Gender Class Research Articles

To Be a Tough Guy: Social-Categorical Thinking about Gender in a Chinese Primitive Patriarchal Tribe.

Previous research has shown that people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors can be embodied within their sensorimotor experiences. For example, people tend to associate "toughness" with males and "tenderness" with females in their spoken and mental metaphors. In the current research, we investigated the role of culture in this embodied categorization of gender, focusing specifically on the role of social system and organization. Based on sociological findings that highlight the dominance of men in patriarchy, we hypothesized that Geba, a primitive patriarchal tribe in southwest China, were more likely to use the sensory experience of toughness for representations of gender categories than matched groups of Kham Tibetans. Across two studies, both groups of participants who were primed with the proprioceptive experience of toughness were more prone to categorize sex-ambiguous faces as male (vs. female) than those who received sensory feedback about the relative tenderness, which replicated prior finding in Western participants. Notably, the embodied effect of toughness on categorical judgments of gender was more pronounced in Geba Tibetans than Kham Tibetans, which suggests that social system may be an important determinant of social-categorical thinking about gender. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of cultural dynamic in accounting for embodied cognition.

Abstract 4132875: Living Address Environmental Biotope Affects the Risk of Coronary Obstruction and Myocardial Ischemia Detected by Coronary Computed Tomography

Background: Several studies reported positive associations between air and noise pollution exposure and coronary artery calcification, but environmental effects on coronary obstruction and flow remain largely unknown. Hypothesis: Distance to road and airport, air pollution, and residential green space are linked to coronary artery obstruction and myocardial ischemia. Low CV-risk patients develop coronary obstruction due to environmental factors, while high-risk patients are more prone to develop myocardial ischemia. Methods: Consecutive patients screened by coronary CT angiography for stable chest pain between 01/01/2019 and 31/12/2020 were included in a registry. Distance to airport and major road, and exposure to PM2.5, NO 2 and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were modelled at patients’ living address. Risk of obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD, stenosis ≥50%) and abnormal fractional flow reserve (FFR CT <80%) was assessed using propensity score (PS)-adjusted logistic regression. Subgroup analysis was performed according to gender and Framingham CV-risk categories. Results: We enrolled 2620 patients, including 420 (16%) FFR CT analyses. OCAD was reported in 518 (20%) patients and abnormal FFR CT in 276 (11%). People with OCAD lived closer to the airport (10.841 [7.869-19.022] km vs. 12.297 [8.691-22.843] km, p<0.001). Distance to airport decreased OCAD risk (OR 0.983, 95%CI 0.974-0.992, per 1 km) in univariate analysis, with the association present in male, female, and low-risk patients. After PS-adjustment, a trend of association was present between airport distance and abnormal FFR CT risk (OR 0.986, 95%CI 0.969-1.003, per 1 km). Road distance tended to decrease OCAD risk in univariate and PS-adjusted analysis, in the general (OR 0.928, 95%CI 0.808-1.309; and OR 0.928, 95%CI 0.840-1.021, per 1 km) and high-risk population. NO 2 exposure tended to increase OCAD risk in univariate analysis (OR 1.012, 95%CI 0.997-1.027, per 1 µg/m 3 ), with the association only present in female patients, and disappearance after PS-adjustment. PM2.5 exposure showed no associations, while NDVI tended to increase OCAD risk in low-risk patients after PS-adjustment. Conclusion: Residential distance to airport is the major risk component compared to other urban exposome factors studied in this epidemiological observation. Green space tends to exert a cardioprotective effect in low-risk patients, whereas living close to major road worsens the risk in high-risk patients

Associations Between Gender Diversity and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Early Adolescence.

To assess associations between multiple dimensions of gender diversity with eating disorder symptoms in a national cohort of U.S. early adolescents. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 10,092, Mage = 12.9 years, 2019-2021). Gender diversity was measured using multiple dimensions, including categorical gender identity (e.g., transgender, cisgender), categorical and continuousfelt gender (congruence between gender identity and assigned sex), ordinal gender non-contentedness (dissatisfaction with one's gender), and ordinal gender expression (communication of gender through appearance and mannerisms). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations among gender diversity measures and eating disorder symptoms, adjusting for potential confounders. Greater felt gender diversity was associated with self-worth tied to weight (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11-1.53), binge eating (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.46), and distress with binge eating (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09-1.59). Greater gender expression diversity was associated with self-worth tied to weight (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.33), distress with binge eating (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04-1.51), and characteristics of binge eating episodes (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06-1.66). Gender non-contentedness was associated with self-worth tied to weight (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.20-1.58) and compensatory behaviors related to weight gain (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.26). Transgender identity was not significantly associated with any eating disorder symptoms. We found that greater gender diversity across multiple dimensions was associated with various eating disorder symptoms, and that measures beyond binary gender identity may be important to assess gender diversity in early adolescence.

Unboxing Occupational Bias: Debiasing LLMs with U.S. Labor Data

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to inheriting and amplifying societal biases embedded within their training data, potentially reinforcing harmful stereotypes related to gender, occupation, and other sensitive categories. This issue becomes particularly problematic as biased LLMs can have far-reaching consequences, leading to unfair practices and exacerbating social inequalities across various domains, such as recruitment, online content moderation, or even the criminal justice system. Although prior research has focused on detecting bias in LLMs using specialized datasets designed to highlight intrinsic biases, there has been a notable lack of investigation into how these findings correlate with authoritative datasets, such as those from the U.S. National Bureau of Labor Statistics (NBLS). To address this gap, we conduct empirical research that evaluates LLMs in a “bias-out-of-the-box” setting, analyzing how the generated outputs compare with the distributions found in NBLS data. Furthermore, we propose a straightforward yet effective debiasing mechanism that directly incorporates NBLS instances to mitigate bias within LLMs. Our study spans seven different LLMs, including instructable, base, and mixture-of-expert models, and reveals significant levels of bias that are often overlooked by existing bias detection techniques. Importantly, our debiasing method, which does not rely on external datasets, demonstrates a substantial reduction in bias scores, highlighting the efficacy of our approach in creating fairer and more reliable LLMs.

The gender congruency effect in sentence context depends on gender transparency and L2 proficiency: A self-paced reading study with Polish–German bilinguals

Aims and objectives: The gender congruency effect, and so the facilitated retrieval of grammatical gender for translation equivalents of the same gender, has been documented in the recognition of isolated words in L2. Our study investigates whether this effect extends to word recognition in sentence context and whether it is modulated by gender transparency and L2 proficiency. Design/methodology/approach: Sixty late unbalanced Polish–German bilinguals completed a self-paced reading task with noun phrases manipulated for lexical gender congruency with L1 (congruent, incongruent) and noun-internal gender transparency in L2 (transparent, non-transparent). L2 proficiency was assessed through the Dialang test. Data and analysis: Reading times on the noun were analysed by means of linear mixed-effects modelling. Findings/conclusion: Results showed a gender congruency effect that was limited to transparent nouns and which was greater at lower L2 proficiency levels. Originality: The study is the first to investigate the gender congruency effect in the recognition of nouns embedded in grammatical sentences. Significance/implications: The study shows that the presence of a contextualising sentence does not eliminate the cross-language effects of grammatical gender. Furthermore, it provides first evidence that individual noun-internal gender cues modulate the gender congruency effect. The findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between gender transparency at the micro-level and the degree of activation of gender values.

Let’s keep boys out: promoting exclusion as a means to actualize feminist digital citizenship in China

ABSTRACT Although exclusion is often perceived as antithetical to civil society, many feminist activists advocate for excluding men from their spaces to prevent conflicts and create safer environments. This tension prompts a deeper exploration of exclusion’s role in civic engagement. This study aims to examines the role of exclusion in feminist digital activism through a textual analysis of how members of an online Chinese feminist community promote exclusion. The findings challenge traditional perspectives by suggesting that exclusion can be a crucial tool for feminists to participate in civic life, protect their rights, and assert their agency. This study also reveals that exclusion plays a significant role in the ongoing formation of feminist identity. While the exclusion of men may initially appear to reinforce binary gender norms, it can also serve as a catalyst for exploring and embracing the fluidity of gender and political identity.

Intersectionality and women's participation in peace negotiations

Abstract The Women, Peace and Security resolutions have consistently called for women's increased participation at all levels in institutions and mechanisms for preventing, managing and resolving conflict. Despite a long history of feminist interventions to disrupt categories of gender as a stagnant, ahistorical or geographically consistent structure, rationales for women's inclusion continue to rest on problematic narratives and assumptions. We draw on twenty-nine interviews with practitioners whom we asked to speak about their experiences in peace negotiations and the expectations placed on women involved in these processes. The problematic narratives and assumptions we identify on the basis of these interviews and academic literature have the effect of diminishing women's agency and, thus, their ability to participate in peace negotiations on their terms. Women contribute positively to the durability of peace and the inclusion of gender provisions in agreements. Still, when women's identities are constructed as one-dimensional, the benefits of women's inclusion remain paradoxically a cause for celebration and a partial gain. In this article, we apply theories of intersectionality, informed by Black and African feminisms, to expose women's subject positions that may be made invisible because of assumptions that continue to be associated with calls for women's participation in peace negotiations.

Persistence of the Gender Frame: Gender Perceptions of Ambiguous Chinese and Gender-Neutral American Names in the United States

How do people conduct gender classification in ambiguous contexts? A gender framing perspective suggests the pervasiveness and consequences of using gender in novel contexts, but there is a paucity of knowledge about how people assign a gender to ambiguous targets in interpersonal relations. This study fills in this knowledge gap by investigating how U.S. individuals classify the gender of two types of gender-ambiguous names—Chinese names written in English letters and gender-neutral American names. It also examines how respondents’ gender ideologies and racial stereotypes are associated with their perceptions of gender-ambiguous names. An online survey experiment with 795 U.S. individuals finds that respondents predominantly assign a binary gender (versus neutral or unsure) to both Chinese names (40.8 percent men and 37.4 percent women) and gender-neutral American names (41.1 percent men and 19.4 percent women). Multivariate analyses reveal that respondents with traditional gender ideologies associate a gender-binary perception with gender-neutral American names rather than Chinese names. Meanwhile, respondents who endorse the racialized stereotypes that Chinese people are socially cold and/or generally competent are more likely to perceive Chinese names as men’s names. These findings demonstrate that a gender-binary frame persists in ambiguous contexts, and that the classification outcome is conditional on contextual signals and preexisting cultural beliefs. They also deepen understanding of gender neutrality during social interactions and a gendered nature of racialized stereotypes.

Space, Sexuality, and Thornton Wilder’s Villa Rhabani

Abstract Thornton Wilder composed his unfinished play Villa Rhabani—set on the cosmopolitan island of Capri—between 1920 and 1921. This article argues that the play explores the connections between particular spaces and the development of nonnormative sexual identities or practices. It shows how the island setting of Villa Rhabani is crucial to its depiction of queer characters who are associated with both fluid cosmopolitanism and the contestation of sexual binaries. First, Wilder explores how transnational sexual or romantic encounters, cultivated by the shifting cross-cultural exchanges of island life, can produce a flexible attitude to place-based identities. Second, he demonstrates how a mainland–island binary can be used to describe queer identities on the move. His characters’ oscillations between the mainland metropolis of Naples and small-town Capri appear fundamental to the plasticity of their sexual, familial, and national associations. These two dominant modes of portraying character interactions and setting, as well their relation, help reveal the imbricated relationship of space and sexuality. Wilder’s unfinished play, therefore, constitutes a significant contribution to queer transnational literature. The article also contextualizes the play within colonial and Orientalist discourses that have historically linked Southern Italy with same-sex eroticism. While Villa Rhabani draws on a language of exoticization to describe the behaviors of sexually permissive Italian men, it also questions these associations by showing how such practices may be instrumentalized by the economic precarity and desperate social conditions that prevailed in Southern Italy in the early twentieth century.

Language and Gender: Exploring Structures and Bias in Linguistic Norms

This study investigates the intricate relationship between language and gender norms, exploring how linguistic structures reflect and reinforce societal gender expectations. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative analysis of linguistic corpora with qualitative insights from interviews and discourse analysis. Key findings reveal a growing acceptance of gender-neutral pronouns in English, particularly among younger generations, while entrenched gender biases persist in languages with grammatical gender systems, such as French and Spanish. The study also highlights how lexical choices often associate leadership and strength with male subjects, reinforcing traditional gender roles. Practical recommendations for promoting gender equality through language include advocating for gender-neutral language policies, increasing public awareness, and encouraging media to challenge gender stereotypes. The research concludes by suggesting further avenues for investigation, including cross-linguistic studies, historical analyses, and exploring the impact of language reforms on societal attitudes.

Age- and Gender-Specific Reference Values for Physical Performance in Tunisian Youth Basketball Players

Background/Objectives: Physical performance is becoming increasingly critical in basketball, as it directly influences players’ agility, power, and endurance. This study aimed to assess the progression of body composition and physical performance metrics across different ages and genders, establishing age- and gender-specific reference values for Tunisian basketball athletes. Methods: A total of 469 Tunisian basketball players (239 boys and 230 girls) were assessed and grouped by age. Anthropometric measures—including standing and sitting height, body mass, leg length, body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, body fat percentage, wingspan, and leg muscle volume—were collected alongside physical performance metrics. Performance tests included countermovement and squat jumps, change-of-direction speed, maximal oxygen uptake, flexibility, the five-jump test, and 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m sprints with and without the ball. Normative data were generated based on age and gender categories. Results: The findings revealed significant age-related improvements in both anthropometric and performance parameters. Boys consistently outperformed girls in physical and fitness-related measures, with gender differences becoming more pronounced with age. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that, for boys, body fat percentage, leg muscle volume, standing height, and wingspan were the best predictors of physical performance. For girls, body fat percentage, standing height, and sitting height were identified as key predictors. Conclusions: The newly established Tunisian reference values for physical performance in youth basketball provide valuable benchmarks that can support the development of explosive power and strength in players, aiding in talent identification and potentially enhancing individual and team performance outcomes.

Gender, gestation, and birthweight-based differences in the timing of passage of first urine and meconium in neonates: A prospective observational study

ABSTRACT Introduction: The cut-off for referral to a higher center and further investigations for the delayed passage of first urine and meconium by a neonate have been traditionally kept after 48 hours of birth. There are very few studies regarding this in Indian neonates, and previous studies have relied primarily on the mother’s recall of the event which may have led to recall bias. Therefore, through this study, we wanted to use hospital intake/output records to identify the risk factors that affect the timing of passage of first urine and stool in neonates delivered at our center and to find out if the cut-off of 48 hours to call it a delay is justifiable. Methodology: This was a single-center, prospective observational study conducted in Eastern India. After obtaining ethics committee approval, the eligible neonates delivered at the center were prospectively enrolled between June 2020 to December 2022. The timing of passage of first urine and meconium was noted using 3 hourly collected information from the input/output charts maintained by the nursing staff in the postnatal wards. The median time of passage of first urine and meconium was compared across gender, gestation, and birth weight. To find the factors associated independently with delayed passage of meconium, multivariable logistic regression was used. Result: A total of 330 neonates were enrolled prospectively in the study. Approximately two-thirds of them passed first urine (69.7%) and meconium (62.7%) within 6 hours after delivery. The median and interquartile range (IQR) of the time of passage of the first urine was 4 (1-7) hours of life. This did not vary significantly for gender, gestation, and birthweight categories. The median (IQR) of time of passage of meconium was 4 (1-8) hours of life, which was significantly higher for male [5 (2-8.5), (P = 0.029)] and preterm neonates [6.3 (2.5-12), (P = 0.001)], but did not vary significantly for birthweight categories. On multivariable logistic regression, twin gestation [OR 4.15 (95% CI 1.09-15.76); P = 0.036] and preterm birth [OR 2.97 (95% CI 1.18-7.43); P = 0.02] increased the odds of passage of meconium beyond 12 hours’ postnatal age. 99.39% and 98.77% of the neonates passed urine and meconium respectively within 24 hours. Conclusion: The median time of passage of first urine was not influenced by gender, gestation at birth, and birthweight categories. The median time of passage of meconium was significantly higher for male and preterm neonates. Also, with early initiation of direct breastfeeding and good feeding support most neonates pass their first urine and stool by 24 hours of life. So, maybe it’s time to revise the cut-off for referrals or investigations from 48 hours to 24 hours of life. However, further studies with larger sample sizes will be required to confirm this cut-off.

“Where Are They Now? Attrition Rates of EM residency graduates by Gender”

Prior studies examined the retention of women emergency physicians through residency training, but their career paths on completing residency are less well understood. Our primary objective was to identify a difference in attrition rates between binary genders of practicing clinical emergency physicians within 10 to 30 years after residency graduation. Our secondary aims investigated gender differences in geographic practice location, academic, and community practice. We hypothesized that women emergency physicians have higher rates of attrition from clinical practice than men. In this cohort study, we tracked employment over 10 to 30 years of graduates from allopathic emergency medicine residency programs established before 2005 and those who graduated before 2010. We obtained graduate lists from 21 residency programs representing geographically diverse training programs in the United States. We utilized public databases to investigate current licensure, board certification, practice location, and occupation for graduates more than 10 years after residency graduation. Physicians who do not practice clinically in emergency medicine or an emergency medicine subspecialty were placed in the "attrition" category. "Not available" was defined as those individuals who did not have adequate information available online. We analyzed differences in attrition of women and men emergency physicians in clinical practice in 2020. We also noted whether they worked in an academic or community setting and assessed their geographic clinical practice region. We identified a total of 4,170 graduates. Of those, 445 (10.6%) were excluded because of insufficient information. Of the 3,725 emergency medicine residency graduates, 71% were men. The attrition rate from clinical emergency medicine for men was 5.3% (95% confidence interval, 4.4% to 6.1%) and the attrition rate for women was 5.8% (95% confidence interval, 4.4% to 7.2%). The difference between the 2 proportions was -0.005 (95% confidence interval, -0.02 to 0.01). There were no gender differences in geographic location or practice type. We did not observe differences in attrition rates by gender in our sample from 21 programs over a 30-year period. The findings from this cohort are disparate from reports of recent emergency medicine graduates and identifying reasons for attrition of emergency physicians will be important to understanding the workforce needs of the future.

‘Harsh’ SoMa vs ‘Beige’ Castro: The cross-modal construction of contrasting femininities in queer San Francisco

The study of gender in sociolinguistic variation has long concerned the ways linguistic variables pattern with binary gender identities like male and female, with the implicit assumption that masculine individuals will use variants that index masculinity, and feminine individuals will use variants that index femininity. The emerging field of trans linguistics has built upon insights from queer linguistics and challenged the idea that there must be a one-to-one correspondence between linguistic variants and gender identities. Studies of transgender speakers have illuminated that indexing gender is a process of bricolage, where multiple variables collaborate, and only one needs to index gender in a particular way for the speaker's overall semiotic construction to carry that gendered meaning. Here, I investigate cross-modal bricolage, by exploring how visual gender presentation and three different linguistic variables come together to construct contrasting feminine styles among San Francisco drag queens. Linguistic patterns and aesthetic choices illuminate that bricolage involves a semiotic division of labor, in which only some signs (or modalities) need to index gender to give the overall style that gendered meaning. Concurrently, other signs can contribute qualia to a style's overall qualic cloud, that distinguish the style from others in the semiotic landscape. This exploration illuminates the role of the body in conditioning the indexical potential of linguistic signs, destabilizes monolithic essentializations of trans linguistic practice, and acknowledges the varied ways that gender non-normative identity can manifest across communities.

Grammatical Analysis of Kinship Terms in Sorani Kurdish Language

The research paper provides a comprehensive grammatical analysis of Kurdish kinship terms, which is a vital aspect of the Kurdish language. It examines the morphological and syntactic properties of kinship terms, categorization according to the part of speech and the distinctions of their grammatical gender and number .The study delves into the morphological composition of these terms, analyzing the various affixes and morphemes that contribute to their formation, including inflectional suffixes, honorific prefixes, and other derivational processes. Additionally, this research focuses on the vocative forms of kinship terms, investigating their unique grammatical features and. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the complexity and nuances inherent in the Kurdish kinship terminology.

040. Survival Rate of Colorectal Cancer Patients at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital 2021-2023

Background: Cancer is one of the most common cause of mortality worldwide. From the statistic, the mortality case of the Colorectal Cancer increases over 77% a year. In indonesia, the incidence of Colorectal Cancer was high. However, profile data and survival rates are still rarely reported in Indonesia, especially Aceh. The aim of this study were to determine the survival rate of Colorectal Cancer patients and also to obtain the profile data based on age, gender and clinical categories in Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Aceh Indonesia. Methods: This study was an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The data used in this study is patient's medical record according to the inclusion criteria, using 104 medical records of Colorectal Cancer patients for the period 2021-2023. Data were analyzed with univariate data analysis by SPSS. Results: Among 104 Colorectal Cancer patients, man were the most frequent demographical findings. There is (80,8%) CRC occur at age more than 40 years and most of the patients diagnosed in stage 4. Survival rate of Colorectal Cancer patient on this study mostly more than 1 year. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that gender, the age of patient and the Cancer stage have a significant relationship each other and also influenced the survival rate of patients.

Inferring gender from first names: Comparing the accuracy of Genderize, Gender API, and the gender R package on authors of diverse nationality

Meta-researchers commonly leverage tools that infer gender from first names, especially when studying gender disparities. However, tools vary in their accuracy, ease of use, and cost. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy and cost of the commercial software Genderize and Gender API, and the open-source gender R package. Differences in binary gender prediction accuracy between the three services were evaluated. Gender prediction accuracy was tested on a multi-national dataset of 32,968 gender-labeled clinical trial authors. Additionally, two datasets from previous studies with 5779 and 6131 names, respectively, were re-evaluated with modern implementations of Genderize and Gender API. The gender inference accuracy of Genderize and Gender API were compared, both with and without supplying trialists’ country of origin in the API call. The accuracy of the gender R package was only evaluated without supplying countries of origin. The accuracy of Genderize, Gender API, and the gender R package were defined as the percentage of correct gender predictions. Accuracy differences between methods were evaluated using McNemar’s test. Genderize and Gender API demonstrated 96.6% and 96.1% accuracy, respectively, when countries of origin were not supplied in the API calls. Genderize and Gender API achieved the highest accuracy when predicting the gender of German authors with accuracies greater than 98%. Genderize and Gender API were least accurate with South Korean, Chinese, Singaporean, and Taiwanese authors, demonstrating below 82% accuracy. Genderize can provide similar accuracy to Gender API while being 4.85x less expensive. The gender R package achieved below 86% accuracy on the full dataset. In the replication studies, Genderize and gender API demonstrated better performance than in the original publications. Our results indicate that Genderize and Gender API achieve similar accuracy on a multinational dataset. The gender R package is uniformly less accurate than Genderize and Gender API.

Physical activity and sedentarism among non-binary gender identified university students

Abstract Background Physical inactivity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Data indicates that non-binary gender identified people find it difficult to perform PA, this is a disadvantage for them to reach their full health potential. Methods Students were selected by convenience sampling to complete a survey between October-November 2023. A validated PA questionnaire was included. PA and SB were classified into 4 levels: Active but sedentary, extremely sedentary, physically active and discreetly active. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results Out of 32 students did not identified themselves as binary gender. In our sample, 28,1% (vs 12.9% binary students) don’t do PA. Of those doing PA, 52,2% don’t meet World Health Organization recommendations. Among those who perform PA, there no difference in the amount of minutes/week of moderate or intense physical activity performed. Regarding SB, 93,8% spend >6 hours/day in SB (vs 84.7% binary students, mean 7,82 vs 8,75, Sg. 0,032). When grouped into PA/SB categories 65,6% (vs 40,5%) were extremely sedentary in contrast to 1,4% physically active (vs 8.8%). Conclusions In Spain, 1 in 4 young people does not identify with the male/female categories. In our sample, physical inactivity and sedentarism are higher among those who do not identify as male/female. Once they commit to physical activity, there is no difference in the time spent between those who meet the WHO recommendations. More research is needed to understand the reasons for these differences and ensure barrier-free access to healthy lifestyle habits on campus. Key messages • Non-binary gender identified students are less physically active and more sedentary than their peers. • Once they commit to physical activity recommendations, there are no differences among their performance.

Co-administration of COVID-19 and flu vaccines in healthcare workers: results from three campaigns

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, along with seasonal influenza, highlights the need for innovative public health strategies. Co-administering COVID-19 and influenza vaccines offers advantages for healthcare workers (HCWs), streamlining vaccination efforts and enhancing public health resilience. Recent evidence supports the safety and efficacy of this approach, endorsed by health authorities worldwide. However, its acceptance remains a concern. This study explores HCWs’ acceptance of vaccine co-administration in three campaigns post the introduction of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. During three consecutive flu seasons from October 2021 to January 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a large Italian teaching hospital. Data for 2021/2022, 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 were compared, focusing on healthcare workers present in all datasets. McNemar’s test examined changes in acceptance of co-administration. In addition, a conditional logistic regression model was designed to assess the determinants of co-administration through the vaccination campaigns in the three years. During these vaccination campaigns 7457 HCWs were observed (62.78% women, median age 43). Co-administration surged, particularly in 2022/2023, showing a 280.71% increase, consistent across all professional categories (p < 0.001). Controlling for gender and professional category, acceptance of coadministration showed a significant association respectively with “open days” twice a month (OR 2.9 CI [2.7; 3.6]) and a hospital vaccination clinic two days a week on weekdays (OR 4.5 CI [4.1; 5.4]) compared to conducting vaccinations at a clinic open everyday during the campaign period; no association was highlighted with age. This study investigates a facet of an increasingly significant topic, demonstrating that co-administering vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza is emerging as an effective strategy in annual vaccination campaigns, thanks to its safety and the streamlining of logistical and organizational processes. Key messages • The co-administration of vaccines offers a promising strategy to enhance vaccination rates among healthcare workers. • By identifying factors influencing acceptance, it aims to inform targeted interventions for maximizing vaccine uptake and public health resilience.

The decline of feminine gender: a cross-dialectal study of seven Norwegian dialects

This paper presents a cross-dialectal study of grammatical gender in Norwegian nominal phrases. Specifically, we investigate the decline of the feminine gender in three age groups across seven different dialects. The dialects vary in their morphological richness of gender marking: some dialects traditionally have more distinctive marking of the feminine gender. With an elicited production experiment, we investigate gender marking on the indefinite determiner and the definite suffix. We find that feminine gender is in decline in all dialects, but there are clear differences between the locations and between age groups. The feminine indefinite determiner ei is replaced by the masculine en at different rates and to a different degree in the various dialects. We furthermore find that the feminine definite suffix -a is retained in all locations except for Stavanger. We argue that the decline of the feminine gender can be explained by an interplay between the morphological richness of the given dialect and dialect contact. The former helps to retain the feminine as a separate category, while the latter accelerates the loss of the feminine.