Gatekeeper Role Research Articles

How French alternative media channels on YouTube portray the government and mainstream media on YouTube

In an increasingly fragmented media landscape, YouTube has become a pivotal platform for alternative media channels that challenge mainstream media and governmental narratives. This study investigates how French alternative media channels on YouTube shape their identities and discourse regarding the government. The study analyzes content from these channels to understand their impact on the media ecosystem. Using word embedding and correspondence analysis, the study reveals a strong antagonistic stance toward mainstream media and government. Findings show that alternative media channels function as new gatekeepers, using decentralized mechanisms to disseminate information, thus redefining traditional gatekeeping roles. They simultaneously provide factual content and amplify skeptical narratives, contributing to public mistrust in journalism and governmental institutions. The implications are discussed along the evolving role of alternative media in shaping public perceptions and the need for ongoing research to capture these complex interactions in an ever-changing media landscape.

Research on English Learning Content Rendering and Interactive Application Based on Multimedia Technology

Translation as a cross-cultural information exchange and exchange activity has the nature of dissemination. Combining communication and translation helps make translation an open, dynamic, and comprehensive discipline. Translators play the role of gatekeepers in communication studies. The choice of a translator is affected by any change in the translator himself, such as his personal preference, motivation, life experience, aesthetic orientation, psychological factors and values, which can call for different translations to be produced. The translation of classics is not like the translation of ordinary works. It puts forward higher requirements for the translator. The beauty and subtlety of its words and characters require the translator to have a profound knowledge of the target language; its connotation and thought are broad and profound, and the translator needs to understand the source language. Transparency of this understanding. And such a master is really rare, and it is difficult to cultivate, so excellent translation works of classics are not common. In addition, translations are becoming more and more diverse, and there is inevitably a mix of people and irregularities in the intermediate translations. This paper explores the translation of classics that combines machine learning technology with the perspective of communication, and proposes an efficient translation model. The experimental results show that the model can effectively improve translation efficiency and accuracy.

The politics of gatekeeping: respondents as gatekeepers and gatekeepers as respondents

The important role of gatekeepers in accessing and negotiating the field has been well established. In this research note, we highlight an underexplored dimension of gatekeeping in relation to our fieldwork on the Kalbeliya community of Rajasthan in India. Existing scholarship on the Kalbeliyas has mainly focused on the politics of heritage recognition of Kalbeliya dance of India, which was recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 2010. Nonetheless, no significant research exists on the methodological challenges encountered in this field. Our navigations in the field uncovered an aspect deeply embedded in arguably, the multi-layered nature of gatekeeping – the blurred boundaries and shifting positionalities between gatekeepers and respondents, with respondents acting as gatekeepers and gatekeepers as respondents. In this research, key respondents were Kalbeliya women dancers and other respondents included state officials, Manganiyars and Kalbeliya men, who acted as gatekeepers in accessing Kalbeliya dancers. These shifting positionalities also exposed their gendered power dynamics, which shaped our methodological navigations in the field.

Tackling selective neuronal vulnerability: Subnuclei involvement of amygdala‐predominant Lewy body disease in early‐onset Alzheimer’s disease

AbstractBackgroundLewy body disease (LBD) often co‐occurs with Alzheimer’s (AD), resulting in more significant cognitive decline than AD or LBD alone. LBD’s hallmarks, asyn‐positive Lewy bodies and neurites, propagate from the enteric system or olfactory bulb to the amygdala, which acts as a gatekeeper for spread to other structures. Initially, LBD appears in the central or cortical nuclei, reflecting brainstem or olfactory origins. A third pattern of LBD is quite prevalent in sporadic and familial early‐onset AD (EOAD). This amygdala‐predominant LBD (AP‐LBD) type does not conform with the most used staging systems for LBD and has received little attention. We found a link between asyn seeding‐competent fibrils in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and LBD’s transition from the amygdala, supporting its gatekeeper role. The factors enabling asyn propagation in the amygdala remain unknown. Our goal is to map asyn and tau markers in EOAD cases with permissive vs. non‐permissive AP‐LBD in amygdala subnuclei, identifying spread pathways and vulnerable cell populations.MethodWe identified all postmortem EOAD cases with AP‐LBD from the UCSF Neurodegenerative Disease Brain Bank (n = 47), 14 of which have banked CSF for asyn seeding amplification testing. We are using multiplex immunofluorescence to label: phosphorylated asyn; phosphorylated, mis‐conformed, or truncated tau; and all neurons. Markers will be quantified from digital pathology scans, and we will analyze the degree of colocalization by region for the central nucleus, basolateral nuclei, and cortical nucleus.ResultPending analysis, we will report the pattern of LBD across subnuclei. Of eight CSF samples, 37.5% were positive for asyn seeding with six samples pending. Asyn and tau markers by subnucleus will be compared between CSF‐positive and ‐negative cases.ConclusionMapping AP‐LBD across amygdala subnuclei may yield insights into selectively vulnerable neurons. This research has the potential to enhance our understanding of AP‐LBD and its underlying mechanisms, ultimately contributing to the development of more targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the realm of neurodegenerative diseases.

Evaluating data sharing statements in leading emergency medicine journals: A mixed methods review.

Emergency medicine remains as the front line of healthcare, providing acute care to a diverse population during urgent and critical moments. Our objective was to systematically quantify the prevalence of data sharing statements (DSS) in high-impact emergency medicine journals and assess their implementation by contacting corresponding authors who indicated data available upon request. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to identify the prevalence and content of data sharing statements in clinical studies published in high impact emergency medicine journals between 2018 and 2023, followed by a hierarchical logistic regression analysis to identify variables impacting the incorporation of data sharing statements into emergency medicine studies. Lastly, we conducted a thematic analysis of the data sharing statements extracted from our included sample to identify prevailing themes. Of the 875 articles reviewed, only 84 (9.6%) included DSS. DSS prevalence increased over time, from 2.12% (4/189) in 2018 to 23.71% (23/97) in 2023. Studies without listed funding sources were significantly less likely to include DSS (estimate=-2.027, p=0.000). Articles published by BioMed Central (mean effect=2.497) were more likely to include DSS compared to other publishers. Our review of the DSS content revealed prevailing themes, such as gatekeeper role and conditional data availability, concerning the oversight and regulation of information and the stipulations for data sharing based on certain criteria. Our study revealed a lack of adherence to DSS, with a slight improvement recently. Listed funding sources and publishers influence DSS presence, highlighting their policy impacts on open science. Our recommendations include increased funding for data sharing, implementation of FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets) principles, and encouraging DSS inclusion as a publication requirement to enhance transparency and reproducibility, improving patient care. Further research needs to address barriers to data sharing and develop sustainable solutions in a dynamic research environment.

Abstract IA016: Vascular control of metastasis

Abstract The molecular analysis of tumor vessel interactions during tumor progression and metastasis has primarily focused on the study of tumor cell-derived angiogenic and lymphangiogenic signals with the purpose to exploit such factors as therapeutic targets. Angiogenic factors activate endothelial cells in nearby blood and lymphatic capillaries to sprout towards the tumor. Tumor angiogenesis thereby not only nourishes the growing tumor, but access to the blood and lymphatic vasculatures enables cells from the primary tumor to enter the circulation to eventually form metastases at distant sites. The complex cellular interactions between tumor cells and endothelial cells have in this context mostly been studied from a tumor cell-centric perspective, i.e., the tumor cells send signals to which endothelial cells merely respond. Yet, the past decade has witnessed a fundamental change of paradigm with the discovery that the vascular endothelium does not just respond to exogenous cytokines but exerts active ’angiocrine’ gatekeeper roles controlling their microenvironment in an instructive manner. We have applied the concepts of angiocrine signaling towards the study of tumor progression and metastasis. Employing novel surgical preclinical metastasis models that better mimic tumor progression and the response to therapy as it occurs in humans, we have molecularly dissected vascular endothelial cells in progressing primary tumors as well as in the pre-metastatic and metastatic niches. These experiments were on the one hand aimed at establishing the systems map of endothelial transcriptomic changes during tumor progression and metastasis and on the other hand to identify and validate novel therapeutic targets. This presentation will review recent advances in the field of tumor microenvironment research and present novel angiocrine signaling mechanisms as promising targets of future mechanism-driven anti-metastatic therapy. Citation Format: Hellmut G. Augustin. Vascular control of metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr IA016.

Participation of persons living with dementia in research: A means to address epistemic injustice.

Epistemic injustice refers to wronging or mistreating individuals in terms of their capacity as knowers, based on prejudices or negative attitudes. Excluding people with dementia from research is a form of epistemic injustice. In this article, we discuss epistemic injustice associated with data collection processes and the participation of people with dementia in scientific research. The challenges of participation that we discuss pertain to the role of gatekeepers and ethical research perspectives. The arguments presented are based on previous research, experiences from our current project, and critical self-assessment regarding the latter. The aim is to shed light on what enables or prevents people living with dementia from participating in research, and how this is connected to epistemic injustice. It is known that prejudices related to dementia affect both researchers and people living with dementia: the former tend to exclude people with dementia, and the latter may practice self-silencing due to dementia-related stigma. In addition to these individual issues, we argue that epistemic injustice occurs at a structural level, where a major role is played by gatekeepers and research ethics panels. As close family members, health officials, and dementia-related associations are the main gatekeepers, their attitudes and perceptions are highlighted. In terms of ethical issues, the concept of informed consent needs to be elaborated. If the research is not expected to harm participants and may contribute to improving the lives of those with dementia, the perspective should be shifted from informed consent to ongoing consent assessment. While acknowledging the features and symptoms of dementia, researchers should be more courageous, trust in the good cause, and enable persons living with dementia to participate in research that concerns them. This is the only way for researchers to genuinely understand the social world, experiences, and needs of those with dementia and to address epistemic injustice.

Changing Roles of Gatekeepers in the Era of New Media: A Study of Gatekeeping on Instagram

Changing Roles of Gatekeepers in the Era of New Media: A Study of Gatekeeping on Instagram

The mediating role of psychological functioning and maternal gatekeeping in the relationship of work-family conflict and gender roles with co-parenting

The mediating role of psychological functioning and maternal gatekeeping in the relationship of work-family conflict and gender roles with co-parenting

Capacity, Autonomy, and Risk: Reflecting on Asymmetries in Capacity to Consent and Capacity to Refuse

AbstractThere has been renewed interest in whether we should understand standards of decision-making capacity (DMC) to be risk-relative. Critics of risk-relative standards often highlight a puzzling asymmetry that they imply; a patient may have the requisite DMC to consent to a treatment that is in their best interests, whilst lacking the requisite DMC to refuse that same treatment, given the much higher risk that this would entail. Whilst some have argued that this asymmetry suggests that risk-relative standards are nonsensical, in this paper I defend a ‘quality of evidence’ view of such standards. I begin by outlining DMC’s purported gate-keeping role in medical ethics, and identifying three key normative claims that undergird this role. I then explain how two competing theories of risk-relative standards are incompatible with at least one of these claims. Drawing on Douglas’ distinction between standards of ‘true capacity’ and standards invoked in the ‘test’ for capacity, I then outline my ‘quality of evidence’ view. I explain how the view is compatible with the aforementioned normative claims, and outline the nature of the asymmetry it implies. I conclude by responding to the objection that there is no meaningful distinction between ‘true capacity’ and the ‘test’ for capacity.

Changes in attitudes toward suicide after brief gatekeeper education: Findings from population-based repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted among middle-aged and older adults

Objective This study aimed to investigate changes in attitudes toward suicide following a universal home visitation program that included a brief face-to-face educational session focusing on gatekeeper roles in Japan.Methods Between 2015 and 2017, members of 169 households in an intervention district from a northern Japanese township were invited to attend an educational session during home visits. The participation rate was 72.8%, with 94.5% of the participants aged over 40. Repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys were conducted among adults in the towns in 2015 and 2021. Data from the surveys, focusing on individuals aged 40-79 years and residing in the intervention and matched control districts (where no visits occurred and only information was distributed through leaflets), were used to assess the prevalence of self-reported views toward suicide. The self-reported views encompassed "no substantial thoughts," "inevitable," "shameful," "annoying," "tragic," "must be managed," and "romantic" in addition to personal and perceived stigma, depressive symptoms (assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-6), and suicidal ideation. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze linear trends in the proportion of views that exhibited changes.Results Participation rates were 61.8% (n ＝ 357) in 2015 and 52.8% (n ＝ 257) in 2021. The intervention group showed a significant difference in the prevalence of the "inevitable" view between baseline and 4-year follow-up (P ＝ 0.026). Marginal pre-post differences were observed among the two types of stigma; however, the symptoms remained unchanged. A marginally significant difference in the change of the "inevitable" view was observed between the two groups. In the follow-up, more knowledgeable respondents in the intervention group were less likely to view suicide as "inevitable," a trend not seen in the control group.Conclusions The universal home visitation program, including a face-to-face session focusing on the gatekeeper role, was associated with a decreased prevalence of the "inevitable" attitude between the baseline and 4-year follow-up among community-dwelling adults aged 40-79. This suggests that face-to-face interactions with healthcare professionals can reduce the tendency to condone suicide among middle-aged and older adults in community settings.

Contested role boundaries and professional title: Implications of the independent review of podiatric surgery in Australia.

In October 2023, the Podiatry Board of Australia commissioned an independent review of the regulation of podiatric surgery in Australia, with a remit to re-evaluate the regulatory framework, identify any risks to patient safety and recommend improvements to public protection. It reported in March 2024 and set out 14 key recommendations. The review was prompted by a number of complaints about podiatric surgeons but also reflected calls for reform by the medical profession and several critical media reports. This paper sets out to examine the review report, alongside the concerns of the medical profession and the media articles expressed within it, through the lens of an established sociological framework focused on interprofessional conflict and the contested use of professional titles. As a review rather than the research paper, the Independent Review of Podiatric Surgery (the 'Paterson Report') served as data for the sociological analysis, adopting a Neo-Weberian and Bordieuan framework to examine the strategies adopted by the medical profession and media reports cited in the report, consistent with the exercise of professional power. The sociological analysis provides insights into the ways in which professions seek to maintain symbolic, social, cultural and economic privileges and rewards through the exclusion of competitors, using strategies such as social closure, symbolic violence, symbolic devaluation, gatekeeper roles, and jurisdictional disputes. The review report acknowledges the influence of the medical profession and its opposition to the practice of podiatric surgery and use of the title 'podiatric surgeon'. The arguments made and strategies deployed are consistent with those found in the wider literature. In light of these findings, the implications for the future of podiatric surgery are considered in terms of professional practice, use of professional title, and access to public funding.

게이트키퍼 역할을 하는 수퍼바이저의 내러티브 탐구

Objectives This study was conducted to find out what is experienced in the role of a gatekeeper and what it means. Methods For this purpose, three supervisors with 10 to 30 years of counseling experience were selected as participants, and data were collected through in-depth interviews. Based on the collected data, the narrative research method proposed by Clandinin and Connelly was used to understand the participants' vivid experiences and reveal their meaning. In addition, to improve the quality of the research, the research was conducted under the supervision of a reviewer. Results Looking at the experiences of the supervisors' gatekeepers, I found that although they had never been taught the role of gatekeeper, they each fulfilled the role in their own way. In this process, they came to feel that they had responsibility as gatekeepers but no authority, and as their responsibility increased, they began to experience confusion and doubt about whether their judgments and decisions were correct. Therefore, it is emphasized that what is more important than teaching well is to check oneself as a gatekeeper. Conclusions Through research, the importance and necessity of the gatekeeper role was confirmed. It also suggests that self-understanding is necessary to play the role of gatekeeper. Lastly, the significance of the study can be attributed to the fact that it laid the foundation for research into the detailed field of gatekeepers.

Microbial Gatekeepers of Fertility in the Female Reproductive Microbiome of Cattle.

This review paper delves into the intricate relationship between the genital microbiome and fertility outcomes in livestock, with a specific focus on cattle. Drawing upon insights derived from culture-independent metagenomics studies, the paper meticulously examines the composition and dynamics of the genital microbiome. Through advanced techniques such as high-throughput sequencing, the review illuminates the temporal shifts in microbial communities and their profound implications for reproductive health. The analysis underscores the association between dysbiosis-an imbalance in microbial communities-and the development of reproductive diseases, shedding light on the pivotal role of microbial gatekeepers in livestock fertility. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the need for continued exploration of uncharted dimensions of the female reproductive microbiome to unlock new insights into its impact on fertility. By elucidating the complex interplay between microbial communities and reproductive health, this review underscores the importance of innovative strategies aimed at enhancing fertility and mitigating reproductive diseases in livestock populations.

Civilising loss of control? The role of criminal justice gatekeepers

AbstractSince its inception in England and Wales, the partial defence to murder of loss of control has generated a steady stream of appeals. Individually, those appeals have illuminated key aspects of the plea's operation. This paper, though, is the first to explore that operation via a systematic analysis of every loss of control appeal to date (110 cases). Using that data, the paper frames more effectively, and thus improves understanding of, a neglected phenomenon in the plea: specifically, the decision-making roles of criminal justice ‘gatekeepers’ – principally trial judges, juries and prosecutors – in governing access to loss of control. In doing so, the paper assesses how far these gatekeepers interpret the plea's requirements in a ‘civilising’ way – one which prioritises meritorious loss of control claims above those which are unmeritorious. It contends that each gatekeeper struggles to regulate loss of control in such a way. Ultimately, this diminishes the symbolic value these reforms may have had and frustrates any civilising potential of homicide law reform.

How general practitioners in France are coping with increased healthcare demand and physician shortages. A panel data survey and hierarchical clustering

BackgroundGeneral practitioners (GPs) face quantitative and qualitative changes in patient demand and doctor shortages. ObjectivesTo investigate how GPs cope with doctor shortage issues. Materials and methodsTwo cross-sectional surveys of a representative panel of 1530 GPs in 2019 and 2022 about their perceptions of physician shortages, working hours worked (WHW), and adaptive behaviors. Hierarchical clustering enabled identification of profiles with different adaptation patterns. Multiple Poisson or logistic regression models studied associations between GPs’ profiles and professional characteristics. Results87.4 % of GPs applied at least one adaptation to control patients’ healthcare demand. 24 % adopted task-shifting while their average WHW decreased by 3.6 h between 2019 and 2022. Four GP profiles were identified. “Low adapters/low workload” and “Low adapters/high workload” (25 % of the sample each) reported 2.4 adaptive measures: 75.5 % refused to be new patients' preferred doctor in the former group (vs 5.1 %). “High adapters/unchanged consultations” (30.7 %) and “High adapters/shortened consultations” (18.9 %) reported 4.8 and 6.1 adaptations, respectively. They were more likely to practice in medically underserved areas. ConclusionThese results call into question GPs’ gatekeeper role in the French healthcare system. Moreover, the marked reduction in WHW in underserved areas is likely to exacerbate their uneven distribution nationwide. Encouraging vertical integration between HCPs while enhancing cooperation and task-shifting is probably a pathway toward improving the relative GP shortage.

Black Robes and White Coats: Daubert Standard and Medical and Legal Considerations for Medical Expert Witnesses.

Expert testimony can play a pivotal role in a legal case involving a medical issue, but it is crucial that this testimony be scientifically sound. In the United States, the Frye Standard demanded that such expert medical testimony be "generally accepted," but it has been superseded by the more demanding Daubert Standard. Under Daubert, judges became "gatekeepers" as to what scientific material was admissible in court and what might be dismissed as junk science. While a vast improvement over Frye, the Daubert Standard still faces its own problems. Judges usually lack scientific and medical expertise and sometimes have to do their own medical research to be able to evaluate the experts and their testimony. Expert witnesses can be subjected to an adversarial Daubert challenge, even during trial, to establish their credentials and the evidence they are reporting. About half of all judges have had no formal education in handling scientific evidence, but 91% felt comfortable in their gatekeeper role. Considerations for expert witnesses include training or coaching, familiarity with the entire case and courtroom procedures, and an ability to not just know the evidence but to be able to communicate it effectively to a lay audience (jury). Some countries have pioneered a concurrent testimony approach in complex cases, whereby experts argue the evidence of the case under oath before a judge in advance of the trial to determine where there are points of agreement and where the main areas of contention reside. This process, colorfully called "hot tubbing," is aimed at a more conciliatory approach to reaching compromises. Nevertheless, bias still can result even in hot-tubbing cases, and more research is needed to better understand the nature of jury bias and how it can affect jury decisions in complex medical cases.

“It’s a bit like pick and choose”: How young media users assign authority to cultural mediators

As the boundaries between producers and consumers in both journalism and cultural industries continue to blur, questions arise about the changing gatekeeping and interpretational roles. The study examines how young adults assign authority to cultural mediators, ranging from traditional cultural journalists to social media personalities, when selecting and evaluating cultural goods. The aim is to understand how journalistic and non-journalistic voices intertwine in young adults’ cultural news consumption. The study builds on 31 in-depth interviews with young Belgian adults (age 18–28) focussing on participants’ social media use in relation to their cultural interests. Paradoxically, in an era of information overload where professional selection and interpretation could prove beneficial, the study identified various reasons why young media users favor non-journalistic mediators, such as their search for similarity. The findings also show how young adults resist journalistic curation to secure their own autonomy and uniqueness as cultural consumers. Nevertheless, journalistic mediators still gain credibility when evaluating cultural goods. The results highlight how young adults assign varying levels of authority to different guides at different stages in cultural consumption. The paper reflects on the implications for cultural journalism, emphasizing the evaluative rather than agenda-setting role of journalists.

Reshaping the Spheres: Gatekeeping as an Ethical Normative Imperative

ABSTRACT This theoretical essay argues for reconstituting the normative role of gatekeeping of journalism in a functioning democracy. It contends that in this time of disinformation, misinformation and fake news, the journalist’s main normative role should involve gatekeeping all deviant information from the mainstream public sphere. It then articulates why the space inside the sphere of legitimate controversy grew in recent years, and journalists, through gatekeeping, must restore it to its normative ideal.

Between a rock and a hard place: A geosocial approach to water insecurity in Kabul

Approximately 50% of the global population currently experiences severe water scarcity, a situation likely to intensify due to climate change. At the same time, the poorest population segments bear the greatest burden of water insecurity. This intersection of geophysical, geochemical, and socio-economic dimensions of water (in)security challenges requires a geosocial perspective, one that attends simultaneously to geophysical, geochemical, and socio-economic dimensions. Our qualitative study, conducted through 68 semi-structured interviews across two distinct sub-basins in Kabul, revealed disparities in groundwater levels, water quality, water prices, and lived experiences of water insecurity. While environmental stressors like drought and groundwater contamination contribute to water insecurity, socio-economic factors such as gender and property ownership exacerbate these impacts: Women and children bear a heavy burden of securing water, with children’s involvement in water-fetching leading to instances of violence. Furthermore, trucked water costs 33 times that of piped water, echoing alarming global trends where less privileged communities endure disproportionately greater challenges of water inaccessibility. We outline policy implications for monitoring groundwater abstraction and underscore the need for tailored strategies to combat water scarcity, such as pro-poor water strategies. Additionally, our work draws attention to the role of local gatekeepers who have informally regulated water usage in response to drought-induced scarcity, particularly in the absence of functioning government policies, underscoring the importance of collaboration with local stakeholders to ensure sustainable access to water. We argue that a geosocial approach to water (in)security can provide high-resolution findings and reveal critical gaps between common metrics and the realities of water (in)security, which also underlines the need for integrated approaches incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research.