closer to markets, and earn $174,000 more than Black-operated farms annually. Second, male-operated farms have 150% more acres and $126,000 higher gross income versus female-operated farms. Third, racial and gender disparities are most pronounced at higher ends of farm size and income distributions. Additionally, disparities stem from endowment and structural effects, with structural factors more prevalent at higher outcome levels. To address such disparities, policymakers should implement targeted initiatives to improve education, market access, and outreach for minority and women farmers while also reforming systems to dismantle structural barriers and enable equitable prosperity. Shedding light on racial and gender inequality is imperative for cultivating an inclusive, just food system where all small rural farmers can succeed.