GC Tooth Mousse Plus Research Articles

PH Changes Before and After Treatment with GC Tooth Mousse Plus on Non-Carious and Carious Teeth in Children - A Clinical Trial

pH Changes Before and After Treatment with GC Tooth Mousse Plus on Non-Carious and Carious Teeth in Children - A Clinical Trial

Evaluation of the remineralizing efficacy of GC Tooth Mousse Plus and Enafix using surface microhardness and surface roughness analysis in deciduous molars: an in vitro study

Aim: To compare and evaluate using surface microhardness measurement, and surface roughness analysis in deciduous molars using GC Tooth Mousse Plus and Enafix. Material and methodology: A four-equal window acid resistant varnish was placed around the exposed enamel surface of forty removed deciduous molars before they were submerged in a demineralizing solution and remineralized for weeks using Tooth Mousse Plus and Enafix. Statistical Analysis Used: One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Turkey test (P<0.05) were used Results: Following 4 weeks of remineralization, all specimens underwent SEM analysis and revealed indications of thickening of their inter-rod material. Tooth Mousse Plus also revealed pronounced remineralization evidence. Enafix demonstrated greater resistance to breakdown during the last acid exposure. Surface micro hardness (SMH) and surface roughness (Ra) both showed comparable results, with a noticeable decrease in roughness values and an increase in microhardness values, while Enafix showed a greater source of remineralization and Tooth Mousse Plus showed a greater resistance to the final acid challenge. Conclusion: Enafix has demonstrated superior resistance to the final acid trial, whereas superior remineralization property was seen in GC Tooth Mousse Plus.

Comparative Evaluation of the Increase in Enamel Hardness Post-External Bleaching after Using Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Fluoride (CPP-ACPF) and 5% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) Remineralizing Agents.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the increase in enamel hardness post-external bleaching after remineralized with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) and the difference in increased enamel hardness between CPP-ACPF and NaF materials. The study was true experimental in vitro using 30 samples of mandibular premolars. All samples were bleached using 40% hydrogen peroxide. The samples were divided into three groups of 10 samples each; group I as a control without application of remineralization material, group II was given an application of CPP-ACPF (GC Tooth Mousse Plus: GC Europe, Lot #201130B), and group III was given an application of 5% NaF (Clinpro White Varnish: 3M ESPE, Lot #NA62322) Then the entire samples were stored in artificial saliva. The hardness of the samples was measured using a Vickers hardness tester before bleaching, after bleaching, and after remineralization for 7, 14, and 21 days. Analysis of the data used was an analysis of variance test to assess differences in the increase in enamel hardness between groups and paired t-tests and to determine differences in enamel hardness in each group. This study showed that there was an increase in the enamel hardness after bleaching which was remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% NaF. There was a difference in the increased enamel hardness between teeth remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% NaF. The enamel hardness of CPP-ACPF was higher compared with 5% NaF after remineralization of 7, 14, and 21 days. There was an increase in the enamel hardness after external bleaching that was remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF). There was a difference in the increased enamel hardness between teeth remineralized with CPP-ACPF and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF). CPP-ACPF showed a higher enamel hardness value than 5% NaF.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF REMINERALIZING POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE REMINERALIZING AGENTS : AN IN VITRO SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY/EDS STUDY

Background - Modern dentistry aims at non-invasive & biological approach using remineralizing agents for management of early carious lesion. Aim- To evaluate and compare the remineralizing potential of three commercially available remineralizing agents containing SDF(Fagamin), CPP-ACPF(GC Tooth Mousse Plus) and BiominF(Elsenz) on demineralized enamel. Material and methods- Samples from forty extracted premolar teeth were selected and subjected to demineralizing solution for 96 hrs to create white spot lesion. The demineralized samples were randomly allocated into four groups:Group I(control group), Group II(SDF),Group III(CPPACPF),Group IV(Elsenz). White spot lesion containing demineralized samples were subjected to the test agents for 5 minutes everyday for 30 days. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were carried out at pre-remineralization and post-remineralization stage. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software Statistical Analysis- with one-way ANOVA and paired t-test. Results- All three test agents showed signicant remineralization of previously demineralized lesions. However, Elsenz showed the greatest remineralization, followed by SDF and then CPP-ACPF paste. Elsenz proved to be Conclusion- the best remineralizing agent and can be strongly recommended as an alternative to other remineralizing agents used in this study.

A Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Film Loaded with AFCP Nanoparticles for Inhibiting Formation of Enamel White Spot Lesions.

ObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of mineralizing film consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and amorphous fluorinated calcium phosphate (AFCP) nanoparticles on enamel white spot lesions (WSLs).Material and MethodsThe AFCP nanoparticles and mineralizing film were prepared via nanoprecipitation and solvent evaporation, respectively. They were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and fluoride ion selective electrode. Thirty-two human enamel slices (4 mm × 4 mm × 1.5 mm) were highly polished and randomly assigned to four groups: negative control (no treatment); pure HPMC film; mineralizing film; GC Tooth Mousse Plus® (contains 10% CPP-ACP and 0.2% NaF). Subsequently, samples were challenged by a modified pH-cycling and characterized by color measurement, Micro-CT, SEM/EDX, and nanoindentation.ResultsThe mineralizing film could sustain release of Ca, P and F ions over 24 h and maintain AFCP nanoparticles in metastable state over 8~12 h. During 4 weeks of pH cycling, the mineralizing film group exhibited least color change (∆E), mineral loss and lesion depth (120 ± 10 µm) among four groups (p < 0.05). SEM findings revealed that the porosities among enamel crystals increased in negative control and pure HPMC film groups after pH cycling, whereas in mineralizing film group, the original microstructure of enamel was well conserved and mineral deposits were detected between enamel prisms. Mineralizing film group demonstrated a least reduction of nanomechanical properties such as elastic modulus of 77.02 ± 6.84 GPa and hardness of 3.62 ± 0.57 GPa (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe mineralizing film might be a promising strategy for prevention and management of WSLs via inhibiting enamel demineralization and promoting enamel remineralization.

Tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate prevents biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

BackgroundStreptococcus mutans is a common cariogenic bacterium in the oral cavity involved in plaque formation. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) has been introduced into tooth mousse to encourage remineralization of dental enamel. The aim of this research was to study the effect of tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse®) or CPP-ACP with 0.2% fluoride (CPP-ACPF; GC Tooth Mousse Plus®; GCP) on S. mutans planktonic growth and biofilm formation.MethodsS. mutans was cultivated in the presence of different dilutions of the tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP or CPP-ACPF, and the planktonic growth was determined by ATP viability assay and counting colony-forming units (CFUs). The resulting biofilms were examined by crystal violet staining, MTT metabolic assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM).ResultsThe CPP-ACP tooth mousse (GC) at a dilution of 5–50 mg/ml (0.5–5%) did not inhibit planktonic growth, and even increased the ATP content and the number of viable bacteria after a 24 h incubation. The same was observed for the CPP-ACPF tooth mousse (GCP), except for the higher concentrations (25 and 50 mg/ml) that led to a drop in the bacterial count. Importantly, both compounds significantly decreased S. mutans biofilm formation at dilutions as low as 1.5–3 mg/ml. 12.5 mg/ml GC and 6.25 mg/ml GCP inhibited biofilm formation by 90% after 4 h. After 24 h, the MBIC90 was 6.25 mg/ml for both. CLSM images confirmed the strong inhibitory effect GC and GCP had on biofilm formation when using 5 mg/ml tooth mousse. SEM images of those bacteria that managed to form biofilm in the presence of 5 mg/ml tooth mousse, showed alterations in the bacterial morphology, where the streptococci appear 25–30% shorter on the average than the control bacteria.ConclusionOur data show that the tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP reduces biofilm formation of the cariogenic bacterium S. mutans without killing the bacteria. The use of natural substances which inhibit biofilm development without killing the bacteria, has therapeutic benefits, especially in orthodontic pediatric patients.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride, Sodium Fluoride and GC Tooth Mousse Plus and Fluoride Varnish as an Antibacterial Agent in Childhood Caries: As a Literature Review

Background: In preventive dentistry, it is important for the need to prevent rather than to treat early childhood caries and to improve the types of fluoride and application to see if the comparative efficacy is sufficient or insufficient because every type can relieve and give comfort to patients. Aims: To compare the effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF), fluoride varnish, fluoride gel and GC tooth mousse plus on Streptococcus mutants bacterial load. To evaluate the effect on the types of fluoride on caries. To compare the effect of prevention’s of early childhood caries by using different types of fluoride. Searching the databases using the keywords: sodium diamine fluoride; GC tooth mousse; fluoride varnish; fluoride gel; early childhood caries; caries; varnish; prevention. Materials and methods: 2010-December 2018, databases which were searched: MEDLINE via Ovid, Web of science, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Dental specialties: pediatrics, oral preventive. Foreigner languages, editorials, letter to the editor, experimental studies with animals and Short communications were excluded from this review. Results: 2 studies assessed un-clear and need further research of SDF. 5 studies assessed that 12% of SDF has no effect but 38% has an effect with dentin and enamel with black staining as a disadvantage. 1 study showed that SDF is safe and effective compared to fluoride varnish, 2 studies showed that tooth mousse is recommended for early child caries without mentioning SDF and 3 studies found that it decreases the growth of mutants and aids in the remineralization of both enamel and dentin structure. Conclusion: To sum up this study silver diamine fluoride is effective and safe to use for preventing childhood caries than silver fluoride, GC tooth mousse and fluoride varnish, which saves time with increase accuracy and patient satisfaction.

Experiences of oral health: before, during and after becoming a regular user of GC Tooth Mousse Plus\xae

BackgroundClinical trials and laboratory studies from around the world have shown that GC Tooth Mousse Plus® (TMP) is effective in protecting teeth from tooth decay and erosion, buffering dental plaque pH, remineralising white spot lesions and reducing dentine hypersensitivity. However, no other study has assessed the experiences of oral health, before, during and after individuals becoming regular users of TMP. The aim of this study was to identify how participants’ oral health status changed after introducing TMP into their oral hygiene routine.MethodsA qualitative study using Charmaz’s grounded theory methodology was conducted. Fifteen purposively sampled regular users of TMP were interviewed. Transcripts were analysed after each interview. Data analysis consisted of transcript coding, detailed memo writing, and data interpretation.ResultsParticipants described their experiences of oral health and disease, before, during and after introducing TMP into their daily oral hygiene routine, together with the historical, biological, financial, psychosocial, and habitual dimensions of their experiences. Before becoming a regular user of TMP, participants described themselves as having a damaged mouth with vulnerable teeth, dry mouth, and sensitivity. Various aspects of participants’ histories were relevant, such as, family history and history of oral disease. Having a damaged mouth with vulnerable teeth, dry mouth and sensitivity was explained by those elements. Despite some initial barriers, once being prescribed TMP by a dental professional, a three-fold process of change was initiated: starting a new oral hygiene routine, persevering daily, and experiencing reinforcing outcomes. This process led to a fundamental lifestyle change. Participants transitioned from having a damaged mouth with vulnerable teeth to having a comfortable mouth with strong teeth; at the same time participants felt empowered by this newly found status of being able to keep their teeth for life. Barriers and facilitators for incorporating TMP on daily oral hygiene routine were also identified.ConclusionsParticipants valued having a comfortable mouth with strong teeth, which did not require repeated restorations. Seeing concrete results in their mouths and experiencing a more comfortable mouth boosted adherence to daily applications of TMP, which was maintained over time.

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of the desensitizing and remineralizing agent in the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity after orthodontic debonding - a randomized clinical trial.

IntroductionEnamel loss is a common problem during various orthodontic procedures. The study aims to compare the efficacy of a desensitizer and remineralizer in the reduction of the dentin hypersensitivity (DH) associated with enamel microcracks after orthodontic debonding.MethodsA unicentric two arm parallel study with 30 subjects randomly assigned to each groups following debonding. Group-1 subjects were treated with Gluma® desensitizer (5% glutaraldehyde and 35% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)) and the Group-2 intervention included a remineralizing agent GC Tooth Mousse Plus® (casein phospho peptide and amorphous calcium Fluro phosphate (CPP:ACFP)). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was utilized to evaluate DH as subjective perception of pain following the Air blast test and Cold test. The VAS scale was indexed from 0–10 markings based on the intensity of perception. Five different time points T0 and T1 - immediately after debonding and intervention on day 1, T2 – 48 hours, and T3 after 72 hours were taken for the assessment of VAS scores.ResultsThe VAS scores for the airblast test for group 1 were (2.73, 0, 0.06, 0.03) and group 2 (2.46, 0, 0.16, 0.13) at different periods. The sensitivity scores for the cold blast test for group 1 were (2.73, 0, 0.13, 0.03) and for group 2 (2.46, 0, 0.16, 0.13). There was 98 percent reduction in DH between T0 and T3 and was statistically significant (p<0.05) for both the groups.ConclusionGluma® desensitizer and GC Tooth Mousse Plus® are equally effective in the reduction of DH in the orthodontic patient following debonding.

Remineralization potential of GC Tooth Mousse and GC Tooth Mousse plus on initial caries like lesion of primary Teeth – An in-vitro comparative evaluation

Aim: Teeth are constantly going through cycles of demineralization and remineralization. The ultimate goal of clinical intervention is the preservation of tooth structure and the prevention of lesion progression to the point where restoration is required. Thus promoting remineralization is the ultimate goal of clinical prevention of caries lesion. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the efficacy of GC Tooth Mousse (CPP-ACP) and GC Tooth Mousse Plus (CPP-ACP)F on artificial enamel caries in primary human teeth.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods and Material: Sixty freshly extracted human primary anterior teeth were used in this study.&#x0D; The root portion of 60 primary anterior teeth was separated from the crown portion at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)&#x0D; Teeth samples were divided into 3 Groups (n=20 each). Group 1 as a control group, Group 2 GC Tooth Mousse, and Group 3 Tooth Mousse Plus containing dentifrices were used. Samples were subjected to 10 days of pH cycling protocol.&#x0D; The changes were analyzed using Vickers Hardness Testing Machine and SEM.&#x0D; &#x0D; Pre and post groups were compared by paired t-test. Independent groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance.&#x0D; &#x0D; Result: &#x0D; Micro-morphological observations of the enamel surfaces with SEM :&#x0D; Group 1 the enamel scanning showed shallow depressions and fine porosities within these depressions, Group 2 showed numerous granular particles and amorphous crystals which were arranged on the enamel surface. Smooth, homogeneous surface, and no irregularities were seen in Group 3.&#x0D; Surface Microhardness Evaluation&#x0D; After treatment, the mean hardness Group III was the highest followed by Group II and Group I (i.e. Group I &lt; Group II &lt; Group III).&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: GC Tooth Mousse Plus showed a statistically significant amount of remineralization.

Comparative Evaluation of Two Remineralizing Agents on Enamel around Orthodontic Brackets: An in vitro Study:

Objective: This study was designed to compare the relative efficiency of GC, Tooth Mousse, which contains 10% ACP-CPP and GC Tooth Mousse Plus which contains amorphous calcium phosphate casein phosphopeptide (ACP-CPP) with sodium fluoride 0.2% w/w (900 ppm) to inhibit enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets in vitro. Materials and methods: Forty-five non-carious, human maxillary premolars with no visible enamel defects were collected and bonded with stainless pre-adjusted stainless steel premolar brackets with light-cure composite resin. The teeth were randomly assigned into three groups of 15 teeth and each group coded with unique colored nail varnish leaving a rectangular window extending occlusally. The teeth in each group were immersed separately in an artificial saliva solution for 11 hours and an acid solution for 1 hour maintained at room temperature. Group I, control group did not receive any application, as Groups II and III received GC Tooth Mousse and GC Tooth Mousse Plus respectively. The teeth were immersed alternately in the saliva and acid solution for 31 days. Two sections, each approximately 0.5 mm thick were obtained from each specimen. The sections were photographed with a polarized light microscope at 4× magnification. The depths of demineralized enamel in each section were measured at three sites. Results: The results of this study showed that GC Tooth Mousse Plus on daily application will provide maximum protection against the enamel demineralization in orthodontic patients, by reducing the lesion formation and simultaneously remineralizing the demineralized area by providing calcium phosphate ions and fluoride ions constantly. Conclusion: GC Tooth Mousse Plus (ACP-CPPF) showed better efficiency in reducing the demineralization and enhancing the remineralization around the orthodontic brackets and have maximum benefit compared to GC Tooth Mousse with good patient compliance.

The Effectiveness of Remineralizing Agents on Dentinal Permeability.

The effectiveness of remineralizing agents in reducing dentine permeability by tubule occlusion using fluid filtration device functioning at 100 cmH2O (1.4 psi) pressure and SEM/EDX analysis were evaluated and compared. Seventy (n = 70) dentine discs of 1±0.2 mm width were prepared from sound permanent human molars. Fifty (n = 50) dentine discs were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10): Group 1: GC Tooth Mousse Plus (Recaldent GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan), Group 2: Clinpro™ White Varnish (3M ESPE, USA), Group 3: Duraphat® Varnish (Pharbil Waltrop GmbH, Germany), Group 4: Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief™ dentifrice (Colgate Palmolive, Thailand), and Group 5: Biodentine™ (Septodont/UK). Dentine permeability was measured after treatment application at 10 minutes, artificial saliva immersion at 7 days, and citric acid challenge for 3 minutes. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Dentine specimens (n = 20) were used for SEM/EDX analyses to obtain qualitative results on dentine morphology and surface deposits. Each treatment agent significantly reduced dentine permeability immediately after treatment application and created precipitates on treated dentine surfaces. All agents increased permeability values after 7 days of artificial saliva immersion except Clinpro White Varnish and Biodentine. Clinpro White Varnish exhibited significant resistance to acid challenge compared to others. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief dentifrice has a dual mechanism of action in reducing the dentine sensitivity.

GC Tooth Mousse Plus: A potential storage media for avulsed teeth

Context: Avulsion injury is a severe form of dental trauma. Due to the complexity of this injury, the neurovascular supply is severely compromised and usually results in the loss of pulp vitality. A variety of factors can influence the success of replantation especially the storage media and storage period. Casein phosphopeptides are derived from casein which accounts for 80% of the total protein in bovine milk. They can function as carriers for several minerals especially calcium and also have known to have antibacterial properties. Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of GC Tooth Mousse Plus in comparison with chilled Homogenous pasteurized whole milk as a storage media. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy premolars that are extracted for orthodontic purpose will be divided into three groups: (1) Group A: Control (Saline), (2) Group B: Positive control (Chilled Homogenous milk), (3) Group C: Experimental (GC Tooth Mouse Plus). These groups were further divided into two subgroups, each indicating storage period of 30 min and 60 min. The periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability will be checked using tryphan blue staining. Results: Data were analyzed using Student's t-test. Conclusion: GC Tooth Mousse Plus can be used as a storage media to prevent desiccation of PDL cells up to the duration of 60 min.

A Polarized Light Microscopic Study to Comparatively evaluate Four Remineralizing Agents on Enamel viz CPP-ACPF, ReminPro, SHY-NM and Colgate Strong Teeth.

ABSTRACTAim: To compare and evaluate the remineralizing potential of four commercially available products namely SHY-NM, GC Tooth Mousse Plus, ReminPro and Colgate strong teeth on demineralized human teeth.Materials and methods: The study included 50 extracted premolars having 3 × 3 mm window prepared on the middle third of the tooth, which was then subjected to demineralization for 48 hours at 37°C. Teeth were randomly selected and grouped into five study groups of 10 teeth in each. Each group was treated with respective remineralizing agent and sectioned using hard-tissue microtome. Each section obtained was visualized under polarized light microscope and analyzed using Image J software.Results: The statistically evaluated results revealed that SHY-NM has the most remineralizing potential followed by ReminPro, GC Tooth Mousse Plus and fluoridated toothpaste.Conclusion: Based on the study, the SHY-NM was superior to the GC Tooth Mousse Plus, ReminPro and Colgate strong teeth on demineralized human teeth.How to cite this article: Rajan R, Krishnan R, Bhaskaran B, Kumar SV. A Polarized Light Microscopic Study to Comparatively evaluate Four Remineralizing Agents on Enamel viz CPP-ACPF, ReminPro, SHY-NM and Colgate Strong Teeth. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(1):42-47.

Clinical Evaluation of Enamel Demineralization during Orthodontic Treatment: An in vivo Study using GC Tooth Mousse Plus

Clinical Evaluation of Enamel Demineralization during Orthodontic Treatment: An in vivo Study using GC Tooth Mousse Plus

Clinical Evaluation of Enamel Demineralization during Orthodontic Treatment: An in vivo Study using GC Tooth Mousse Plus

Aims and objectives: Fixed orthodontic treatment makes oral hygiene procedures difficult and may result in enamel demine ralization. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) with fluorides (GC Tooth Mousse Plus) reduces the incidence of enamel demineralization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of GC Tooth Mousse Plus application, on enamel demineralization in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Methodology: Thirty subjects seeking orthodontic treatment were selected from patients visiting Department of Orthodontics in AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. The subjects were divided into test and control group, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) evaluation was done to compare level of surface roughness on samples of both the groups. Results: No white spot lesion was clinically appreciable in either test or control group. After extracting the teeth, SEM ima ges of surface of the teeth was graded and statistically eva luated with Pearson’s Chi-square and likelihood ratio test. The results were significant with p-value below 0.001 which indicated increased surface roughness in controls compared to the test group patients.

Comparison of Effect of Fluoride Varnish, Fluoride-releasing Composite, and Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate Fluoride on Demineralization around Brackets: An in vivo Study

Introduction: White spot lesions are a major problem in orthodontic patients as they compromise esthetics. They are the result of decalcification of enamel that occurs around brackets. This in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three different forms of topical fluoride on enamel demineralization adjacent to bonded brackets. Materials and methods: A total of 24 patients who needed extraction of at least two premolars for orthodontic reasons were selected. In each patient, one premolar was the test tooth and the other was the control. Brackets were bonded but only the test teeth received topical fluoride, that is, Transbond PLUS Color Change Adhesive, bifluoride12, GC Tooth Mousse Plus. The premolars were extracted after 80 to 90 days, and buccolingual sections 50 to 70 μm in thickness were evaluated with polarized light microscopy. The mean depth of demineralization in each lesion was measured using the software Image Pro Plus. Results: The difference between the values of the depth of demineralization in the experimental and control samples of all groups was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was a 43.3% reduction in the lesion depth in the transbond plus group. There was a 67.4% reduction in the lesion depth in the GC tooth mousse group. There was a 70% reduction in the lesion depth in the bifluoride varnish group. Conclusion: Enamel demineralization around brackets is signi­ ficantly reduced by all the three materials used in this study. The highest amount of lesion depth reduction was seen in the Bifluoride varnish group. Transbond plus, was the least effective among the three materials used.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON CALCIUM RELEASE FROM ENAMEL AFTER TREATMENT WITH VARIOUS REMINERALIZING AGENTS AT A PH 4.5 : AN ATOMIC ABSORBTION SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS

Focus of this study was to compare the amount of calcium released from enamel treated with different remineralizing agents at pH 4.5 using atomic spectrophotometric analysis. The present study was designed to assess the calcium release from enamel when subjected to an acid challenge. Enamel samples were divided into four groups of which intact enamel served the purpose of control group and other three groups were based on the remineralizing agents used (CPP-ACP [GC Tooth Mousse], CPP-ACPF [GC Tooth Mousse Plus], 0.044 % Sodium Fluoride [Phosflur]). All the groups of enamel samples were initially demineralized and followed up with remineralisation by adopting the pH cycling model. Acetate buffer was prepared at a specific pH of 4.5. The enamel samples were subjected to acid challenge in presence of a magnetic stirrer and buffer solution were pipetted at specific time intervals for pH 4.5. The solutions collected were transferred into sterile containers and subjected to atomic spectrometry analysis.

Prevention of enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment: An in vitro comparative study

Enamel demineralization is considered to be the most prevalent and significant iatrogenic effect associated with fixed orthodontic treatment and can seriously jeopardize both tooth longevity and dental esthetics. This in vitro study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of four different commercially available surface treatment medicaments for the inhibition of enamel demineralization. Seventy-five intact maxillary premolars extracted from patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were divided into five equal groups and were subjected to one of the following protocols: no treatment (control group) or treatment with one of the following four medicaments: fluoride varnish (Fluor Protector [FP]), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (GC Tooth Mousse [TM]), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (SHY-NM), and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (GC Tooth Mousse Plus [TMP]). All the teeth were subjected to ten Cate demineralization solution?for 96 hours and subsequently evaluated under polarized light microscopy to obtain the mean depths of enamel demineralization. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni comparison tests were used to obtain statistically significant differences between the five different groups at P < .05. All four surface treatment medicaments provided statistically significant reduction in the depths of enamel demineralization as compared with the control group. FP provided the greatest protection of enamel surface in terms of reduction of lesion depth, followed by TMP, SHY-NM, and TM. The use of these commercially available medicaments could prove to be beneficial for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and who are at a risk for developing enamel decalcification.

A CLINICAL COMPARISON of IN -OFFICE MANAGEMENT OF DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN A SHORT TERM TREATMENT PERIOD

Objective: To determine the differences in efficiency of four desensitizing agents in relieving dentin hypersensitivity in a time period of 2 weeks. Material and methods: 50 participants who responded positively to intraoral testing for dentin hypersensitivity using a split-mouth-designed study were recruited for the study. Sensitivity was assessed by means of thermal and thermal/evaporative stimuli using VAS (visual analogue scale). After recording the baseline scores, the patients were randomly assigned to treatment with the desensitising agents -Clinpro XT varnish (Group I), Gluma power gel (Group II), Bifluoride 12 varnish (Group III) , GC Tooth Mousse plus (Group IV). After 10 minutes the patient’s responses was recorded. The follow-up was done after 1week and again after 2 weeks from the time of application of the agents. Results: All the four desensitizing agents were successful in relieving the sensitivity of the patients. Multiple group comparison between groups showed highly significant differences, GroupI showed maximum effectiveness followed by Group IV, Group II,& Group III after 10mins. The effectiveness of agents after 1 week was in the same order. However after 2 weeks it was seen that group I was most effective followed by group II & group IV, with Group III being the least effective. Conclusion: Dental professionals need to understand the causes of dentin hypersensitivity.Once a diagnosis has been made and the factors have been identified a treatment plan can be outlined to the patient for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.