GC-MS Analysis Of Essential Oil Research Articles

Encapsulation of ginger oleoresin with a combination of maltodextrin and skim milk powder as wall material

Ginger oleoresin has active ingredients that are very sensitive to temperature, light, process and storage conditions. Its thick and sticky physical properties also make it difficult in application and handling. Encapsulation is the solution to overcome this problem. The purpose of this study is to select the concentration of maltodextrin and skim milk powder as wall material, the ratio of emulsifier to oleoresin, and to determine the best formulation affected by the ratio of wall material to oleoresin on the characteristics of encapsulated ginger oleoresin. The best formula for encapsulation is from the ratio of maltodextrin and skim milk powder 0.5 : 1.0 as wall material and oleoresin concentration is 15% of the wall material. This treatment resulted in 92.31% encapsulation efficiency. Increase of maltodextrin concentration leads to increase emulsion viscosity, decrease emulsion stability and increase solubility in water, meanwhile increase of skim milk powder and oleoresin concentration leads to increase the encapsulation efficiency. GC-MS analysis of essential oils in oleoresin and in microcapsules show that there is no different composition of active compounds. The application of ginger oleoresin microcapsules on instant ginger tested by hedonic test found that the highest score consisted of 0.3 g of microcapsules in formula.

Productivity of Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) In Different Locations of Egypt

Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth, yield and essential oil constituents of savory at three different locations across Egypt (El-Minya, El-Sharkia and Sinai). Plants cultivated in El-Sharkia showed significantly higher values of plant height, number of branches and herb fresh and dry weights. Also, the highest quality was observed on plant cultivated in El-Sharkia region. Thirty one main compounds were detected in GC-MS analysis of essential oil. There were obvious differences in chemical constituents of essential oil of plants cultivated under different locations. The main components were a-Terpinene and Carvacrol. The highest a-Terpinene and Carvacrol were observed also in plants cultivated in El-Sharkia. These results suggested that agro-climatic zone is very important for maximizing the content and composition of essential oils.Further studies are still needed to determine the precise factors of agro-climatic zoning which could be important strategies for optimizing the yield and quality.

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and GC-MS analysis of essential oil from Cyperus Corymbosus rottb. rhizome

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and GC-MS analysis of essential oil from Cyperus Corymbosus rottb. rhizome

GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Contents and Physical Properties of Essential Oil of Eucalyptus grandis from PT. Toba Pulp Lestari

Essential oils are volatile oils with different compositions according to their source of production and comprise a mixture of substances having different chemical and physical properties. One of the plants containing essential oil is Eucalyptus grandis grown at PT Toba Pulp Lestari (Indonesian company). The purpose of this work is to know the chemical contents and physical properties of essential oil from Eucalyptus grandis as well as to utilize unused leaves at PT. Toba Pulp Lestari to serve as an essential oil. The essential oil of Eucalyptus grandis leaves was extracted using hydrodistillation method, then essential oil is analyzed by GC-MS. The essential oil of Eucalyptus grandis leaves was obtained 0.4 %. The physical properties test with determination of density and refractive index of essential oil respectively were obtained at 0.9143 and 1.4653 nD at 29.4 ºC. The results of GC-MS analysis of essential oil showed 12 components viz. α-pinene (45.21 %), camphene (1.38 %), β-pinene (1.11 %), camphogen (0.74 %), 1,8-cineole (36.55 %), α-campholene aldehyde (0.73 % ), pinocarvone (0.83 %), α-terpineol (8.87 %), β-caryophyllene (1.72 %), spathulenol (0.84 %), elemol (0.85 % ) and 1-nonadecene (1.17 %).

Interspecies comparative features of trichomes in Ocimum reveal insights for biosynthesis of specialized essential oil metabolites.

Ocimum species commonly referred to as "Tulsi" are well-known for their distinct medicinal and aromatic properties. The characteristic aroma of Ocimum species and cultivars is attributed to their specific combination of volatile phytochemicals mainly belonging to terpenoid and/or phenylpropanoid classes in their essential oils. The essential oil constituents are synthesized and sequestered in specialized epidermal secretory structures called as glandular trichomes. In this comparative study, inter- and intra-species diversity in structural attributes and profiles of expression of selected genes related to terpenoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways have been investigated. This is performed to seek relationship of variations in the yield and phytochemical composition of the essential oils. Microscopic analysis of trichomes of O. basilicum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharicum, and O. tenuiflorum (green and purple cultivars) revealed substantial variations in density, size, and relative proportions of peltate and capitate trichomes among them. The essential oil yield has been observed to be controlled by the population, dominance, and size of peltate and capitate glandular trichomes. The essential oil sequestration in leaf is controlled by the dominance of peltate glandular trichome size over its number and is also affected by the capitate glandular trichome size/number with variations in leaf area albeit at lower proportions. Comprehension and comparison of results of GC-MS analysis of essential oils showed that most of the Ocimum (O. basilicum, O. tenuiflorum, and O. gratissimum) species produce phenylpropanoids (eugenol, methyl chavicol) as major volatiles except O. kilimandscharicum, which is discrete in being monoterpenoid-rich species. Among the phenylpropanoid-enriched Ocimum (O. basilicum, O. gratissimum, O. tenuiflorum purple, O. tenuiflorum green) as well, terpenoids were important constituents in imparting characteristic aroma. Further, comparative abundance of transcripts of key genes of phenylpropanoid (PAL, C4H, 4CL, CAD, COMT, and ES) and terpenoid (DXS and HMGR) biosynthetic pathways was evaluated vis-à-vis volatile oil constituents. Transcript abundance demonstrated that richness of their essential oils with specific constituent(s) of a chemical group/subgroup was manifested by the predominant upregulation of phenylpropanoid/terpenoid pathway genes. The study provides trichomes as well as biosynthetic pathway-based knowledge for genetic improvement in Ocimum species for essential oil yield and quality.

Assessment of Intra-Specific Variation in Essential Oil Composition in Amomum subulatum Roxb. Cultivated in Uttarakhand, India

Large cardamom <em>(Amomum subulatum)</em> is native to Sikkim Himalaya and is important cash crop grown under the forest canopy. It thrives well between altitudes of 600 to 2000 m having an annual rainfall of 2500 to 5000 mm. Due to similar climatic condition and economic potential of the species, its cultivation was also started in Uttarakhand. Present study was design to analysis <em>the</em> chemical composition of essential oil and major compounds present in essential oil of capsule of A.<em>subulatum</em> grown in different agro-climatic region of Uttarakhand. The essential oil of 07 plant sample collected from different agro-climatic zones of Uttarakhand was analyzed through Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS).The aroma analysis of chemicals present in essential oil was also carried out by two-fold, step wise dilution with dichloromethane. Oil yield was found between 2.5% to 3% for the sample of different agro-climatic regions. A total of 31 compounds were identified through Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. 1-8 Cineol with 68% to 82.0% was the most dominant compound in all the samples. Other major compounds are 4-trimethyl (1.87% to 4.82%), β-pinene (1.88% to 3.56%), β-Terpineol (1.21% to 3.83%), Nerolidol (0.62% to 2.82%), DL limonene (1.01% to 2.51%) and Limonene (0.98% to 3.82%). Presence of higher concentration of essential oil (%) in all analyzed sample of Uttarakhand indicated that the species grown in Uttarakhand is may be of higher genotype. The GC-MS analysis of essential oil indicates quantitative variations within intra-specific and may attribute to the micro-climate under which the species grown.

A plant from the altiplano of Northern Chile Senecio nutans, inhibits the Vibrio cholerae pathogen.

BackgroundIn the altiplano of Northern Chile the plant Senecio nutans is habitually used as an infusion to relieve the effects of altitude sickness (locally known as “puna”). It is also used to alleviate the bronchitis, whooping cough, asthma, stomachache, tiredness and fever. The extreme conditions under which these plant grow and scientific data that shows the inhibiting potential of the essential oils of plants of the genus Senecio represents great potential in the study of their application to control pathogens like Vibrio Cholera.MethodsThe essential oil from aerial parts of S. nutans was isolated by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition characterized by GC–MS analyses. The antibacterial potential and determination of MIC value, was estimated in both micro and macro dilution method.ResultsThe GC–MS analysis of essential oil of S. nutans showed the presence of methyl cinnamate (44.9 %), p-cymenol (27.2 %), and terpinen-4-ol (6.8 %), α-terpineol (4.1 %), t-cadinol (3.5 %), methyl hydrocinnamate (2.1 %), δ-cadinene (2.0 %), p-cymene (1.9 %), γ-terpinene (1.8 %), α-cadinol (1.6 %), cis-sabinene hydrate (1.1 %), caryophyllene (0.9 %), β-pinene (0.8 %), and α-terpinene (0.6 %) as major components. Moreover, the oil of S. nutans exhibited an important antibacterial activity with a diameter of inhibition zone growth of 22 mm and the MIC value of 0.4 mg/mL against pathogenic bacteria V. cholerae.ConclusionsThe results show for the first time the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of S. nutans against the V. cholerae pathogen, an activity that can be applied as a preventive treatment against the action of pathogen.

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Aralia elata

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Aralia elata

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil from the Flowers of Musa basjoo

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil from the Flowers of Musa basjoo

Chemical composition, antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentials of essential oil of Rumex hastatus D. Don collected from the North West of Pakistan

BackgroundEthnomedicinally Rumex hastatus D. Don has been used since long for various ailments especially in neurological disorders. The reported data and the importance of Rumex genus demonstrate the vital medicinal value of R. hastatus.MethodsIn the current investigational study, isolation of essential oil and its antioxidant and anticholinesterase assays were performed. The essential oil of R. hastatus was analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. The essential oil was evaluated for anticholinesterase and antioxidant assays. The anticholinesterase assay was conducted at various concentrations (62.5 to 1000 μg/ml) against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Similarly, the antioxidant potential was determined using DPPH and ABTS free radicals.ResultsThe GC-MS analysis of essential oil showed 123 components. The result recorded for the anticholinesterase assays demonstrated a marked potential against AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 32.54 and 97.38 μg/ml respectively which were comparable with the positive control i.e., galanthamine (AChE, IC50 = 4.73 μg/ml and BChE, IC50 = 11.09 μg/ml). The antioxidant assays against DPPH and ABTS free radicals also exhibited significant scavenging potential with IC50 values of 3.71 and 6.29 μg/ml respectively, while for ascorbic acid the IC50 value was <0.1 μg/ml against both free radicals.ConclusionsBased on the current investigational studies, it may be concluded that R. hastatus is an effective source of essential oil's components having anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials, which after subjecting to drug development may lead to novel drug candidates against neurodegenerative disorders.

Oxygen radical absorption capacity of Lippia origanoides (thymol and phellandrene chemotypes) and Turnera diffusa essential oils and extracts

Damiana (Turnera diffusa) and Mountain oregano (Lippia origanoides) are shrubs that grow wild in semi-arid terrains of Central and northern South America. Three L. origanoides chemotypes have been found, characterized by their different essential oil main constituents (thymol, carvacrol and phellandrene). GC-MS analysis of essential oils (EO) and extracts (obtained with supercitical CO2) from stems and leaves of T. diffusa and L. origanoides (thymol and phellandrene chemotypes) showed that the secondary metabolites common to these aromatic plants were: α-pinene (0.5 – 1.8%), limonene (0.2 – 37.8%), linalool (0.2 – 1.1%), trans-β-caryophyllene (1.0 – 26.4%), α-humulene (4 – 2.4%), caryophyllene oxide (3 – 7.2%), and germacrene D (0.05 – 37.68%). Dehydrofuquinone (52.3%) and drima-7,9-diene (4.4%) were the main components of damiana oil. The oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) of a L. origanoides (phellandrene chemotype) extract obtained with supercritical CO2 showed a remarkably high value (4130 ± 29 micromol Trolox/g substance), attributed to its high pinocembrin content. Lower ORAC values were obtained for L. origanoides (thymol chemotype) EO (3710 ± 10 micromol Trolox/g sample), followed by L. origanoides (phellandrene chemotype) EO (1260 ± 29 micromol Trolox/g sample) and damiana EO (813 ± 9 micromol Trolox/g sample). EO were obtained by microwave radiation-assisted hydrodistillation. Extracts were obtained with CO2 at 400 bar, 50 g/min and 10% ethanol in a Thar SFE-2000 – 2-FMC50 system; extract fractions were collected at 40 and 80 bar. The separation and identification of secondary metabolites was performed on an Agilent Technologies GC 6890 with 5973 mass selective detector (EI, 70 eV). Chromatographic columns DB-5 and DB-WAX (60 m × 0.25 mm, ID × 0.25 mm) were used. The ORAC assay was performed in a Turner Biosystems multiplate reader. Trolox® was used as a reference standard for these measurements.

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil from Lavandula angustifolia Cultivated in Garhwal Himalaya

Lavandula angustifolia is a well known herbal medicinal plant with a variety of useful properties, cultivated in the hill area of Uttarakhand was found to have 0.55 % essential oil on dry weight basis analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Thirty four constituents, representing 96.41% of the oil were identified. The higher percentage of major components is linalyl acetate (39.10%), linalool (29.7%), α- terpineol (4.35%), and trans caryophyllene (3.76%). The quality of lavender oil produced in Garhwal Himalayan region can be compared with other parts of the globe which indicates its international quantity. Keywords: Essential oil, GC-MS, lamiaceae, Lavandula angustifola, linalyl acetate.

English

One of the most serious threats to public health across the world is the spread of antibiotics resistant pathogens. This situation obliges researchers from all over the world to focus on how they can overcome this obstacle mainly by searching or synthesizing new molecules to neutralize microbes and to overcome the phenomenon of resistance. One of the main reservoirs of potentially active molecules is the plantae kingdom. In this work, we focused on Rubus fruticosus L., a medicinal species which is used traditionally in Algeria to heal respiratory infections. Both of chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils and flavonoids extract were explored. GC-MS analysis of essential oil reveals the Lanceol as the most abundant component (20.22%). HPLC applied on flavonoids extract shows the presence of the gallic acid, gallocatechin, protocatechuic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, rutin, ellagic acid and myricetin. Tests of antioxidant capacity using the DPPH reveals an inhibiting effect which is more important with the flavonoid extract. Otherwise, resistant strains to conventional antibiotics seem to be sensitive to the flavonoids of this species with MICs varying from 2.36 to 75.54 mg/ml. This study indicates that R. fruticosus L. has an important antimicrobial effect, which justifies its potential use in infectious diseases. For many reasons, this species remains poorly studied, further refined studies on its pure secondary metabolites are needed in the perspective of identifying new antimicrobial molecules from this plant. Key words: Rubus fruticosus L., essential oil, flavonoids, antimicrobial activity, resistant respiratory pathogens, antioxidant activity.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil of Artemisia nilagirica Linn. From Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Artemisia nilagirica Linn. (Asteraceae), commonly known as dauna, is a wild plant occurring in Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan regions of India. Decoctions of different parts of the plant have been used extensively in various disease ailments. In present study, GC and GC-MS analysis of essential oil isolated from leaves of Artemisia nilagirica is investigated. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the oil was evaluated through DPPH scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching test. Chemically characterized A.nilagirica oil showed presence of 29 major and minor compounds representing around 95.3 % of the oil. Compounds such as bicylco [2.2.1] heptanes 2-one, 1, 7,7-trimethyl, (1S)-CAS (-) alcanfo (22.8 %), trans-caryophyllene (16.7 %), sabinene (14.3 %) and α-thujone (14.6 %) were turned out as major component showed higher percent composition. The oil significantly inhibited the formation of radical cations, with IC50 value of 15.729 µL and prevented the bleaching of β-carotene, with IC50 value of 13.539 µL.

Antioxidative and neuroprotective effects of volatile components in essential oils from Chrysanthemum indicum Linné flowers

Chrysanthemum indicum Linne, belonging to the family Compositae, is a perennial herb that is widespread in Korea. C. indicum Linne flowers have been traditionally used as an oriental medicine for treatment of infectious diseases. The chemical compositions, antioxidant capacity, and neuroprotective effects of volatile components in essential oils from C. indicum Linne flowers were investigated. GC-MS analysis of essential oils revealed the 15 major components of 1,8-cineole, o-cymene, camphor, pinocarvone, chrysanthenyl acetate, bornyl acetate, trans-caryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol, umbellulone, trans-pinocarveol, cis-verbenol, borneol, α-terpineol, caryophyllene oxide, and thymol. Thymol had the highest antioxidant capacity. Essential oils and thymol dose-dependently decreased intracellular oxidative stress, exhibited anticholinesterase activities, and increased the cell viability of neuronal PC-12 cells. Essential oils and thymol from C. indicum Linne flowers can be sources of natural antioxidants and functional foods.

Screening of Two &lt;i&gt;Ocimum&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;tenuiflorum&lt;/i&gt; L. (Lamiaceae) Morphotypes for their Morphological Characters, Essential Oil Composition and Fruit Fly Attractant Ability

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the destructive pest of over 300 cultivated and wild fruits all over the world. Present study describes the morphology, essential oil content and composition and bioassay on fruit fly attractant ability of essential oil of two Ocimum tenuiflorum morphotypes (MT1 purple and MT2 purple-green) grown in Sri Lanka. Four months old, O. tenuiflorum aerial parts were hydro-distilled for 4 h. GC-MS analysis of essential oils and bio-assay for B. dorsalis attractant ability was performed using previously established methodologies. The yield of the essential oils of O. tenuiflorum MT1 and MT2 were 1.51±0.02% and 1.45±0.01% (v/w), respectively. Eighteen compounds were identified, which encountered over 97% of the oil constituents. The main constituents found in the oil of MT1 were methyl eugenol (72.50±1.03%) followed by β-caryophyllene (17.53±2.0%), germacrene D (1.55±0.10%), β-elemene (2.46±0.17%), while methyl eugenol (64.23±2.43%), β-caryophyllene (13.29±2.18%), β-elemene (6.94±1.41%), germacrene D (2.47±0.96%), were from extracted from MT2. Bioassays conducted on essential oils of MT1, MT2 and purified Methyl Eugenol demonstrated that the B. dorsalis attractant ability of essential oil MT1 (106±8.1), MT2 104±2 and commercial Methyl Eugenol (111±8.5) was not significantly different during the first week of the experiment. Results of our study open an avenue for use of essential oil of Ocimum tenuiflorum as potential natural para pheromone source for fruit fly control and monitoring in fruit industry in Sri Lanka.

Antimicrobial Activity of Thyme (Tymus vulgaris) and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Essential Oils against Some Food-borne Microorganisms

The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial effects of oregano and thyme essential oils (EOs) on some food-borne bacteria. GC-MS analysis of EOs was performed in order to determine their composition and phenols were predominant constituents. The investigation of the antibacterial effects of EOs was performed on Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Thyphimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, and MICs were determined by broth microdilution method. EOs exhibited antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms.

Authentication of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma and other two Chinese Materia Medica of the Liliaceae family by pharmacognosy technique with GC–MS analysis

Yuzhu (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma), Kangdingyuzhu (Polygonati Prattii Rhizoma), and zhugenqiyuzhu (Disporopsis Fuscopictae Rhizoma) are of the same family, but of different genera. They have all often used in Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) as Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma in China market. Three species of CMM are confused. For better application, we need to identify these plants accurately. This study use pharmacognosy technique and GC-MS analysis, three species of CMM were authenticated. In macroscopic characteristics, the fruit of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma is blue-black, while the other two are maroon and dark purple orderly. Nodes of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma are upward and light uplift, about 1 cm spacing, while the other are not. As for microscopic characteristics, the cortex of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma only occupies about 1/5 of the radius of the transverse section with inconspicuous endodermis, which is much smaller than others. The type of vascular bundles of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma is closed collateral, but the other is amphivasal. Raphides of calcium oxalate are scattered, but Raphides of the other two are like brooms and neat rows. GC-MS analysis of essential oil could provide different characteristics to distinguish three species. Twenty-three compounds were identified from essential oil of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma and the main components were n-hexadecanoic acid (49.45%), while n-hexadecanoic acid of the other two are 23.92% and 9.45%. The content of n-hexadecanoic is strongly different. This research was aimed to establish a method by pharmacognosy and GC-MS analysis to identify three CMM and for providing scientifical data to ensure accuracy of origin of three species.

Modulations of physiological responses and possible involvement of defense-related secondary metabolites in acclimation of Artemisia annua L. against short-term UV-B radiation

UV - B radiation exposure for upto 3 h did not cause direct damage to physiology, but adjusted secondary metabolism and metabolites accumulation as an effective acclimation mechanism to mitigate the adverse effects of radiation. Artemisia annua L. plants were irradiated with UV-B radiation (280-315 nm; 2.8 Wm(-2)) for different short-term (1, 2, 3 and 4 h) durations. UV-B irradiation of 3 h reduced the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. However, F v/F m, a sensitive indicator of photosynthetic inhibition, remained stable (0.78) upto 3 h, thereafter it declined sharply (0.72). Interestingly, transcript level of LHCB1, PSBA and PSBO genes related to photosystem II (PSII) were induced under UV-B exposure. In addition, genes coding for Rubisco small (RBCS1B) and large (RBCL) subunits were also upregulated upto 3 h. To mitigate the adverse effects of UV-B radiation, plants tremendously induced defense-related secondary metabolites such as antioxidative phenolics, UV-B absorbing flavonoids, anthocyanins and protective terpenes. The GC-MS analysis of essential oils revealed relatively higher production of monoterpenes over sesquiterpenes as well as 1.2-folds higher total oil yield under UV-B radiation. Owing to its diverse biological activities, the altered quantity and quality of essential oil of A. annua may contribute towards improving its therapeutic properties. The results suggest that UV-B irradiation upto 3 h reduced photosynthesis, probably due to stomatal limitations rather than any direct injury to photosynthetic apparatus as evident from stable F v/F m value, upregulated genes and greater accumulation of their corresponding proteins which gauge PSII health, elevated UV-B absorbing compounds and other protective metabolites. Correlation analysis indicates a significant positive correlation of photosynthetic rate with stomatal conductance while a negative correlation with anthocyanin and monoterpene contents under UV-B radiation. The present study provides first hand information regarding photosynthesis, related physiological parameters and essential oil profiling in response to UV-B radiation in A. annua.

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis (Boiss.) R. Morales essential oils from Morocco

Thymus zygis subsp. gracilis samples were collected from different Moroccan Middle Atlas sites at three phenological stages. Chemical composition of essential oils obtained from these samples was studied and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. GC-MS analysis of essential oils shows quantitative and qualitative changes in the chemical profile. Twenty-three components were detected. These compounds fall under at least four chemical families whose relative importance varies with the sites and the phenological stages. Monoterpens were the most abundant and their percentage in essential oils varied from 61.38 to 94.91. Carvacrol (16.07 to 74.33%), thymol (1.47 to 32.46%), p-cymene (6.97 to 40.26%) and γ-terpinene (2.68 to 22%) were the main constituents. Bactericidal property of Thymus zygis essential oils was also evaluated in vitro against six strains of phytopathogenic bacteria. All bacterial strains tested were susceptible to essential oils. Maximum activity was observed against the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora and Gram-positive actinomycete Streptomyces scabiei. The most bactericidal effect was observed against Streptomyces scabei. Its minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 50 μg.mL-1 . At post-flowering stage, carvacrol chemical profile was the most efficient.