The distribution law of residual stresses in the welding of corrugated steel web I-girders is still unclear. It is investigated by a combination of experiments and numerical simulations. The three-dimensional thermoelastic finite-element model of corrugated steel web and conventional flat web I-girders were established. Use the resistance strain gauge method to measure the residual stress in the welded corrugated steel web I-girders to verify the correctness of the established finite element model. Analysis of welding residual stress distribution and deformation of two types of I-girders through experimental data and numerical simulation data. The results show that the established finite-element model is correct, and the experimental residual stress values are matched with the simulated values. Two different web I-girders have significant differences in their welding residual stress distribution. At the same time by the two deformation curve can be seen, welding deformation and web shape related.