GDLAM Index Research Articles

Resistance training maintains physical function but does not prevent changes in body composition and biochemical markers after detraining in aging adults

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of 10 weeks of resistance training (RT) and subsequent 4 weeks of detraining on physical function, body composition, and biochemical markers in aging adults. MethodsThe study sample was selected by convenience and consisted of 12 women with a mean age of 58 ± 7 years. Physical function [Latin-American Group of Development for Maturity (GDLAM) general index], body composition, total and fractional cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycemia were assessed before and after RT (10 weeks) and detraining (4 weeks). ResultsAfter 10 weeks of RT, there were improvements in fat-free mass (39.1 ± 4.2 vs. 39.9 ± 4.4 kg; p < 0.05 and d = 0.2), fat mass (39.9 ± 6.3% vs. 38.7 ± 6.4%; p < 0.05 and d = −0.2), conicity index (1.47 ± 0.07 vs. 1.43 ± 0.06; p = 0.001 and d = −0.6), and physical function (GDLAM index [27.2 ± 5.5 vs. 25.0 ± 4.7; p = 0.001 and d = −0.4]). Significant improvements were also found in total cholesterol (271.8 ± 75.7 vs. 217.2 ± 52.2 mg/dL; p < 0.01 and d = −0.8), LDL-cholesterol (196.5 ± 61.6 vs. 159.3 ± 38.5 mg/dL; p < 0.01 and d = −0.7), HDL-cholesterol (53.1 ± 7.3 vs. 64.3 ± 23.7 mg/dL; p < 0.05 and d = 0.7), and triglycerides (165.8 ± 32.6 vs. 139.9 ± 46.6 mg/dL; p = 0.001 and d = −0.6). After the detraining period, all benefits in physical function were successfully maintained. ConclusionRT provided benefits in physical function, body composition, and biochemical markers in aging adults. However, 4-week detraining impaired body composition and biochemical markers in the investigated sample.

Effects of aquatic high intensity interval training on parameters of functional autonomy, mental health, and oxidative dysfunction in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the effects of aquatic exercise on parameters of functional autonomy, mental health, and oxidative dysfunction in elderly patients with DM2. A total of 130 elderly were included in the longitudinal clinical study and were attributed to the non-diabetic group (n = 27) and diabetes the group (n = 22). Both groups participated in 24 sessions of Hydro-HIIT, 48 h before and after Hydro-HIIT, the GDLAM index, depression, and anxiety scores and markers of oxidative dysfunction were quantified. After intervention, GI decreased in both groups (non-diabetes group = −24%; diabetes group = −22%) (p < 0.05), markers of depression (−46%), anxiety (−60%), DCFH-DA (−55%), SOD (+59%), TNF-α (−37%) and IL-1 (−48%) in diabetes group (p < 0.05). The intervention with Hydro-HIIT improves aspects related to functional autonomy, mental health, and exerts consequently, a modulating effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in elderly people diagnosed with DM2.

Relationship between Asymmetries and Functional Autonomy in Older Chilean Adults.

The objectives of this study were: (a) to determine asymmetries, both lower limb (LL) and upper limb (UL), in Chilean older adults, and (b) to relate asymmetries to FA in both LL and UL. Forty-one older adults voluntarily participated in this study (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: age 72.0 ± 8.0 years, LL asymmetries 13.78 ± 14.87%, UL asymmetries 10.70 ± 8.85%, FA 40.35 ± 16.26 points). The variables were: (1) asymmetries of LL and UL, assessed through a force platform and handgrip, respectively; (2) FA, assessed through the Latin American Group for Maturity (GDLAM) and the GDLAM index of autonomy (GI) protocol. The relationship between the variables was performed through Spearman's correlation. The analysis showed that 39% of the participants presented asymmetries above 15% in the LL. Likewise, this 39% of older adults presented a lower FA than their peers with asymmetries below 15% in the LL (≤15%: 35.64 ± 12.26 points vs. >15%: 47.69 ± 19.23 points, p = 0.003). The analysis showed a small correlation between LL and GI asymmetries (r = 0.27, p = 0.07) and a small but negative correlation between UL and GI (r = -0.21). The mean values of asymmetries of both LL and UL are within 'normal' parameters. However, several older adults were identified as being at risk. In parallel, older adults who presented a higher level of asymmetries in LL showed a lower level of FA.

Functional Autonomy Evaluation Levels in Middle-Aged and Older Spanish Women: On Behalf of the Healthy-Age Network

Aging is associated with a progressive loss of functional capacity that affects the health and quality of life of middle-aged and older people. The purpose of this study was to report functional autonomy evaluation levels in middle-aged and older women in the Spanish context. A total of 709 middle-aged and older women, between 50 and 90 years old, were selected to participate in the study. The sample was divided by age category every five years. The functional autonomy levels were determined by the Latin American Group for Maturity (GDLAM) protocol and we developed a classification pattern for middle-aged and older women living in Spain. The GDLAM Index (GI) was then calculated to assess functional autonomy. The classification of the tests and the GI followed the percentile rank (P) Very Good (p &lt; 0.15), Good (p 0.16–p 0.50), Regular (p 0.51–p 0.85), and Poor (p &gt; 0.85). It was considered that the lower the value found for the percentile, the better the result. The GDLAM protocol showed strong reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values greater than 0.92 in all tests. It is observed that all variables of the GDLAM protocol presented a positive and significant correlation with age (p &lt; 0.001). The Roc Curve showed that GI values higher than 26 (CI95% = 0.97–1.00; p &lt; 0.001) and 32 (CI95% = 0.98–1.00; p &lt; 0.001) for middle-aged and elderly women, respectively, can predict and indicate low functional autonomy. The normative values hereby provided will enable evaluation and adequate interpretation of Spanish middle-aged and older women’s functional autonomy.

Morphofunctional characterization of elderly women according to depressive symptomatology

Introduction: Aging is an irreversible physiological process that promote changes on biological parameters that culminate in limitations in the execution of daily tasks Objective: Evaluate the morphofunctional parameters of the elderly with and without depressive symptomatology. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive exploratory study was carried out using the protocol of evaluation of the functional autonomy of the Latin American Development Group for Maturity (GDLAN Protocol), consisting of walking 10 meters (C10m), rising from the sitting position (LPS), rising from the ventral position (LPDV) and rising from a chair and moving around the house (LCLC). Results: No significant differences (p&gt;0.05) were found between the groups on functional tests and anthropometric parameters, however, statistical differences (p = 0.001) were found between the groups in the general GDLAM index. Additionally, a positive correlation (r2 : 0.778; p&lt;0.01) was observed between the scores of depressive symptomatology and the general index GDLAM indicating that impairments in functional fitness proportionally higher incidence of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The results suggest that elderly women with a depressive symptom present lower physical fitness than elderly women without symptoms of depression, and that physical activity is necessary for both samples to contribute to the improvement of daily life activities.

Effects of resistance training, tai chi chuan and mat pilates on multiple health variables in postmenopausal women

Objective: To compare the effect of two concurrent training methods on the muscle strength, functional autonomy, cardiorespiratory capacity and quality of life (QoL) of postmenopausal women. Material and methods: Thirty-eight volunteers were allocated to two groups: Resistance Training (RT)+Tai Chi Chuan (TC) (n=16), and RT+Mat Pilates (MP) (n=12). For the RT+TC group, RT was linearly periodized twice a week, alternating weekly with TC. In the RT+MP group, RT was non-linearly periodized and alternated with MP in five sessions a week over a period of 16 weeks. Results: Intragroup improvement in QoL was observed for the physical health of RT+MP. The Cooper test showed improvement in the prediction test for both groups. Functional autonomy improved in the following: rising from a ventral decubitus position, rising from a sitting position, walking 10 meters, putting on and taking off a t-shirt (PTTs) and the GDLAM index (GI) in the RT+MP group. For RT+TC, PTTs and GI improved. With respect to strength, there was intragroup improvement in the RT+MP group for all upper limb exercises, knee flexion and 45o leg press. On the other hand, the RT+TC group showed improvements in high shoulder adduction, elbow extension, low shoulder adduction, pec deck pectorals and 45o leg press. Intergroup analysis showed better results in the 10mW test for RT+MP. Conclusion: Both methods showed significant improvements in functional autonomy and muscle strength, as well as maintenance of QoL and cardiorespiratory capacity. Intergroup analysis indicated better results with the RT+MP program.

Assessment of functional capacity and flexibility of patients infected with HTLV-1

HTLV-1 infects 5 to 10 million people worldwide. Tropical spastic paraparesis / HTLV associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) is a neurological disease, that impairs functional capacity, daily life activities and quality of life of infected individual. Objective: To evaluate the functional capacity and flexibility of patients infected with HTLV-1. Methods: Sample was comprised of 65 HTLV-1-infected individuals (41 asymptomatic, 24 TSP/HAM definite) followed at the referral center for HTLV of Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health in Salvador, Brazil. Twenty-six uninfected individuals were enrolled as controls. Inclusion criteria were age from 18 to 65 years, HTLV-1 serology (ELISA and Western Blot) positive (HTLV-group) and negative (uninfected individuals) and for HTLV-1 infected individuals clinical status defined according to the Belem criteria for the HAM/TSP diagnosis. Patients with stroke or trauma history, those coinfected with HIV, HBV, HCV or syphilis were excluded. The functional capacity of all individuals was assessed using the Group of Latin American development for Maturity (GDLAM) protocol: i) 10 Meter Walking Test, ii) time to get up from a chair, iii) time to get up from the prone position and iv) time to get up from a chair and walk around the house. Test performances were expressed in seconds, and used to calculate the GDLAM index. The flexibility was assessed using the sit and reach test, measured in centimeters. Results: The GDLAM index was significantly lower in the uninfected controls (20.80±3.75 seconds) compared to both asymptomatic (26.45±5.99 seconds) and TSP/HAM patients (51.37±14.99 seconds) (p=0, 1). Moreover, the flexibility of uninfected controls (29.16 ± 7.52cm) was significantly higher compared to asymptomatic HTLV-1-infected individuals (23.36 ± 7.97cm) and HAM/TSP patients (14.45 ± 7.52cm) (p=0, 1). Conclusions: HTLV-1-infeted individuals have an impairment of their functional capacity and flexibility when compared to uninfected individuals, especially patients with TSP/HAM. Interestingly, HTLV-1 asymptomatic individuals also had a decrease of both functional capacity and flexibility, prior to clinically detectable signs of myelopathy.

Effects of sensory motor training of lower limb in sedentary elderly as part of functional autonomy

ObjectiveAssess the effects of sensorimotor training on the functional autonomy levels of sedentary elderly people. MethodsThe sample was composed of 30 women (sedentary, functionally independent, χ=65.03±4.93 year), divided randomly into two groups: control (CG, n=15) and experimental (EG, n=15). Tests developed by the Latin American Development for the Elderly Group (GDLAM) were used to evaluate autonomy. The EG was submitted to a sensorimotor program three times a week, involving 24 thirty-minute sessions. Data were processed using the SPSS program, with a 5% significance level. ResultsThe EG showed a significant reduction in execution time in all the tasks, while the CG only obtained a significantly better score on the 10-M walk test. Although the EG improved in the GDLAM index (Δ%=−30, 3%, p=0.0001), it remained at a “weak” level (GDLAM index >27.42). ConclusionThe results demonstrate that sensorimotor training reduces the execution time of tasks, as well as improving functional performance in activities of daily living.

Effect of periodized water exercise training program on functional autonomy in elderly women.

Scientific evidence have been related negative functional autonomy to sedentary lifestyle in elderly women by other hand physical exercise is highly recommended to prevent deterioration of neuromuscular functions and proposed during the rehabilitation of physical disability and fall accidents. To determine the effect of periodized water exercise training on functional autonomy in elderly women. Twenty-six subjects were randomly assigned in two, water exercise intervention group (n=16) and control group (n=10); The intervention group followed 12-week of periodized water exercise training program five times a week, 30 minutes of water exercise with work heart rate reserve of 40-50% (1-6th week) increasing the load to 50-60% (7-12th week); The protocol of the Group of Latin-American Development for Maturity (GDLAM) was used to evaluate functional autonomy; As statistical analyses mixed 2 x 2 ANOVA was used, also percentage changes (Δ %) were calculated. The results showed significant improvement (p<0.05) comparing the interaction intergroup and the measurements in 10 meters walk test (10mW) (p=0.001) and general GDLAM index (GI) (p=0.012), percentage changes (Δ %) showed positive improvements in the five components of (GDLAM) and (GI). Periodized water exercise training program was able to enhance (10 mW) and (GI) however, will be appropriated in the future more studies to better clarify the possibilities of improvements between water exercise and functional autonomy.

Resistance training program on functional independence of a elderly man with frontotemporal dementia: a case report

To investigate the effects of a resistance training program on muscular strength, functional autonomy and body composition of an elderly man with frontotemporal dementia, was the objective of this study. A male volunteer with 80 years of age and 75.7 kg of body weight was participant of this study. The cerebral atrophy of temporal lobes was diagnosed by a Computer Tomography Scan. To evaluation of muscle strength the 10RM test (repetition maximum), for functional autonomy the protocol of the Latin American Development to Maturity Group – (GDLAM) and body composition determined by Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used. The training period of four months consisted of eight exercises with intensity of 65% to 90% of 10RM, with three sessions weekly of the 60 min/session. The student t test was used. Statistical improvement was observed for % fat (Δ% = -2.93%, p = 0.041), for exercises of leg press 45 ° (Δ% = 48%, p = 0.001), horizontal leg press (Δ% = 18%, p = 0.01) and knee extension (Δ% = 12%, p = 0.04). In addition, the put on and remove a t-shirt test (Δ% = -7.19%, p = 0.018) and the GDLAM Index (Δ% = -8.53%, p = 0.014) of functional autonomy. It is concluded that the resistance training program was effective for the case study, as improved functional autonomy, the muscle strength of the legs, and the fat percentage of the volunteer.

The effect of ballroom dance on balance and functional autonomy among the isolated elderly

The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a ballroom dancing program on the functional autonomy and physical balance of institutionalized elderly individuals. The study enrolled 75 sedentary elderly subjects from long-term institutions who were randomly divided into a ballroom dance program group (EG; n=39) and a control group (CG; n=36). The protocol of the Latin American Group for Maturity (GDLAM) was used to evaluate functional autonomy. Physical balance was analyzed using a stabilometer and posture meter platforms. The level of significance in statistical tests was set at p<0.05. Regarding the physical balance evaluation, only the members of the EG achieved a significant reduction in weight (Δ=−0.98kg) following the experiment, both in the intragroup (p=0.002) and in the intergroup analysis (p=0.012). In the evaluation of functional autonomy, only the EG showed a significant reduction in the execution time of all the tests and in the GDLAM index: GI (Δ=−6.99), both in the intragroup (p<0.001) and in the intergroup analysis (p=0.011). Thus, it can be inferred that sedentary elderly individuals who are residents of long-term institutions can improve their functional autonomy and balance with a ballroom dance program.

Autonomia funcional de idosas praticantes de Pilates

O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do método Pilates na autonomia funcional de idosas. Foram selecionadas 52 voluntárias, submetidas à avaliação geral e ao protocolo de avaliação da autonomia funcional do Grupo Latino-Americano de Desenvolvimento para Maturidade (GDLAM), que consiste em cinco testes (caminhada de 10 m, levantar-se da posição sentada, levantar-se da cadeira e locomover-se pela casa, levantar-se da posição de decúbito ventral e vestire tirar uma camiseta); em seguida, foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo Pilates (GP, n=27; idade 66,9±5,3 anos) e grupo controle (GC, n=25; idade 65,2±3,9 anos). O GP foi submetido a uma série de dez exercícios de Pilates, por oito semanas, duas vezes por semana. Os dois grupos foram reavaliados após esse período. O nível de significância considerado foi de p?0,05. O GP obteve resultados significativamente melhores em todos os testes e no índice geral do GDLAM (p=0,035) após a intervenção. O GC obteve escore significativamente melhor (p=0,042) apenas no teste de caminhada de 10 m, tendo mantido sua classificação inicial de funcionalidade regular. Comparando-se os escores dos grupos após a intervenção, encontraram-se diferenças significativas em favor do GP, inclusive no índice GDLAM (p&lt;0,05), tendo este passado da classificação de regular a bom. A prática do método Pilates gerou pois melhora significativa do desempenho funcional das idosas estudadas.

Efeitos de um programa de caminhada sob os níveis de autonomia funcional de idosas monitoradas pelo programa saúde da família

OBJETIVO: verificar os efeitos de um programa de caminhada sobre os níveis de autonomia funcional de idosas participantes do Programa Saúde da Família. MÉTODOS: Para este estudo experimental, a amostra foi aleatoriamente dividida em: grupo experimental (GE; n=58, idade:67±6 anos) e grupo controle (GC; n=40; idade:70±6 anos). Todas eram fisicamente ativas, porém sem um rigor na regularidade do programa de atividade física. A autonomia funcional foi avaliada pela bateria de testes do Grupo de Desenvolvimento Latino-Americano para a Maturidade (GDLAM), composta de: caminhar 10m (C10m), levantar-se da posição sentada (LPS), levantar-se da posição de decúbito ventral (LPDV), levantar-se da cadeira e locomover-se pela a casa (LCLC) e o teste de vestir e tirar uma camiseta (VTC). Esses testes resultam no índice de GDLAM (IG). O programa de intervenção foi realizado em frequência semanal de três vezes, com intensidade que variava entre 55% a 75% da frequência cardíaca máxima. RESULTADOS: Na análise intragrupos, pôde-se observar melhora significativa no GE, em todos os testes do GDLAM e no IG (Δ=-4,13; p=0,0001); entretanto, o GC obteve uma piora significativa em todos os testes do GDLAM e no IG (Δ=+0,05; p=0,0001). Na comparação intergrupos, o GE mostrou-se superior ao GC em todos os testes (p&lt;0,05) e no IG (Δ=-8,23; p=0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: Pode-se inferir que o GE, após ter se submetido à atividade de caminhada regular e controlada, obteve melhora do nível de autonomia funcional, quando comparado ao inicial e ao do GC. Número de registro clínico: NCT00981734.

Comparison of the degree of flexibility and autonomy in elderly women practicing of tai chi e sedentary

This study compares level of fl exibility and functional autonomy in elderly women with .X = 72,61±4,04 years old, participant a tai chi program of Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ) and a sedentary group of a social project. Was used GDLAM protocol for functional autonomy and goniometry (DANTAS, 1999). The descriptive statistical used (.%). FCL 0,85%; FQ 0,34%; FJ 2,87%; for functional autonomy was: C10M = 26,82%; LCLC = 14,75%;LPS = 21,45%; LPDV = 29,41%. The distribution was considered normal by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The GDLAM index was regular for both groups. The tai chi practice improves functional autonomy levels for participants compared with sedentary group.

GDLAM’S protocol of functional autonomy evaluation

The present study had the aim to establish a functional autonomy evaluation protocol throughout tests related with the realization of the activities of daily living (ADL). The sample was formed of 275 old women (`C = 66.33 ± 4.69 years old), volun- taries and independent on the ADL. Tests of functional autonomy evaluation protocol by Latin-American Development to the Maturity Group (GDLAM'S Protocol) were used. GDLAM'S Protocol was formed for C10m, LPS, LPDV and LCLC tests. The statistical analysis made by Quartiles established the autonomy GDLAM index (IG). The IG showed scores classifi ed on poor (+28.54), regular (28.54- 25.25), good (25.24-22.18) and very good (-22.18). The study admitted the level of p<0.05 for statistic signifi cance.