Gear Measurement Research Articles

Vibration of Three Axes Gear System

To reveal basic dynamic features of a gearbox for four-wheel-drive automobile, a test gearing unit having a countershaft was manufactured. Gears can be placed at arbitrary positions on the shafts, and fixed with any phase shift between two meshing pairs. Through the vibration measurement of gears, it has become clear that the effect of countershaft on vibration depends upon both spacing and phase difference between the two pairs. And a resonant state with tooth separation is evident. These features agree well with simulated results which take the effect of the shaft into consideration. It has also become clear that the sound radiation is especially related to the bending vibration of the countershaft.

Kinematic Precision of Gear Trains

Kinematic precision is affected by errors which are the result of either intentional adjustments or accidental defects in manufacturing and assembly of gear trains. This paper explains a general method for the determination of kinematic precision of gear trains. The general method is based on the exact kinematic relations for the contact point motions of the gear tooth surfaces under the influence of errors. An approximate method is also explained. Example applications of the general and approximate methods are demonstrated for gear trains consisting of involute (spur and helical) gears, circular-arc (Wildhaber-Novikov) gears, and spiral-bevel gears. Gear noise measurements from a helicopter transmission are presented and discussed with relation to the kinematic precision theory.

A Study on Measurement of Gears : Angle Measurement by Time-Base Method

歯車のコンピュータ計測に適する角度の検出器として「時間方式」とでも呼ぶべき精密測定法を提案し,試作材を製作し,手法の有用性を確認した.計測原理は安定して回転する円板の1回転に要する時間と測ろうとする角度に対応した回転に要する時間との比から角度値を推定する.原理的には0.1 in 以下の読み取りも可能である.試作材の場合 ZeiB 社の角度分割器との対比読み取りで 10 in 以内の読み取り差に納まっているものと考えられる.

Measurement of Gearing Deviations with Large Gears in the Gear Cutting Machine

Due to their weight and size, it is recommendable to conduct the geometrical measurements of large gears within the manufacturing machine itself. Such measurements are done today with the aid of portable gear measuring apparatus. Another alternative for checking gears is to equip the gear-machine with suitable probe and measuring systems so that it will be possible to measure directly on the production machine. This presentation deals with the functional extensions of the gear machine from a pure cutting machine to one capable of conducting gear measurements as well.

Correlation of probabilistic backlash with measurements

In recent decades precision gear train design and analysis has included mathematical techniques for deriving the probabilistic backlash distribution. However, the most convenient use of backlash source design data yields backlash distribution parameters that are not best suited for correlation with actual measurements. In this form it is necessary to rotate and measure the gear train at many points until the positive maximum backlash value is identified. Then only that one peak data point is of value. Not only is the procedure slow and costly, but it lacks precision since only a single unique data point enters into the verification of the theoretically derived distribution. This paper identifies the source of difficulty as the variable backlash component, utilizing already established terminology and backlash analysis and description. Then it extends the probabilistic equations to yield distribution parameters that are most suitable for correlation with gear train measurements, and also yield better accuracy. These equations permit measuring a population of gear trains, each at any random mesh position. Thus, only one measurement is required, and all data measurements have equal significance and yield a much more reliable statistical result.

International gear metrology round robin

The results from an international gear measurement 'round robin', which included Japan, China, France, Germany, USA and the UK, are presented. The work involved National Laboratories and other centres of excellence for gear measurement. Comparisons are made with survey results from the USA and UK. The measurement uncertainty requirements of National Laboratories are considered and compared with the Round Robin results.

The Measurement Of Involute Worm Wheels

This paper describes the traditional methods used for checking worm gears, using contact marking techniques and discusses a new method for the analytical measurement of worm gears which uses a CNC gear inspection machine at the UK National Gear Metrology laboratory. Some of the development and validation problems are discussed and example measurement results are given. 1.0 Introduction and Background Equipment, standards and procedures for the measuring of involute spur and helical gears have been available for many years. During this time, manufacturers of involute worm gears, although an important part of the transmission business, have not had this luxury because the geometry of involute worm gears is far more complex than involute spur and helical gears. A typical worm gear pair is shown in Fig. 1. The development of analytical inspection techniques could not be implemented until CMMs or CNC machines, with sufficiently powerful computers became available. 1.1 Conventional Contact Marking Inspection Procedure The involute worm is an accurate screw thread with an involute profile and it is relatively simple to measure. Standard gear inspection machines or CNC gear checking machines may be used with acceptable accuracy. The worm wheel is far more complex. It is not feasible to build a mechanical inspection machine for checking worm wheels. Worm wheel manufacturers have traditionally used a contact marking test procedure, as outlined below: Transactions on Engineering Sciences vol 16, © 1997 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3533

Runout Measurement of Helical Gears by Pins

Runout measurement of helical gears by pins is one of the precision measurement methods of gears. In this, after inserting into each space of a gear which rotates slowly at a constant speed a pin of the same diameter, the change of position marked by the pin in relation to the radial direction of the gear to be examined is read or recorded by a gauge with the help of a measuring rod. However, when applying this method to a helical gear, we encounter with many problems yet to be solved. In this paper, the author attempts, from the fundamental viewpoints, to analyse the contact mechanics of a helical gear with pins, and as a result introduces some solution to these prob1ems.

歯車の測定について

歯車の測定について

Discussion on “Gear measurement and allied subjects” at the British Gear Manufacturers' Association

Discussion on “Gear measurement and allied subjects” at the British Gear Manufacturers' Association

Gear measurement and allied subjects

Gear measurement and allied subjects

GEAR MEASURING EQUIPMENT USED BY THE BUREAU OF SHIPS U. S. NAVY

Journal of the American Society for Naval EngineersVolume 64, Issue 4 p. 719-732 GEAR MEASURING EQUIPMENT USED BY THE BUREAU OF SHIPS U. S. NAVY JOHN W. SAWYER, JOHN W. SAWYER The Author is Assistant Head of the Turbine and Gear Branch, Bureau of Ships, for Research, Development and Design. He is Vice President of The Association of Senior Engineers, Bureau of Ships, and Vice Chairman of the Washington Section of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This is his fifth article to appear in the Journal.Search for more papers by this author JOHN W. SAWYER, JOHN W. SAWYER The Author is Assistant Head of the Turbine and Gear Branch, Bureau of Ships, for Research, Development and Design. He is Vice President of The Association of Senior Engineers, Bureau of Ships, and Vice Chairman of the Washington Section of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This is his fifth article to appear in the Journal.Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1952 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1952.tb03004.x AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume64, Issue4November 1952Pages 719-732 RelatedInformation

Involute-Gear Geometry: Nondimensional Analysis and Design of Tooth Forms, Tooth Thickness, and Mesh Relationships

Abstract Definition and discussion of recently discovered fundamental gear characteristic called “belt-length ratio,” to simplify gear design and generation computations, are given with necessary measurement procedures, formulas, and a graphical calculating chart. The concepts and methods are proposed as alternatives to use of conventional involute-function tables and formulas. Relationships are given in nondimensional (ratio) form so that a minimum of data are applicable to all gear sizes. A new standard for pin measurements of gears and involute splines is suggested.

平齒車齒形測定における齒形曲線の解析法について(第3報)

平齒車齒形測定における齒形曲線の解析法について(第3報)

平歯車歯形測定における歯形曲線の解折法に就て(第1報)

平歯車歯形測定における歯形曲線の解折法に就て(第1報)

平歯車歯形測定における歯形曲線解析法に就て(第2報)

平歯車歯形測定における歯形曲線解析法に就て(第2報)

Measurement and Frequency Analysis of Sound from Large Reduction Gear Units

In order to determine noise specifications in absolute units for a certain type of large reduction gear measurements were made of the sounds produced by ten machines in operation at a large central generating station. An average weighted total intensity, and a frequency analysis were made of the noise of each machine. It appears that these data are suitable and sufficient for absolute noise specifications on this type of machine. It was found that 1 db. represents an important difference in loudness in these machines which places quite rigorous requirements on the apparatus and the methods of measurement in order to eliminate errors due to wave patterns, location, load, speed, etc. Data on these points are given. A very close check was obtained between the observed frequencies of the various notes, and the movements of certain parts of the machine. By a comparison of the frequency analyses of the different machines it was possible to locate which part of the machine was responsible for the noise, and something of the nature of the defect producing the noise.