Wound Healing Gel Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic PCL-PEG-PCL/Maghnite nanocomposites: a novel gel for antimicrobial and wound healing applications

This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and potential applications of an amphiphilic nanocomposite composed of Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL) and modified Maghnite (Algerian montmorillonite clay), referred to as PCL-PEG-PCL/Maghnite. The nanocomposite was synthesized via in-situ copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and polyethylene glycol, in the presence of intercalated Maghnite modified with tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBHSA). A variety of characterization techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the structural properties of the resulting nanocomposite. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity assessment of the nanocomposites demonstrated their effectiveness against all the bacterial strains tested. Besides, the nanocomposite 10% demonstrated promising results as a gel for wound healing, confirming its effectiveness in promoting tissue regeneration and wound closure.

Chitosan gel loaded with carbon dots and mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a topical formulation for skin regeneration: An animal study

BackgroundCarbon dots (CDs) are the research hotspots in antimicrobial applications. Also, due to the importance of calcium ions in skin regeneration, mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (mHAP NPs) were prepared. This study aimed to evaluate the wound healing efficiency of both CD and mHAP NPs simultaneously. MethodsWe doped Fluorine (F) and Copper (Cu) in CDs to prepare Cu*F-doped CDs (Cu.CDs). For the rapid release of calcium ions, a novel double-surfactant system (CTAB/F-127) was used for the synthesis of mHAP NPs. Then, we loaded both Cu.CDs and mHAP NPs simultaneously into the chitosan (CTS) gel. ResultsThe released calcium for mHAP NPs prepared using CTAB/F-127 was proved about 30 % higher than that prepared using only CTAB, after one day. The BET-specific surface area for mHAP NPs prepared using CTAB/F-127 was 23.17 % more than that prepared using only CTAB. This high porosity improves wound exudate absorption. Rheological analysis showed that the addition of both mHAP NPs and Cu.CD decreases the viscosity of CTS gel and thereby makes it suitable for topical applications. CTS gel containing mHAP + Cu.CDs indicated exceptional antibacterial properties even without light and/or H2O2 with an inhibition zone diameter of 35 and 17 mm for E. coli and S. aureus species, respectively. CTS gel containing mHAP + Cu.CDs also showed significantly higher wound closure efficacy, greater inflammation inhibition, and better re-epithelialization than the other groups in rats with full-thickness skin wounds. ConclusionThe CTS gel containing both Cu.CD and mHAP NPs can be proposed as a new therapeutic gel for wound healing.

Optimization In-vitro Evaluation and Scratch Wound Healing Assay of Hexacosane Topical Gel for Wound Healing.

The compounds hexocosane, a sterol hydrocarbon identified in the dichloromethane extract and isolated from marine sponges of the genus Agelas. Hexocosane possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities that reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, they promote cell proliferation and angiogenesis, facilitating tissue regeneration and repair. This multifaceted approach makes this secondary metabolite a promising candidate for developing advanced wound care therapies that effectively address both infection control and wound healing. On the basis of viscosity, in-vitro release, and skin retention, optimal gel formulations were developed with hexocosane (1%) to achieve the best results. A response surface methodology Box-Behnken design was applied on three factors and three levels [carbopol 940 (1, 1.25 and 1.5%), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (1,1.5 and 1.2%), and propylene glycol (0–1–1.5% and 1–2%, respectively] using three factors and three levels. In order to assess the spreadability and viscosity, a glass slide and a Brookfield viscometer were used. An assay was conducted to determine how topical gel affects wound healing. The optimization study of the gel formulation, involving variations in adhesive polymer (Carbopol 940), release retarding polymer (HPMC K4M), and penetration enhancer (Surfactant), has identified three noteworthy formulations (F4, F8 & F14). Each formulation is characterized by specific attributes such as viscosity, in-vitro drug release, and skin retention. All samples were found to elicit significant wound healing efficacy as evidenced from the representative photomicrographs. The maximum efficacy was elicited by formulation (F4) with 100 mg drug at the time duration of 36 hours.

Formulation and development of herbal gel for wound healing

Herbal gel is a solid, jelly-like substance that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough preparation. It is used topically for a variety of purposes, such as protectants, antiseptics, and antimicrobials. Herbal formulations means a dosage form consisting of one or more herbs or processed herbs in specified quantities to provide specific nutritional, cosmetic benefits meant for use to diagnose, treat, mitigate diseases of human beings or animals, alter the structure or physiology of human beings or animals. The aim of herbal treatment is usually to produce persisting improvements in well-being. Practitioners often talk in terms of trying to treat the “underlying cause” of disease and may prescribe herbs aimed at correcting patterns of dysfunction rather than targeting the presenting symptoms. Gel-based products absorb into the skin easily, leave little to no residue on the skin, and prevent greasiness. Moisturizing benefit, Acne, Ageing, treat sunburn, hydration, cooling effect, long lasting, Compatible with sensitive skin type. Moringa oleifera is a tree with antioxidants and also anti-inflammatory properties. Its health benefits may range from speeding up wound healing. The herbal gel was prepared by using heat add the required amount of all the ingredients and stirred it continuously up to 10 to 15 minute to form a homogenous mass of gel. This gel was formulate by using suitable ingredients like, Maringa seed oil, olive oil, aloe-Vera gel This gel is honey, Garlic extract. In different properties the herbal gel was evaluated by different parameters such as a pH measurement, viscosity test skin irritation test, physical appearance, spread ability test and net content.

Formulation and in vitro /in vivo Evaluation of Silymarin Solid Dispersion- Based Topical Gel for Wound Healing

Silybum marianum, from which silymarin (SM) is extracted, is a medicinal herb. In the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, it is of the class II type, meaning it is almost completely insoluble in water. It has a number of therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory as well as properties that promote wound healing. This research target is to promote the dissolution and solubility of SM by employing a technique called solid dispersion and then incorporating the formula of solid dispersion into a topical gel that can be used for wound healing. Solid dispersion is a technique used to enhance solubility and dissolve pharmaceuticals that are not water-soluble. This method is widely used because of its low cost and high efficiency. Because of its capacity to repair skin, the hydrophilic carrier nicotinamide (NA) was selected in this investigation as the carrier. Kneading, solvent evaporation and fusion with a consistent drug-to-carrier ratio were the three separate processes utilized in the preparation of solid dispersion (1:1, 1:3, and 1:5). In addition, the products were examined to determine their physical characteristics and the degree of crystallinity. The selected formula was combined into a hyaluronic acid base gel using the cold method. This gel was then evaluated in vitro for physical qualities and put to an in vivo (animal) examination to determine how it healed wounds. The study found that the solvent evaporation made SM 25 times more soluble and caused all of it to be released in 20 minutes for a 1:3 ratio. Additional research using DSC and XRD demonstrated the amorphous nature of the result. According to FTIR, there was no evidence of interaction between the two. The gel formula had good qualities, like a pH of 6.6, good spreadability, and drug release within three hours. It also contributed to the rapid healing of wounds.

Combinatorial treatment of mupirocin nanomicelle in insulin-based gel for wound healing in diabetic rats

Abstract Background: Diabetic wounds remain an important clinical challenge over the past few decades. Nanodrug delivery systems play a crucial role in the treatment of chronic infections and wound healing. Objectives: To evaluate the wound healing potential of newly synthesized and characterized mupirocin (MP) nanomicelle (NM) in insulin (I)-based gel (MP-NM-I), utilizing alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Materials and Methods: MP-NM-I was prepared by solvent evaporation technique, 96 male rats were assigned randomly into eight groups (n = 12): one group is healthy, and the remaining seven groups were diabetic and wounded receiving treatments of gel base, tween 80, I, MP, MP-I, MP-NM, and MP-NM-I, respectively. Rats were sacrificed after 7 and 14 days of wounding. Blood samples were collected for glucose and insulin concentration measurement. Skin biopsies were examined by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: Diabetes was confirmed after a significant increase in blood glucose and a decrease in serum insulin concentrations (P ≤ 0.001). MP-NM– and MP-NM-I–treated groups presented a rapid wound closure (100 ± 0, P ≤ 0.001), and the bacterial growth in these samples was relatively low (P ≤ 0.001). Histological examination established a significant decrease in inflammatory cells (P ≤ 0.001) with a significant elevation in tissue re-epithelialization, fibroblasts, angiogenesis, and collagen fibers (P ≤ 0.001). Immunohistochemical investigation presented a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α, increase in vascular endothelial growth factors, and interleukin-10 scores (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The developed formula of MP-NM with or without insulin is more effective than MP alone for diabetic wound healing in rats, because it accelerated wound closure. Accordingly, the formula might serve as an innovative tool for diabetic wound healing.

Anorectalis régiót érintő STI fertőzések

The authors present the case of a 20-year-old male patient, who was refered to their department by his family doctor with suspected drug allergy. He had several proctological examinations in the last half year, because of a chronic intermittently bleeding anal fissure, which has been treated with analgesic rectal cream and wound healing gel. During physical examination multiple maculopapular rash all over the body, infiltrated brownish papules on the soles and purulent discharge on the pharyngeal wall were detected. Differential diagnosis included secondary syphilis, viral exanthema and drug eruption. The syphilis serological tests confirmed the diagnosis of secondary syphilis. The patient received benzathine-penicillin treatment. Due to the non-healing anal fissure pelvic MR was performed, which did not reveal definitive fistula. Further STI screening tests showed Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of the anus and after ceftriaxon administration the patient’s anorectal symptoms healed. Our case emphasizes the importance of sexually transmitted co-infections.

Biomimetic peptide dynamic hydrogel inspired by humanized defensin nanonets as the wound-healing gel coating

Clinical treatment of chronic wounds, particularly those prone to relapse, has been hampered by the regeneration, infection complications, and malignant transformation of disordered tissue adhesions. At the surface of intestinal endothelial, human defensins self-assemble into higher-order nanonets that defend host cells, fight inflammation and promote wound healing. Inspired by this antimicrobial nanostructured network, we herein attempted to construct an antimicrobial nanonet with hemostatic function integrated as wound dressing. Aiding by molecular docking and dynamics analysis, we designed a hemostatic nanogel called ACFP, which was constructed by spontaneously assembling two RADA16-based hydrogelators with one θ-defensin-derived peptide motif. As expected, ACFP possesses antimicrobial properties derived from the nanonet structure of defensin, as well as the ability to prevent bleeding and effectively promote wound healing. As an injectable biocompatible hydrogel, ACFP successfully treated chronic epidermal wounds associated with multiple bacterial infections, and promoted healing of a complicated intraperitoneal wound involving the cecum and adjacent abdominal walls while preventing tissue adhesion. In addition to providing a comprehensive therapeutic approach with tremendous clinical potential for chronic wound therapy, ACFP may encourage the development of biomimetic peptide hydrogels with multiple functions against a wide range of human diseases.

Evaluation of Propolis Hydrogel for the Treatment of Dentinal Sensitivity: A Clinical Study.

Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected by honeybees, chiefly from buds and the leaves, branches, and bark of trees. Its role as a wound-healing gel has been studied, but the use of a propolis hydrogel in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity has not been evaluated. Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is commonly treated via iontophoresis using fluoridated desensitizers. The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the effects of a 10% propolis hydrogel, 2% sodium fluoride (NaF), and 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) when used in conjunction with iontophoresis for the treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Systemically healthy patients complaining of DH were selected for this single-centre, parallel, double-blind randomized clinical trial. Three substances were selected as desensitizers for study in the present trial: a 10% propolis hydrogel, 2% sodium fluoride, and 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride, all in conjunction with iontophoresis. Any decrease in DH following the application of specific stimuli was assessed at baseline, before and after application, on the 14th day following use, and on the 28th day following the intervention. Intra-group comparisons show diminished values of DH at maximum post-op follow-up intervals which were significantly trimmed down from the baseline (p < 0.05). The 2% NaF demonstrated a significant reduction in DH over 1.23% APF and the 10% propolis hydrogel (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean difference between the APF and propolis hydrogel groups assessed via tactile, cold, and air tests (p > 0.05). All three desensitizers have proved to be useful when used in conjugation with iontophoresis. Within the limitations of this study, a 10% propolis hydrogel can be used as a naturally occurring alternative to commercially available fluoridated desensitizers.

Development of QbD-based mupirocin-β-cyclodextrin complex loaded thermosensitive in-situ gel for wound healing in mice

Mupirocin is a potent antibacterial drug used topically in different dosage forms. However, it has a limitation of low aqueous solubility. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to prepare a complex of mupirocin (MUP) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to enhance the solubility and develop a thermosensitive in-situ gel for improved patient compliance. Mupirocin-β-cyclodextrin (MUP-β-CD) complex was prepared, and the formation of the inclusion complex was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermosensitive in-situ gel was optimized by response surface methodology (central composite design). The formulation was prepared by the cold method using pluronic F-127 and pluronic F-68, and 2% w/v mupirocin and characterized for gelation temperature (32 ± 0.5 °C), pH (5.35 ± 0.2), viscosity (9970 ± 31.75 cps at 50 rpm), in-vitro drug release (94.81 ± 1.38%), drug content (96.05 ± 1.24%) and texture parameters. It showed a broader zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (26 ± 0.8 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (6 ± 1.36 mm). The excisional-wound model in mice showed a remarkable wound contraction (99.9 ± 0.22%), epithelialization period (13.5 ± 0.5 days), and hydroxyproline content (36.10 ± 4.05 mg/gm skin tissue). In conclusion, a thermosensitive mupirocin-β-cyclodextrin complex in-situ gel was prepared successfully, which exhibited improved antibacterial and wound-healing properties.

Flavonoid extraction from Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) for the development of a wound-healing gel with antimicrobial properties

This study focused on extracting flavonoids, a group of natural compounds with high biological activity, from Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata). Various extraction conditions were investigated including the ratio of raw material to solvent, temperature, and extraction time. The highest flavonoid content was obtained when using ethanol with a concentration of 70% and a raw material-to-solvent ratio of 1:200 g/mL, at a temperature of 50oC for 2 h. Additionally, antibacterial activity test revealed that both the extract and gel (supplemented with the extract) were effective in limiting the growth of three bacteria strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. Therefore, this study suggests that this wild plant species may be a good source of natural antibacterial agents.

Resveratrol-Loaded Microsponge Gel for Wound Healing: In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization.

The study was aimed to formulate resveratrol (RSV) loaded microsponges to deliver drug at the wound site and incorporate it in the Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) gel base to provide an appropriate moist environment for wound management. RSV, a stilbenoid that activates sirtuins and cell-signaling regulators involved in the process of wound healing. Microsponges were prepared by oil in oil emulsion solvent diffusion method by optimizing the independent variables; drug: polymer ratio and volume of internal phase solvent and their effects on entrapment efficiency and particle size. Formulation batches were evaluated for drug content, production yield, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release. The microsponges were further incorporated into M. oleifera gum gel, which was then evaluated for spreadability, viscosity, ex vivo diffusion study and in vivo studies using an excision wound model in rats. Scanning electron microscopy revealed spherical and porous nature of the microsponges in vitro-release study of the optimized batch of RSV microsponges showed 80.88% drug release within 8 h. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed no drug and polymer interaction during the formation of microsponges. An ex vivo diffusion study through goat skin revealed sustained release of RSV through porous microsponges embedded in the gel base at the wound site. An in vivo study performed using an excision wound model showed wound healing and closure within day 8. Histopathology showed increased re-epithelization and reduced ulceration in RSV microsponge gel-treated group compared with sham operated. RSV microsponge gel delivered the drug at the wound site and the gel base provided a moist environment and influenced cell adhesion, thereby promoting faster wound healing.

Design and fabrication of Sesamol-loaded transfersomal gel for wound healing: physicochemical characterization and in-vivo evaluation

Objective In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop SL-loaded transfersomal gel for the effective treatment of delayed wound healing. Significance The wound healing process consists of a complex series of biochemical events and changes in cellular activity that restore the integrity of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue. Sesamol (SL), which is a natural phenolic compound, is known for its antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties, and wound-healing abilities. Methods A thin-film hydration method was used to prepare SL-loaded transfersomes. Different formulations containing Tween-80 and Span-80 as edge activators were prepared and optimized. Various characteristics of vesicles were assessed, such as size, shape, loading efficiency, deformability, and in vitro skin penetration. The optimized formulation was then incorporated into 1% carbopol 940 gel. An in vivo wound healing potential of the selected formulation was assessed by an excision wound model. Results The SL-loaded transfersomal gel displayed improved skin penetration and better skin deposition. Wound healing studies showed that the highest wound contraction was observed with SL-loaded transfersomes. Following 21 days of application of the transfersomal gel, a marked improvement in skin histological architecture was found. Conclusion The study findings suggest that transfersomal gel has great potential as a therapeutic option in wound healing.

Diabetic Wound Healing Activity of Anabas testudineus Fish Scales

Background: Anabas testudineus fish scales are part of the fish that has not been used optimally. Fish scales contain chitin. Chitin which undergoes deacetylation, produces chitosan. Chitosan is an efficacious compound for antibacterial and diabetic wound healing.Objective: This study aimed to extract chitosan from fish scales and test the diabetic wound healing activity of fish scale extract gelMethods: Extraction of fish scales using 0.3 M NaOH, 0.55 M HCl, and 50% NaOH. FTIR will analyze the extraction results to see the functional groups of the extract. Activity test of fish scale extracts diabetic wound healing gel was carried out on Rattus novergicus Wistar strain for 14 days. There were five treatments: negative control, positive control given octenillinR, and fish scale extract gel conc. 5%, 10%, and 15%.Results: The results showed that the fish scales extract contained chitosan, and gel extract fish scale conc 5% have diabetic wound healing activity better than 10% and 15%. Conclusion: A. testudineus fish scale extract contains chitosan, as seen from the FTIR results.

ARRIVE guideline checklist for "Formulation and in vitro /in vivo evaluation of silymarin solid dispersion-based topical gel for wound healing".

ARRIVE guideline checklist for "Formulation and in vitro /in vivo evaluation of silymarin solid dispersion-based topical gel for wound healing".

Design and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded Topical Gels: Repurpose of Fluoxetine in Diabetic Wound Healing.

The current study aimed to prepare a topical gel containing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) encapsulating fluoxetine for diabetic wound healing effects. Fluoxetine (FX) was loaded into SLNs by employing an emulsion solvent evaporation technique using stearic acid as a lipid, and soya lecithin as a surfactant. SLNs were then evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), percent drug loading (%DL), and in vitro drug release. The optimized SLN (FS3) composed of FX (100 mg), SA (150 mg), and SA (100 mg) displayed mean particle size (467.3 ± 2.2nm), PDI (0.435 ± 0.02), ZP (-32.2 ± 4.47mV), EE (95.8 ± 3.38%), and DL (16.4 ± 2.4%). FTIR and DSC studies denote drug-polymer compatibility and the amorphous nature of FX in the SLNs. The drug release at 24 h was found to be (98.89 ± 2.57%) which followed the fickian diffusion mechanism. SLN (FS3) was further loaded into carbopol gel and tested for pH, spreadability, and extrudability of pharmaceutical parameters. In-vitro release of FX from the SLN gel and plain gel was compared, diabetic wound healing gel (DWH) showed sustained drug delivery. An in vivo study was also performed for DWH gel in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Histopathological examination exhibited DWH gel-treated wounds have increased hydroxyproline, cellular proliferation, a rise in the number of blood vessels, and the level of collagen synthesis. Thus, DWH gel-loaded SLN encapsulated with FX could be a potential carrier for the effective treatment and management of diabetic wounds.

Pharmacodynamics of Dracorhodin Perchlorate and Its Inflammation-Targeting Emulsion Gel for Wound Healing.

The mechanism of dracorhodin perchlorate for the repair of rat skin wounds was investigated. In order to screen a more favorable drug delivery system for wound repair, the therapeutic effect of dracorhodin perchlorate inflammation-targeted emulsion gel was compared with that of non-targeted emulsion gel on rat wounds. Compared with non-targeted emulsion gels, inflammation-targeted emulsion gels had a better transdermal penetration and lower potentials (-51.6 mV and -17.1 mV, respectively). The recovery of the wound from the dracorhodin perchlorate inflammation targeted emulsion gel group was better than that of the dracorhodin perchlorate inflammation non-targeted emulsion gel group and the positive drug group. Compared with the no-target emulsion gel group, the bFGF expression on day 7 and the EGF expression on day 14 in the targeted emulsion group showed 45.5% and 49.9% improvement, respectively. Pathological tissue slices showed that the epidermis, dermis, and basal layer inflammatory cells in the inflammation-targeted emulsion gel group and non-targeted emulsion gel group were significantly reduced, the granulation tissue proliferation was obvious, and the inflammation-targeted emulsion gel group was more effective. The results proved that dracorhodin perchlorate had a repairing effect on rat skin wounds, and its mechanism might be related to the promotion of the expression of EGF and bFGF in tissues.

Effectiveness Of Ethanol Extract Of Turmeric (Curcuma Domestic Valet) Gel Against Grade Iia Burn In White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

This study aims to determine the acceleration of burn wound healing in rats given ethanol extract of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma Domestica Valet) gel and to see the granulation of the skin histopathology of rats. This research method is experimental with a post-test-only design. The research location is in the UNPRI Bio-Molecular Laboratory with 24 rat samples. Treated with Turmeric Rhizome Extract Gel with Concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% and Silver Sulvadizine as Positive Control and Gel as Negative Control. The results showed that the effectiveness of the best Turmeric Rhizome Extract Gel for wound healing was a concentration of 100% on the 21st day of 15 mm. the worst diameter was the negative control on the 21st day of 20 mm. This happens in the healing of burns because of the content of tannins and flavonoids. Measurement of the granulation tissue diameter on the histopathological picture with the results of a concentration of 100% with a thickness of 863 m. Hypothesis test Ha is accepted There is Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Turmeric Rhizome Extract (Curcuma Domestica VALET) in Healing Grade IIA Burns. Suggestion It is necessary to do further research related to the factors that cause weak anti-inflammatory and antibiotic Kunit rhizome Extract Gel against second-degree burns.

Design and development of naringin-loaded proposomal gel for wound healing.

The injuries or wounds caused by various means will impact human lives severely. An increase in the demand for wounds or burns was observed. For better wound healing and to combat the free radical effect on the healing process, wounds must be treated with multifunctional or multipurpose dressing or gel or any other type of biomaterial. The study aimed to develop, optimize, and evaluate the naringin-loaded proposomal gel (PPG) for quick wound healing. The central composite design was employed for the optimization of proposomes. Naringin-loaded proposomes were evaluated for percentage entrapment efficiency (EE), the particle size of proposomes (PsP), and the zeta potential of proposomes (ZpP). The change in drug release profile was studied by dissolution. Furthermore, naringin and naringin-loaded proposomes, antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) reagent and ascorbic acid as a reference standard. Different gel bases were prepared, and based on various parameters, the G2 (0.6% Carbopol 974) gel base was selected for naringin proposomes loading. The naringin-loaded PPG was evaluated for various in vitro and in vivo wound-healing properties. The optimized naringin-loaded proposomes showed extended drug release (90.78±2.19%) for 72h. The naringin-loaded PPG improved the permeability of naringin, which showed 28.91±2.81% of drug release after 96h, and the drug solution showed 9.05±0.92%. IC50values of antioxidant activity of naringin and naringin proposomes were found to be 337.31μg/ml and 201.86μg/ml, respectively. The naringin-loaded PPG showed better wound closure on the 15th day (3.32%) compared with proposomal solution (4.75%) or naringin topical gel (4.2%). Based on the obtained results, we conclude naringin-loaded PPG can be an alternative strategic approach to deliver the naringin for quick wound healing.

L-Proline adsorbed oxygen-loaded nanobubbles in-situ gel for wound healing

AimWound healing is a natural physiological process that restores the damaged layers of the skin by the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts. This present research work aimed to develop a nanoformulation gel of oxygen and L-proline to offer a synergistic effect on the wound healing process for better patient compliance and protection from cross-infections. Main methodsThe nanobubbles were prepared using the gas entrapment method, followed by cold addition for the synthesis of in-situ gel and further characterized by different parameters like dissolved oxygen level, particle size and zeta potential, in-vitro, ex-vivo release and animal studies. Key findingsL-Proline oxygen nanobubbles in-situ gel formulation was prepared by incorporating oxygen concentration of 15.5 mg/L at pH 5.6. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was stabilized for 6 h and displayed synergistic effects with L-proline at the sol-gel transition temperature. In-vivo studies demonstrated complete wound healing in 21 days and 27 days for oxygen nanobubble with L-proline and control group, respectively. SignificanceThis controlled release nanoformulation showed a combinational effect of oxygen and L-proline for reducing the frequency of application compared to the marketed formulation.