Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis Research Articles

Intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the blood of dogs infected with the causative agent of toxocariasis

Gastrointestinal helminthiasis, particularly toxocarosis, is the most common invasive disease of dogs in our country and abroad. It is important to note that toxocarosis is a zoonosis that poses a threat not only to animals but also to humans. It is known that one of the manifestations of the toxic effect of toxocar byproducts is the activation of the processes of peroxide oxidation of cell membrane lipids. Lipid peroxidation is one of the most essential oxidation processes in the body of dogs. Currently, this process is considered one of the leading causes of cell damage and death due to the negative effect of reactive oxygen species. Any sufficiently powerful impact on the animal body, including the development of toxocarosis, can initiate lipid peroxidation processes. That is why the work aimed to determine the effect of toxocarosis infestation on the level of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxide oxidation in the body of dogs. 12 dogs aged two to four months were used for experimental research, and two groups of six animals each were formed: control and experimental. Puppies of the control group were clinically healthy. Puppies of the research group were experimentally infected with the causative agent of toxocarosis at a dose of 5,000 invasive T. canis eggs per kg of body weight. The development of toxocarosis in dogs leads to a significant and probable (P < 0.001) accumulation in the blood of dogs in all periods of the study of the content of intermediate (diene conjugates) and final (TBK-active products) products of lipid peroxidation. In dogs with experimental toxocarosis, an increase in these LPO products was established, especially on the 28th and 35th days of the experiment, where, accordingly, the level of diene conjugates ranged from 0.750 ± 0.004 to 0.675 ± 0.003 odA/ml (Р < 0.001), and the level of TBC-active products - in the range of 38.38 ± 0.174 – 38.18 ± 0.137 μmol/l (Р < 0.001). These changes may be because, in the pathogenesis of toxocariasis in dogs, an important role is played by the increased formation of reactive oxygen species, which subsequently cause a disturbance in the balance between the content of oxidants and antioxidants in the body of dogs. It is also worth paying attention to more significant changes in the level of intermediate POL products in dogs' blood during experimental toxocarosis compared to the final products.

The state of the system of antioxidant protection of the body of dogs during toxocariasis invasion

Among the invasive diseases of dogs, the most common in our country and abroad is gastrointestinal helminthiasis, among which the leading place is occupied by toxocarosis. Adult toxocara cause an intestinal form of the disease, and the larvae – a visceral one. In the process of migration and vital activity, toxocar larvae cause severe damage to the body of dogs up to death. The work aimed to determine the effect of toxocariasis on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic links of the system of antioxidant protection of the dog's body. Twelve two- to four-month-old dogs were used for experimental research, and two groups of six animals each were formed: control and experimental. Puppies of the control group were clinically healthy. Puppies of the experimental group were experimentally infected with the causative agent of toxocarosis at a dose of 5,000 invasive T. canis eggs per kg of body weight. It was established that the antioxidant protection system of the dog's body is inhibited during toxocariasis infection, which is indicated by a decrease in the activity of the enzyme link and indicators of the glutathione system. Under the conditions of experimental toxocarosis invasion, a decrease in the activity of the enzyme link of the system of antioxidant protection of the dog's body was established, as indicated by a reduction in the activity of catalase by 51.9 %, superoxide dismutase by 33.4 %. The development of toxocariasis in dogs is also accompanied by depletion of the glutathione-dependent link of the antioxidant defense system. In infected dogs, a decrease in the content of reduced glutathione in their blood was established by 31.1 % (Р < 0.01), glutathione peroxidase activity – by 26.6 % (Р < 0.001), glutathione reductase activity – by 22.2 % (Р < 0.001). The lowest activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system and the content of reduced glutathione in the blood of infected dogs of the experimental group was established on the 28th day of the experiment.

Gastrointestinal helminthiasis among Nigerian farmers in Delta North communities

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections among farmers of different age groups and the risk factors influencing disease transmission in different geographic settings with intermittent treatment in Delta North Agricultural Zone in Nigeria.Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried out among all age groups in some farming communities in freshwater swamp forest and lowland rainforest of Delta North Agricultural Zone. Kato Katz method was used to detect gastrointestinal helminth infections in stool samples. Study participants totalled 20 698 including 11215 (54.2%) males and 9483 (45.8%) females. Additionally, diagnostic tests performance forSchistosoma mansoniusing Kato Katz and PCR were compared.Results:This study identified six parasites namely,Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm,Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularisandStrongyloides stercoralis,with a total prevalence of 21.6%. The freshwater swamp forest had a slightly higher prevalence (21.8%) with six parasite species than that of the lowland rainforest (21.0%) with five species, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Factors that influenced disease transmission include sex, age, behaviour, type of infection, culture and environment, with vulnerabilities higher among children and females (P< 0.05). Additional investigation comparing Kato Katz method and PCR usingSchistosoma mansoni121 bp primer on 120 samples showed prevalence of 0.0% for Kato Katz and 4.2% for PCR.Conclusions:This study revealed persistent gastrointestinal helminth infections in areas where there is intermittent mass antihelminthic administration. This underscores the need for integrated control of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in farming communities.

Effectiveness of the improved method of lifelong diagnostics trichurosis of sheep

Today, the most accurate way to diagnose animal helminthiasis is laboratory research. Among them, lifelong coproovoscopy methods play a leading role in the study of the spread of gastrointestinal helminthiasis, particularly trichurosis, and in establishing the effectiveness of anthelmintics. Therefore, a promising research direction includes improving and testing modern methods of coproovoscopy for trichurosis in sheep. The work aimed to determine the diagnostic efficiency of the improved flotation method of coproovoscopy for trichurosis in sheep. In laboratory conditions, the effectiveness of well-known flotation methods and the proposed method of coproovoscopy in diagnosing sheep trichurosis were determined. The leading indicators of the effectiveness of laboratory methods were the indicator of the intensity of trichurous invasion, the coagulation ability of the flotation solution, and the crystallization time of a drop of flotation liquid on a glass slide. It was established that all methods of coproovoscopy used in the experiment have flotation properties relative to Trichuris eggs. However, the improved method of coproovoscopy showed a higher flotation ability concerning Trichuris ovis nematode eggs, where the proposed flotation liquid has pronounced coagulation properties concerning undigested feed residues, and also has a slow crystallization time of droplets on a slide, which is more than 50 min. The improved method uses a combined flotation liquid, whose main components were Ca(NO3)2, C12H22O11, and NaCl. The indicator of the intensity of trichuriasis invasion when using the improved method was 67.0 ± 17.5 eggs in 1 g of feces and exceeded the number of trichuriasis eggs detected by flotation methods using NaCl – by 2.3 times (P ˂ 0.001), C12H22O11 – by 2.1 times (P ˂ 0.001), NH4NO3 – 1.3 times (P ˂ 0.01), C12H22O11 + NaCl – 1.1 times. The obtained data on the effectiveness of the improved method of coproovoscopy allows us to recommend it for introduction into production for effective and accurate laboratory lifelong diagnosis of trichurosis in sheep.

Efficacy of Azadirachta indica in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis

The study was carried out to assess the anthelminthic efficacy of Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem (Dogoyaro). The phytochemical components of the leaf extract was accessed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and the efficacy was carried out in vitro and in vivo using Toxocara canis (as worm model) of dogs. Twenty peaks of compounds were revealed in the GS-MS chromatogram, with Hexadecanoic acid which is saddled with anthelminthic effect as one of its major constituents. In the in vitro study, the lethal concentration was 92.48ml/mg at 6hrs. Percentage egg reduction of 76.2% and 83.9% from the Faecal Egg Count (FEC) at LC25 and LC50 respectively was recorded for the in vivo study. The overall blood count of all the puppies used for the experiment were 4.46 X 106µL for RBC, 31.32% for PCV and 11.23 X 103for WBC. Puppies treated with Azadirachta indica leaf extract showed minimal alteration of the three heamatological parameters (WBC, PCV and RBC) analyzed compared to the uninfected control group and group treated with Mbendazole. This indicates that Azadirachta indica leaf extract is effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal helminthiasis and also further investigations are recommended as it may be useful in the treatment of other diseases.

Prevalence of Gastro-intestinal Helminthiasis in Cattle of Madi Valley, Chitwan

Cattle is one of the leading species of domestic livestock in Nepal. The helminthic diseases are common in livestock with varied occurrence. This study was carried out to find the prevalence and risk factor associated with gastro-intestinal helminth parasites in 304 fecal samples of cattle of Madi Valley, Chitwan, Nepal. Rectal sample were collected in zip lock plastic bag containing in 10% formalin and preserved in refrigerator before examination. Sedimentation and floatation techniques were used for the detection of helminth parasites. The overall prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminth was found to be 51.32%. The parasitic infection of trematode was 39%, cestode 13% and nematode 48%. In the trematode group, Fasciola sp. 4.61%, Paramphistomum sp. 15.13%, Dicrocoelium sp. 1.64%, Schistosoma sp. 0.66% and Bilharzia sp. 0.99% were prevalent. Among cestode, only Moniezia sp. was observed with infection rate of 7.89%. Nematode included Strongyloides sp. 3.95%, Trichostrongylus sp. 7.24%, Toxocara sp. 3.95%, Oesophagostomum sp. 1.97%, Haemonchus sp. 4.28%, Cooperia sp. 1.97%, Bunostomum sp 0.66%, Nematodirus sp 0.99% and others 3.29%. Mixed infections were observed in 17% of positive samples. Sex and age group showed statistically significant difference. Male have higher prevalence than that of female (P<0.05). Potential risk factor like farmer’s group, water source, body condition score, grazing and rearing system, purpose of animal rearing and last date of drenching showed significant association on prevalence of parasite. Cattle of Madi valley, Chitwan had shown wide range of helminthiasis in cattle.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis in Beef Cattle During Dry Season in Bangkalan Regency, Madura, Indonesia

This study aims to observe and determine the risk factor of gastrointestinal helminthiasis among Madura beef cattle and Madura-Limousine crossbreed cattle in Bangkalan Regency during dry season. A cross sectional method was applied in this study design. A total of 240 feces from 240 beef cattle were collected during dry season (July to August 2020). Observation of worms in the feces was conducted using the McMaster method. In addition, the sedimentation method was used to identify worms from the Trematode class. Data were analysed descriptively and statistically using chi-square method. The results showed that the prevalence of helminthiasis during dry season reached 20 %, with the most prevalence eggs type belongs to Strongyle spp. (14.5 %), Fasciola sp. (3.3 %), Trichostrongylus sp. (1.25 %), Strongyloides sp. (0.8 %), and Paramphistomum sp. (0.8 %). The degree of infection observed from the average number of worm eggs, was mild. Average geometric number of worm eggs per gram of feces (EPG) was Trichostrongylus sp. 233 (range 100 to 400), Strongyle spp. 122 (range 50 to 350), Strongyloides sp. 75 (range 50 to 100), Paramphistomum sp. 25 (range 1 to 50), and Fasciola sp. 1 (range 0 to 1). Hekminthiasis among beef cattle in Bangkalan Regency was not affected by the type of cow but was significantly affected by gender and age.

Oxidative Stress and High-Mobility Group Box 1 Assay in Dogs with Gastrointestinal Parasites.

This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of reactive oxidative metabolites, the antioxidant barrier, thiol groups of plasma compounds, and high-mobility group box 1 in shelter dogs naturally infected with helminths. In addition, the correlation between clinical signs and oxidative stress was investigated. Sixty-six (41 male and 25 female) adult mixed-breed dogs housed in a shelter with the diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematodes (i.e., Ancylostoma spp., Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, or Trichuris vulpis) were enrolled in Group 1 (G1) and twenty healthy adult dogs were included in Group 2 (G2), which served as the control. A clinical assessment was performed using a physician-based scoring system. Oxidative stress variables and high-mobility group box 1 were assessed and compared by the means of unpaired t-tests (p < 0.05). Spearman’s rank correlation was performed to calculate the correlation between oxidative stress variables, high-mobility group box 1, hematological parameters, and clinical signs. The results showed statistically significant values for reactive oxidative metabolites, thiol groups of plasma compounds, and high-mobility group box 1 in G1. Negative correlations between thiol groups and the number of red cells and hemoglobin were recorded. These preliminary results support the potential role of oxidative stress and HGMB-1 in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in dogs.

Prevalence and associated factors of gastrointestinal helminthiasis of lactating cow and effect of strategic deworming on milk quantity, fat, and protein in Kucha, Ethiopia

BackgroundGastrointestinal helminthiasis poses economic impacts on the dairy sector by reducing milk production. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis, the burden of helminths, and appraising potential factors associated with the prevalence in lactating cows. The study was also designed to elucidate the effects of anthelmintic treatment on milk yield, milk fat, and protein content in the Kucha district.MethodsA cross-sectional and field clinical trial study designs were used. Standard parasitological techniques (floatation and sedimentation) were employed to detect cows’ infection status. McMaster and Stoll’s egg counting methods were used to estimate helminths' burden. All putative factors that might have been linked with infection were recorded by field observations and farmers' interviews. Sixty cows tested positive for the parasitic infection in the cross-sectional study design were randomly assigned into one of the two groups (dewormed Vs control). Milk yield, milk fat and protein contents were recorded in both groups on day zero and then on weekly basis. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and repeated measure ANOVA were used to analyze the data.ResultsOverall, of 422 examined cows, 150 (35.5%, 95% CI; 30.9-40.3%) were infected with at least one of the gastrointestinal helminth parasites. Strongyle nematode was the predominant type accounting for 52% of the total record. Analysis of fecal egg count (FEC) in infected cows depicts the highest record of Parampistomum egg, accounting 457.14 ± 275.45 Egg per gram (EPG) of feces. The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in cow that had an average body condition score of 1.7 was over two fold higher (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.17–4.17, P = 0.016) than in cows with 6.3 body condition score. A significant improvement in milk yield, milk fat, and milk protein was observed in dewormed cows over 28 days period.ConclusionGastrointestinal helminthiasis is threatening the welfare of lactating cows in Kucha, Ethiopia given its negative association with the body condition score. Gastrointestinal helminths are responsible for the reduction of milk yield and loss of milk fat and protein. However, an improvement in milk yield, milk fat, and milk protein after deworming using Tetrox® (Tetramisole and Oxyclozanide combination), a new drug to the area/ a drug used by relatively few farmers in the study area, proves the effectiveness of strategic deworming.

PREVALENCE OF DIGESTIVE ENDOPARASITES (HELMINTH AND PROTOZOA) IN PIGEON DOMESTIC (Columba livia) MALE AND FEMALE IN TUBAN

This research was conducted to determine the prevalence of major gastrointestinal helminthiasis and protozoal infections, the kinds of helminth and protozoa that infects and the effect of sex on pigeons in Tuban. Pigeons are taken from five The Tuban area is Widang, Montong, Jenu, Soko, Jatirogo. Each area is taken as many as 20 pigeons consists of 10 male pigeons and 10 female pigeons. Laboratory examinations were carried out in November to December 2021. Samples were examined by the native method, sedimentation, and flotation. Identification using a microscope using a 40x objective scale and 10x ocular scale. Data analysis using chi square test statistical analysis. 81% of the samples were positive for helminthiasis infection. Chi square test statistical analysis showed p value 0.022 (p&lt;0.05) which means significantly different. 71% of samples were positive for gastrointestinal protozoa infection in pigeons in Tuban. Chi square test Results Statistical analysis shows p the value of 0.123 (p&gt;0.05) which means that it is not significantly different. Type of protozoa found that Heterakis gallinarum (45%), Ascaridia columbae (42%), Capillaria sp. (41%), and Eimeria sp. (71%). That prevalence of helminthiasis in male pigeons higher (45%) compared to female pigeons (36%).

Morphometry, molecular identification and histopathology of Passalurus ambiguus Rudolphi, 1819 in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Qena, Upper Egypt.

In Egypt, domestic rabbits are commercially used for meat production. Adversely, gastrointestinal helminthiasis largely delays such concern. Passalurus ambiguus is a common intestinal nematode that infects rabbits causing intestinal disorders and death in severe infection. Therefore, domestic rabbits collected from several locations (poultry slaughter shops, rabbits farms, markets and public owners) in Qena, Upper Egypt. Passalurus ambiguus worms were detected in 90 out of 200 rabbits (45%). Grossly, they appeared as small white nodules in the appendix of the rabbits examined. Adult worms were described morphologically using light and scanning electron microscopy. Adult male measured 4.622 mm (2.838-7.172 mm) in length and 0.278 mm (0.139-0.558 mm) in width. Adult female measured 5.622 mm (2.347-9.532 mm) in length and 0.314 mm (0.185-0.381 mm) in width. SEM showed a transverse cuticular striations on the body of both males and females, four papillae on the dorsal and ventral surface and the mouth was triangular and surrounded by three teeth. Phylogenetic data proved the occurrence of the intestinal nematode, Passalurus ambiguus. Microscopically, heavy worms infestated the appendiceal layers causing appendicitis manifested by granuloma with hyperplasia in the epithelial lining inducedobstruction in the lumen. It could be concluded that morphological features, molecular phylogenetic data, and histopathological findings clearly identified the present species as Passalurus ambiguus Rudolphi, 1819.

The Prevalence and Identification of Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis in Beef Cattle in Lamongan District

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identification of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in beef cattle in Lamongan Regency. The subjects in this study were 100 cow feces divided per district as many as 20 cow feces, saturated sugar solution, PAM water, Aquadest, and 10% formalin. The stool examination was carried out using three methods as native, sedimentation, and floatation techniques. The result was positive if the analysis on the microscope shows worm eggs in beef cattle feces. The data in this study was presented in quantitative descriptive by calculating the numbers of prevalence. The results showed that the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in beef cattle in Lamongan Regency was 24%. In Kedungpring District, it was 25%, and Paciran District was 15%, Sukodadi District was 20%, Mantup District by 20%, and Tikung District by 40%. This study concluded that the prevalence rate in Lamongan Regency was 24%. This figure tended to be high because taking the feces was done in the rainy season with high humidity, which was a factor in the high incidence of helminthiasis. Treatment of worms has not been carried out routinely by breeders, and the drums' hygiene was still not right; it was still traditional.Â

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis in Horses and Donkeys of Hawassa District, Southern Ethiopia.

Background Gastrointestinal helminth parasite infection is a major influencing factor against the profitability of working equines all over the world. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract (GI) helminths and assess the associated risk factors in donkeys and horses in the Hawassa district. A total of 214 fecal samples were collected from randomly selected equines (112 donkeys and 102 horses) and examined for the presence of eggs of GI helminths using standard coprological techniques. Results According to the current study, the prevalence of GI helminths in equine was 78.5% (168/214) and the highest prevalence was reported in donkeys 92% (103/112) as compared to horses 63% (65/102). Out of 168 positive samples, the different species of parasites were identified, namely, Strongyle species 120 (56.1%), Strongyloides westeri 76 (35.5%), Parascaris equorum 54 (25.2%), Anoplocephala perfoliata 34 (15.8%), Oxyuris equi 20 (9.3%), Fasciola hepatica 18 (8.8%), Gastrodiscus species 12 (5.6%), and Dictyocaulus arnfieldi 4 (1.8%). There was a strong association between the prevalence of GI helminths and factors such as the species of equine, body condition scores, and feed type (p < 0.05). However, no significant association (p > 0.05) was observed between the prevalence of GI helminths and putative risk factors such as age, sex, housing, and water source. The coproculture performed on 30 pooled fecal samples revealed that Cyathostomes species, Strongylus vulgaris, and Strongylus edentatus were the major helminth parasites of donkeys and horses. Conclusion The frequency of gastrointestinal helminths in equine species was high, especially in donkeys. Hence, strategic deworming using broad-spectrum antihelminthic drugs and a rotational grazing program should be implemented to control and prevent the diseases.

Prevalensi dan Derajat Infeksi Helminthiasis Gastrointestinal pada Sapi Bali (Bos sondaicus) di Peternakan Rakyat Mutu Desa Sepayung Kecamatan Plampang Kabupaten Sumbawa Besar Nusa Tenggara Barat

Bali cattle is one of the cattle that are more in demand by the community, especially the people ofSumbawa Besar. Healthy cows that are in a state or physiological body functioning normally, which meansthat cattle avoid various diseases, especially Helminthiasis. The purpose of this study was to determine theprevalence and degree of gastrointestinal helminthiasis infection in Balinese cattle (Bos sondaicus) in MutuPeople's Farms in Sepayung village, Plampang sub-district, Sumbawa Besar district, NTB. This research is adescriptive study with Based on Rates or calculation of the prevalence rate and degree of GastrointestinalHelminthiasis infection in bali cattle feces at Mutu People's Farm in Sepayung Village, Plampang District,Sumbawa Besar Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. This research was conducted in February 2020 in theLaboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, West Nusa Tenggara University, examined using the McMaster method and counted the number of worm eggs per gram of feces. Based on the results of laboratorytests conducted on 37 bali cattle feces samples, found 6 samples infected with Trichostrongylus sp. and 2samples were infected with Ostertagia sp. The results of examinations that have been done, the prevalencefound in this study is Trychostrongylus 16.21% while in Ostertagia it is 5.40% with the degree of infection inTrichostrongylus moderate infections and in mild infections Ostertagia. Based on the results of laboratorytests conducted on 37 bali cattle feces samples, found 6 samples infected with Trichostrongylus sp. and 2samples were infected with Ostertagia sp. The results of examinations that have been done, the prevalencefound in this study is Trychostrongylus 16.21% while in Ostertagia it is 5.40% with the degree of infection inTrichostrongylus moderate infections and in mild infections Ostertagia. Based on the results of laboratorytests conducted on 37 bali cattle feces samples, found 6 samples infected with Trichostrongylus sp. and 2samples were infected with Ostertagia sp. The results of examinations that have been done, the prevalencefound in this study is Trychostrongylus 16.21% while in Ostertagia it is 5.40% with the degree of infection inTrichostrongylus moderate infections and in mild infections Ostertagia.

Morphological identification of Nematodirus spathiger nematodes (Nematoda, Molineidae) obtained from the small intestine of sheep

Strongyloidiases are caused by nematodes of the suborder Strongylida and are the most widely prevalent group of gastrointestinal helminthiases of sheep in many regions of the world. Among gastrointestinal strongylids, the helminths of the genus Nematodirus are represented by the largest number of species and highest infection rates in sheep. Nematodirosis causes significant economic losses in the sheep industry through decreased sheep productivity, delayed growth and development of young animals, and a reduced resistance to other diseases. Timely and accurate diagnosis of nematodirosis and identification of the pathogen will effectively prevent the disease and help to carry out treatment and prevention measures. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the definitive morphometric characters of mature males and females of Nematodirus spathiger Railliet, 1896, obtained from the small intestine of domestic sheep. The results of experimental studies showed that nematodes of this species morphologically are characterized by a thin filiform body, a vesicle at the head end and a chitinous tooth in a short oral capsule. The differential morphological features of male nematodes of N. spathiger include specifics of the structure of spicules, their distal end and the shape and location of the rays of the caudal bursa; in females, those are the features of the structure of the vulva and tail end. In identification of male nematodes of N. spathiger, it is proposed to use 40 metric parameters, of which 11 characterize the overall size of the body, esophagus and vesicles, 24 refer to the size of the tail bursa, 5 to the size of the spicules and the enveloping membrane. To help identify the females of N. spathiger, 25 parameters are chosen, of which 14 also characterize the overall size of the body, esophagus and head vesicle, 6 refer to the size of the cuticular formations of the vulva and its location, and 5 to the size of the tail end, the location of the anus and the size of the tail spike.

Причинно-наслідковий аналіз формування анемій у дітей

The purpose of the study was to determine the main causal factors in the formation of anemia in children of Ukraine, depending on the morphometric changes in erythrocytes of blood, indicators of iron metabolism for the formation of a risk group for oncohematological diseases. Material and methods. 770 children were examined: 724 with anemia, 46 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We studied the parameters of the erythrocyte lineage of hematopoiesis, morphometric parameters of erythrocytes, indicators of iron metabolism (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, the transferrin saturation with iron, hematocrit, the content of δ-aminolevulinic acid and coproporphyrin in urine, pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone depending on the type of somatic pathology. Anemic states were distributed taking into account the average erythrocyte volume and the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte, and dividing diagnoses microcytic-hypochromic or normocytic-normochromic anemia, respectively. Results and discussion. The study showed that in children with normocytic-normochromic anemia, the number of erythrocytes and hematocrit were lower than in patients with microcytic-hypochromic anemia, while average erythrocyte volume, average hemoglobin content, serum iron, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation with iron were higher. The number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood in all the examined subjects was standard. That is, the anemic conditions in children differed in ferrokinetic parameters, in particular, with and without iron deficiency. Taking into account the age of the children and the reasons for the development of anemia, a third of the girls of puberty with microcytic-hypochromic anemia had menorrhagias. In children under 6 years of age with normocytic-normochromic anemia, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract were more often registered; in the older 6 years – gastrointestinal diseases, helminthiasis and allergic reactions compared with patients with microcytic-hypochromic anemia. The development of normocytic-normochromic anemia in children and the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract were influenced by drug treatment for chronic pathology in the body. All children with anemia had an irrational diet. Porphyria was diagnosed in 3.8% of children with microcytic-hypochromic anemia. In 12.7% of children with normocytic-normochromic anemia, the serum thyroid stimulating hormone level was at the upper limit of the reference value (mean 3.3±0.6) mU/L), which correlated with a reduced number of erythrocytes in blood (r = -0.65) and increased values of average erythrocyte volume (r = 0.41) and average hemoglobin content (r = 0.35), and indicates changes in the erythrocyte lineage of hematopoiesis associated with the initial manifestations of thyroid hypofunction. An excess of iron was observed in 7.1% of older boys with normocytic-normochromic anemia, which requires additional examination. In patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were diagnosed with normocytic-normochromic anemia of varying severity. The serum ferritin level was (272.1±28.4) ng/ml and was significantly higher than in children with normocytic-normochromic anemia. In 12 of 46 patients, transferrin saturation with iron was increased and amounted to (70.2±2.3)%. Moreover, the higher the level of serum iron and serum ferritin, the higher was the transferrin saturation with iron (rs = 0.5; rs = 0.85). An inverse correlation was established between transferrin saturation with iron, patient survival (rs = -0.45) and a higher probability of death (rs = -0.46). Conclusion. Children with normocytic-normochromic anemia require in-depth examination and constitute a risk group for the development of myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia

Prevalance and Intensity of Helminthiasis in Gastrointestinal Tractus of Goat At Kwanyar Sub-District, Bangkalan District

This study aims to determine the prevalence and intensity of helminthiasis in gastrointestinal tract of goat at Kwanyar Sub-District, Bangkalan District. The study was conducted in August-October 2018 with 100 samples of stool examination in the laboratory of Helmintology, Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. The results were found various worm eggs such as Oesophagustomum sp., Strongyloides sp., Haemonchus sp., Trichuris sp., and Chabertia sp. Moreover, the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis was recorded at 100%. In addition, the calculation of worm eggs per gram fecal sample was obtained the number of infecting eggs ranges from 0-500 and the categorized as mild degree of infection. The results of statistical analysis using Chi-Square test was showed no significant differences in the intensity of infection in male and female goats (p&gt;0.05). However, there was significant differences in the intensity of infection in goat between 0-12 months age and above 12 months age (p&lt;0.05).

The Incidence Rate of Helminthiasis in The Digestive Tract of Dairy Cattle in The Partnership of PT. Greenfields Indonesia

Background: One of the partnerships of PT. Greenfields Indonesia is located on the slopes of Mount Kawi, precisely in Pijiombo, Ngadirenggo Village, Wlingi District, Blitar Regency. The tropical situation in this area is very humid and has high rainfall. It causes dairy cattle to be infected with helminths. Therefore, observations of the incidence rate of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in dairy cattle are needed. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in dairy cattle in the partnership of PT. Greenfields Indonesia. Method: Fecal samples from 36 dairy cattle were collected and examined using native, sedimentation, and flotation techniques. Result: Indicated that the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in the dairy cattle was about 66,66%. There were 24 dairy cattle positively and 12 cattle negatively. Helminth species found included class Nematoda (Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Mecistocirrus digitatus, and Gaigeria pachyscelis) and Cestoda (Moniezia expansa). Conclusion: The incidence rate of helminthiasis was quite high dairy cattle in the partnership of PT. Greenfields Indonesia.

The Incidence of Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis in Etawa Crossbred Goat in Etawa Farm Jombang

Background: Goat is one type of small ruminant that has a contribution to supporting the development of livestock and is an alternative to meet the needs of animal protein in Indonesian society. The current goat raising system is still carried out by being caged or semi-grazed. In this maintenance system, goats are very susceptible to parasitic diseases, especially those caused by the digestive tract worms. Gastrointestinal worms are a significant problem in livestock, especially small ruminants that cause health problems, such as diarrhea, weight loss, and decreased appetite. Purpose: To determine the percentage and types of digestive tract helminths in Etawa crossbred goats by age. Method: 30 feces samples from Etawa crossbred goats were collected for laboratory examination using native, sedimentation, and flotation methods. Result: From the microscopic examination, it was found that the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis was 56.6%. Also, the type of worm eggs found in the feces samples from Etawa crossbred goats were Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Moniezia benedeni, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Strongyloides papillosus, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus sp., and Trichuris globulosa.

Efficacy of antiparasitic drugs in control of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in naturally colored and white lambs from southern Brazil

Parasitic infections and the efficiency of different drugs were evaluated considering efficacy percentages, reduction in count of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and larval culture in 60, 30 white and 30 naturally colored Corriedale lambs. Each phenotypic group was subdivided into six groups of five animals, each of which was administered one of the active ingredients: albendazole, levamisole hydrochloride, dysophenol, nitroxynil and moxidectin, in addition to a control group, unmedicated. Helminths were considered susceptible to nitroxinil and resistant to albendazole, levamisole, moxidectin (moderately effective) and to dysophenol (insufficiently active). In the culture of larvae, levamisole, nitroxinil and moxidectin were totally efficient (100%) against Oesophagostomum spp., moxidectin was totally efficient against Trichostrongylus spp. and nitroxinil was efficient (97%) against Haemonchus spp. Evaluating the EPG means of the phenotypic groups, it was observed higher parasitic infections in white ewes (p&lt;0.05), in pre- and post-treatment. Therefore, it was concluded that the drug nitroxinil was the only effective for the reduction of the total parasite load of both phenotypic groups, being indicated for use in the herd in question. The genus Haemonchus spp. was the most prevalent and resistant to the drug action. Naturally colored Corriedale lambs, from the herd, showed increased resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infections.