Gauge Gluon Research Articles

Infrared properties of the gauge theory coupling constant III

In previous papers we have outlined a program for deriving the infrared behavior of the axial gauge gluon propagator in a pure Yang-Mills theory. The program is based on an integral equation for the gluon propagator derived from the Dyson equation and the Ward identities. Here we present a solution to this equation, obtained numerically. The solution exhibits a Singularity in the infrared, and therefore presumably predicts confinement of color. The method is supposed to be exact in the infrared. Away from the infrared, therefore, our solution is only approximate. Nevertheless, even in the ultraviolet, our solution for the propagator is not very different from the known asymptotic freedom result, so it may be that it is a reasonable approximation over the entire range of momentum.

Quark sea and stringlike non-Abelian gauge field contribution to Hadron states

I t is desirable to construct the dynamical model of hadrons based on their intrinsic structure. Recently, NAMBU (~) gave very instructive talks on his idea of quark confinement by way of proving the equivalence of string model (2,3) and non-Abclian gauge theory (4,6). In this approach it is essential to consider the vacuum as the matter (e). His efforts were devoted to the development of earlier ideas of electric confinement (7,s). IGI (9) has succeeded in including the new particle family (10) in the dynamical model of Veneziano type by relaxing the duali ty requirement in the resonance region, assuming its recovery at infinite energies (Ii). The purpose of this paper is to explain at first the apparent discrepancy of observed Regge slopes for different hadron families by reinterpreting the BCS-like gap in the coloured quark level. The many degrees of freedom associated with the coloured gauge gluons may also play the fundamental role in this mechanism. In the second place we show that the relative probability of quark seas (~2) in the hadron bags of each Regge family may be related to the Regge slopes. In this t reatment the stringlike nature of non-Abelian gauge gluons is essential in the statistical mechanical sense. In what follows the apparent dismateh of Regge slopes may be reduced to the structure of associated quark sea of the relevant hadron. The parameters specifying that probability and Reggc slope are determined by making use of available information.

Meson Regge Trajectories in the Quark-Gluon Model

Complex J-plane properties of the quark-antiquark scattering amplitude are examined by means of the ladder model with massless gauge gluons exchanged, on the assumption that the scattering amplitude at the quark level is not meaningless even if quarks are confined. It is shown that the scattering amplitude may Reggeize, in the quark-gluon model, if one introduces an appropriate momentum cutoff factor. It is found that the above model may be capable of describing the behaviour of the vector and axial-vector trajectories in the low-mass region. Results suggest a pattern of the breaking of γ5-chiral symmetry.

Electroproduction structure function and the constituent-particle scattering

The proton structure functions from electron and muon scattering are investigated with recourse to the operator product expansion. The hadrons are assumed to be the composite particles of the four-colour triplet quarks interacting through the non-Abelian gauge gluons. The quark-quark and gluon-gluon scatterings are examined by comparing with experimental data. It is shown that the experimental data can be realized by using the same Regge parameters for the constituent-particle scattering as in high-energy hadron processes.

Photoproduction of charmonium

Photoproduction of ortho and para charm-anticharm bound states is considered in the framework of the Cheng-Wu picture. Non-Abelian gauge gluons mediate the interaction between the c c -pair and the nucleon. The angular distributions of ψ c and η c are determined. The influence of multigluon exchanges and quark mass variation is studied.

SU(2) ⊗ U(1) ⊗ U(1)′ weak-interaction model andΔI=12enhancement

The ..delta..I = 1/2 enhancement in nonleptonic decays is achieved in an SU(2) x U(1) x U(1)' model by the role of an additional neutral gauge boson, X/sub ..mu../. The new vector boson couples to the hadronic neutral current that has predominantly isoscalar ..delta..S = 0 term, plus a small ..delta..S not equal to 0 term, but it does not interact with leptons. The associated ..delta..S = 2 processes can be made small under due conditions on parameters. Several manifestations of X/sub ..mu../ as a gauge boson or gluon bound state are speculated. (AIP)

Hadron masses in a gauge theory

We explore the implications for hadron spectroscopy of the "standard" gauge model of weak, electromagnetic, and strong interactions. The model involves four types of fractionally charged quarks, each in three colors, coupling to massless gauge gluons. The quarks are confined within colorless hadrons by a long-range spin-independent force realizing infrared slavery. We use the asymptotic freedom of the model to argue that for the calculation of hadron masses, the short-range quark-quark interaction may be taken to be Coulomb-like. We rederive many successful quark-model mass relations for the low-lying hadrons. Because a specific interaction and symmetry-breaking mechanism are forced on us by the underlying renormalizable gauge field theory, we also obtain new mass relations. They are well satisfied. We develop a qualitative understanding of many features of the hadron mass spectrum, such as the origin and sign of the $\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ mass splitting. Interpreting the newly discovered narrow boson resonances as states of charmonium, we use the model to predict the masses of charmed mesons and baryons.