Gastric Ulcer Research Articles

Impact of Activity-Based Training on Bowel Function in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury.

Significant bowel-related issues after spinal cord injury (SCI) that affect morbidity and quality of life (QOL) include diminished bowel motility, loss of sphincter control, gastric ulcers, autonomic dysreflexia, pain, diarrhea, constipation, and fecal incontinence. Clinical diagnoses and research in humans have largely relied on anorectal manometry (ARM) procedures to increase understanding of the functional effects of SCI on colorectal motility and defecation physiology. Recent pre-clinical rodent studies have also used ARM to further our understanding of bowel-related dysfunctions post-SCI. In the present study, the benefits of different activity-based training (ABT) durations on bowel function were examined. Six groups of male rats including two non-training (NT; uninjured and SCI) and four ABT (quadrupedal [Quad or Q] stepping on a treadmill) groups. All ABT animals received 4 weeks of 1-h daily stepping beginning 2 weeks post-SCI followed by variable amounts for 4 additional weeks (none; daily; once a week; daily for final 4th week only). Outcome measures included fecal output (home cage; metabolic cage) throughout the study and terminal measurements (post 8-week ABT) of external anal sphincter (EAS) electromyography, resting anorectal pressure, and giant contraction (GC) activation under urethane anesthesia. The results indicate that treadmill training normalized defecation amount based on feces weight and food intake, as well as GC frequency, EAS latency and amplitude during fecal expulsion, and resting pressure in specific areas within the colorectum. The two intermittent training groups consistently showed recorded metrics comparable to the non-injured group. The results demonstrate bowel dysfunction in the rodent SCI contusion model with improvements in functional outcomes following ABT. Importantly, the benefits to bowel-related functions with versus without intermittent ABT illustrate the need for periodic therapy to maintain the functional gains of ABT.

Curcumin regulates inflammation and apoptosis through PARP-1 and NF-κB in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model

Curcumin regulates inflammation and apoptosis through PARP-1 and NF-κB in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model

Licorice flavonoid ameliorates ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by suppressing apoptosis via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Ethnopharmacological relevanceLicorice is the dry roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., which was first recorded in Shengnong's herbal classic. Licorice flavonoid (LF) is the main compound isolated from licorice with an indispensable action in treating gastric ulcer (GU). However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to investigate and further elucidate the mechanisms of LF against ethanol-induced GU using an integrated approach. Materials and methodsThe anti-GU effects of LF were evaluated in an ethanol-induced gastric injury rat model. Then, the metabolomics approach was applied to explore the specific metabolites and metabolic pathways. Next, the network pharmacology combined with metabolomics strategy was employed to predict the targets and pathways of LF for GU. Finally, these predictions were validated by molecular docking, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. ResultsLF had a positive impact on gastric injury and regulated the expression of GU-related factors. Upon serum metabolomics analysis, 25 metabolic biomarkers of LF in GU treatment were identified, which were primarily involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and other related processes. Subsequently, a “components-targets-metabolites” network was constructed, revealing six key targets (HSP90AA1, AKT1, MAPK1, EGFR, ESR1, PIK3CA) that may be associated with GU treatment. More importantly, KEGG analysis highlighted the importance of the PI3K/AKT pathway including key targets, as a critical route through which LF exerted its anti-GU effects. Molecular docking analyses confirmed that the core components of LF exhibited a strong affinity for key targets. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and western blotting results indicated that LF could reverse the expression of these targets, activate the PI3K/AKT pathway, and ultimately reduce apoptosis. ConclusionLF exerted a gastroprotective effect against gastric ulcer induced by ethanol, and the therapeutic mechanism may involve improving metabolism and suppressing apoptosis through the PI3K-AKT pathway.

Effect of celery (Apium graveolens l) ethanol extract on the prevention of gastric ulcers in rats

Background: Gastric ulcer is an excoriation area of the stomach caused by the destruction of mucosal defense against the predominant factors. One of the efforts that should be made to reduce the incidence of gastric ulcers is a precautionary measure to use ethanol extract of celery (Apium graveolens L). Celery contains phenolic compounds, such as apigenin which acts as an antioxidant. Antioxidant has the potential as an agent of gastric mucosal protection against cell damage caused by excessive activation of free radicals (ROS). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of celery ethanol extract in preventing gastric ulcers through a reduction of ulcer lesion length. Method: Research method Post-test Only Randomized Controlled Group Design conducted on Wistar strain rats. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups: healthy, normal wound with induction indomethacin, and celery ethanol extract administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg, 300, mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg. Observations were made on the length of gastric ulcer lesions. The length of the gastric ulcer was measured using a vernier caliper and statistically analyzed by the One-way ANOVA test. Result: The result showed that the ethanol extract of celery at 300mg/kgBB was the best dose in preventing the formation of gastric ulcer by decreasing the length of the gastric ulcer. Conclusion: Based on these results, the researcher suggests comparing other various parameters regarding the effect of celery ethanol extract for the prevention of gastric ulcers.

Saudi Female Sexual Dysfunction After Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background Obesity disrupts the equilibrium of sexual hormones, resulting in decreased sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of substantial weight loss after bariatric surgery on sexual function, psychological health, and the overall quality of sexual life in a group of Saudi females. Method The study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted at King Fahad Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The study included adult female patients who had previously undergone bariatric surgery. We used the Sexual Quality of Life for Female (SQoL-F) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires to collect data. The study was extended from January 1, 2021, to December 30, 2022. Results A total of 100 participants were included in this study, all the samples underwent vertical sleeve gastrectomy, their mean age was 36.7±9.3, 94% (n=94) of the respondents had high school education or above, 50.0%(n=50) were unemployed, and around 13% (n=13) of the samples had a psychiatric history. Surgery complications were reported in 10% (n=10), which were reported as esophagitis (n=4), gastric ulcer (n=2), gastric stricture (n=1), infection (n=2), and leakage (n=1). The median of the FSFI and SQoL-F was 47.0 and 24.5, respectively. Approximately 66% of the respondents agreed that their sexual lives improved after surgery, 22% did not feel any difference before and after surgery, and 9% witnessed deterioration. In total, 61.0% had female sexual dysfunction (FSD) (25% had no dysfunction afterward, 45% had mild dysfunction, 27% suffered mild to moderate dysfunction, and only 2% had severe dysfunction). Regarding SQoL-F, the mean score was 5.59 for sexual repression, 6.1 for self-worthlessness, 18.56 for sexual and relationship satisfaction, and 16.4 for psychological feelings. Conclusions Bariatric surgery was associated with the improvement of female sexual function.

Mucormycosis mimicking portal hypertensive haemorrhage as a complication of alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a case report

Mucor is a rare cause of gastrointestinal ulcers. This case describes a case of mucormycosis that occurred in a patient with liver cirrhosis who was hospitalized to accept a splenectomy for traumatic splenic rupture. During the perioperative period, the patient developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB), which was diagnosed as mucormycosis-related gastric ulcer according to gastroscopy. Patients with liver cirrhosis often get UGIB for Portal hypertension, but they also can develop UGIB for multiple other reasons, including infectious ulcers for immunosuppression. The case emphasizes the importance of excluding fungal-induced ulcer haemorrhage before diagnosing Portal hypertensive-induced variceal haemorrhage in patients with liver cirrhosis.

ENHANCING GASTRIC ULCER MANAGEMENT: NOVEL INSIGHTS FROM TERAZOSIN-PANTOPRAZOLE COMBINATION THERAPY

In this present study, we explored a novel approach to gastric ulcer management by investigating the therapeutic potential of terazosin, an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor inhibitor, in combination with pantoprazole, a common anti-ulcer agent. Employing an ethanol-induced rat-gastric ulcer model, the study demonstrated that terazosin pre-treatment significantly reduced ulcer formation, with the terazosinpantoprazole combination exhibiting superior mucosal protection compared to pantoprazole alone. Histopathological analysis revealed preserved mucosal structure and reduced neutrophil infiltration, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. At a molecular level, the combination treatment groups exhibited elevated levels of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK-1), a vital enzyme in cellular energy metabolism, while inflammatory markers IκB kinase (IKK) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) were significantly reduced, signifying mitigation of inflammation. These findings of the three different combinations of terazosin with pantoprazole indicate that this can be a potential approach for the treatment of gastric ulcers and can help in reducing the existing pantoprazole dose.

FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOADHESIVE PELLETS FOR MANAGEMENT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION

Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium, is a group I carcinogen which is responsible for duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. The existing treatment is based on the use of proton pump inhibitors, but is inadequate owing to factors such as low concentration of drug reaching the target site, short residence time, and resistance to activity. Intending to mitigate these limitations, bioadhesive pellets of tinidazole and pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate for the management of H. pylori infection were developed. Tinidazole-loaded pellets will act on gastric mucosa and pantoprazole-loaded pellets will release the drug in the intestine. Readily dispersible bioadhesive pellets were formulated by extrusion spheronization using Noveon® AA and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as the matrix-forming polymers and microcrystalline cellulose as the core-forming agent. The size of placebo pellets was 1.192±0.017mm. Pantoprazole pellets were coated with Eudragit® S100 to achieve sustained drug release in the intestine. In vitro release studies of pellets showed that 98.331±0.456% and 99.438±0.465% of tinidazole and pantoprazole, respectively were released by the end of 8 h. Ex vivo mucoadhesion study on the gastric mucosa of goat demonstrated a mucoadhesive force of 2.3544±0.02 N. The study thus indicates that the developed formulation sustains the release of tinidazole as well as pantoprazole sodium and could prove to be efficacious and promising for H. pylori eradication at lower doses, reduced adverse effects, and enhanced bioavailability.

Protective effect of tomato pomace extract encapsulated in combination with probiotics against indomethacin induced enterocolitis

Tomato pomace (TP), an antioxidant-rich byproduct, may be suitable for noble applications. The regulation of ROS generation and the anti-inflammatory response can help to prevent ulceration. The purpose of this study was to examine TP for antioxidants, in silico anti-inflammatory properties, and its potential to protect against ulceration and erosion triggered by indomethacin. Tomato pomace extract (TPE) was encapsulated either alone or with probiotics to maximize its potential effect. These microcapsules were investigated in indomethacin-treated rats. TPE demonstrated antioxidant activity as well as high levels of carotenoids (15 mg/g extract) and polyphenols. Because of their binding affinity as well as hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions with the active sites of TNF-α and IL-1β inflammatory cytokines, ellagic acid and rutin may be implicated in the anti-inflammatory effect of TPE, according to the docking study. TPE microcapsules, either alone or in combination with probiotics, demonstrated a protective effect against enterocolitis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by the decrease in stomach and intestinal MDA, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and the increase in CAT, SOD, and GSH activities. The produced microcapsules are suggested to be promising candidates for protection against gastric ulcers and erosion.

Indomethacin-omeprazole as therapeutic hybrids? Salt and co-amorphous systems enhancing physicochemical and pharmacological properties

Multidrug therapeutic hybrids constitute a promising proposal to overcome problems associated with traditional formulations containing physical mixtures of drugs, potentially improving pharmacological and pharmaceutical performance. Indomethacin (IND) is a non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) that acts by inhibiting normal processes of homeostasis, causing a series of side effects, such as gastrointestinal symptoms. Proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole (OME), have been used to treat such gastrointestinal tract symptoms. In this work, two new multidrug therapeutic hybrids were prepared (an IND:OME salt and an IND:OME co-amorphous system) by ball mill grinding crystalline IND and OME under different conditions, i.e., liquid assisted grinding (LAG) with ethanol and dry grinding, respectively. The crystalline salt returned to a neutral state co-amorphous system when submitted to ball mill grinding in the absence of solvent (dry grinding), but the reverse process (LAG of the IND:OME co-amorphous system) showed partial decomposition of OME. The IND:OME co-amorphous system showed a higher physical stability than the neat IND and OME amorphous materials (with an amorphous stability longer than 100 days, compared to 4 and 16 h for the neat amorphous drugs, respectively, when stored at dry conditions at room temperature). Furthermore, OME presented a higher chemical stability in solution when dissolved from a salt form than from the pure crystalline form. The dissolution studies showed a dissolution enhancement for IND in both salt (1.8-fold after 8 h of dissolution) and co-amorphous (2.5-fold after 8 h of dissolution) forms. Anti-inflammatory activity using a mice paw oedema model showed an increase of the pharmacological response to IND at a lower dose (∼5mg/kg) for both IND:OME salt (2.8-fold) and IND:OME co-amorphous system (3.2-fold) after 6 h, when compared to the positive control group (IND, administered at 10 mg/kg). Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of both salt and co-amorphous form was faster than for the crystalline IND. Finally, an indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration assay in mice resulted in a higher mucosal protection at the same dose (40 mg/kg) for both IND:OME salt and IND:OME co-amorphous system when compared with crystalline OME.

Anti H. pylori, anti-secretory and gastroprotective effects of Thymus vulgaris on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in Sprague Dawley rats.

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the acute toxicity, gastroprotective, therapeutic, anti-inflammatory and anti H. pylori activities of T. vulgaris total plant extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were divided into five groups i.e G-1 (Normal Control), Group 2 (ulcer control) were administered orally with 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Group 3 (omeprazole treated) was administered orally with 20 mg/kg of omeprazole and Groups 4 and 5 (Low dose and High dose of the extract) were administered orally with 250, and 500 mg/ kg of Thymus vulgaris extract, respectively. After 1 hour, the normal group was orally administered with 0.5% CMC (5 ml/kg), whereas absolute alcohol (5ml/ kg) was orally administered to the ulcer control group, omeprazole group, and experimental groups. Stomachs were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Grossly, rats pre-treated with T. vulgaris demonstrated significantly decreased ulcer area and an increase in mucus secretion and pH of gastric content compared with the ulcer control group. Microscopy of gastric mucosa in the ulcer control group showed severe damage to gastric mucosa with edema and leukocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer. However, rats pretreated with omeprazole or Thyme vulgaris exhibited a mild to moderate disruption of the surface epithelium and lower level of edema and leukocyte infiltration of the submucosal layer. The T. vulgaris extract caused up-regulation of Hsp70 protein, down-regulation of Bax protein, and intense periodic acid Schiff uptake of the glandular portion of the stomach. Gastric mucosal homogenate of rats pre-treated with T. vulgaris exhibited significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities while malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly decreased. Based on the results showed in this study, Thymus vulgaris extract can be proposed as the safe medicinal plants for use and it has considerable gastroprotective potential via stomach epithelium protection against gastric ulcers and stomach lesions.

In Vitro and Biological Evaluation of Oral Fast-Disintegrating Films Containing Ranitidine HCl and Syloid® 244FP-Based Ternary Solid Dispersion of Flurbiprofen.

Flurbiprofen (FBP), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is commonly used to treat the pain of rheumatoid arthritis, but in prolonged use it causes gastric irritation and ulcer. To avoid these adverse events of NSAIDs, the simultaneous administration of H2 receptor antagonists such as ranitidine hydrochloride (RHCl) is obligatory. Here, we developed composite oral fast-disintegrating films (ODFs) containing FBP along with RHCl to provide a gastroprotective effect as well as to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of FBP. The ternary solid dispersion (TSD) of FBP was fabricated with Syloid® 244FP and poloxamer® 188 using the solvent evaporation technique. The synthesized FBP-TSD (coded as TSD) was loaded alone (S1) and in combination with plain RHCl (S2) in the composite ODFs based on hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose E5 (HPMC E5). The synthesized composite ODFs were evaluated by in vitro (thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, disintegration, SEM, FTIR, XRD and release study) and in vivo (analgesic, anti-inflammatory activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines and gastroprotective assay) studies. The in vitro characterization revealed that TSD preserved its integrity and was effectively loaded in S1 and S2 with optimal compatibility. The films were durable and flexible with a disintegration time ≈15 s. The release profile at pH 6.8 showed that the solid dispersion of FBP improved the drug solubility and release when compared with pure FBP. After in vitro studies, it was observed that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of S2 was higher than that of pure FBP and other synthesized formulations (TSD and S1). Similarly, the level of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) was also markedly reduced by S2. Furthermore, a gastroprotective assay confirmed that S2 has a higher safety profile in comparison to pure FBP and other synthesized formulations (TSD and S1). Thus, composite ODF (S2) can effectively enhance the FBP solubility and its therapeutic efficacy, along with its gastroprotective effect.

Monophasic coamorphous sulpiride: a leap in physicochemical attributes and dual inhibition of GlyT1 and P-glycoprotein, supported by experimental and computational insights

Study aimed to design and development of a supramolecular formulation of sulpiride (SUL) to enhance its solubility, dissolution and permeability by targeting a novel GlyT1 inhibition mechanism. SUL is commonly used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, migraine, anti-emetic, anti-depressive and anti-dyspeptic conditions. Additionally, Naringin (NARI) was incorporated as a co-former to enhance the drug’s intestinal permeability by targeting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux inhibition. NARI, a flavonoid has diverse biological activities, including anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to design and develop a supramolecular formulation of SUL with NARI to enhance its solubility, dissolution, and permeability by targeting a novel GlyT1 inhibition mechanism, extensive experimental characterization was performed using solid-state experimental techniques in conjunction with a computational approach. This approach included quantum mechanics-based molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) studies to investigate intermolecular interactions, phase transformation and various electronic structure-based properties. The findings of the miscibility study, radial distribution function (RDF) analysis, quantitative simulations of hydrogen/π–π bond interactions and geometry optimization aided in comprehending the coamorphization aspects of SUL-NARI Supramolecular systems. Molecular docking and MD simulation were performed for detailed binding affinity assessment and target validation. The solubility, dissolution and ex-vivo permeability studies demonstrated significant improvements with 31.88-fold, 9.13-fold and 1.83-fold increments, respectively. Furthermore, biological assessments revealed superior neuroprotective effects in the SUL-NARI coamorphous system compared to pure SUL. In conclusion, this study highlights the advantages of a drug-nutraceutical supramolecular formulation for improving the solubility and permeability of SUL, targeting novel schizophrenia treatment approaches through combined computational and experimental analyses. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Gastroprotective Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Oleuropein: An In Vivo Proof of Concept.

Oleuropein is the main constituent of olive leaf extract, and it has shown antioxidant and gastroprotective properties against gastric ulcers. Chitosan nanoparticles are known for their mucoadhesive abilities, and consequently, they can increase the retention time of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, loading oleuropein onto chitosan nanoparticles is expected to enhance its biological efficiency. Oleuropein-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and characterized for particle size, surface charge, in vitro release, and anti-inflammatory activity. Their in vivo efficacy was assessed by measuring specific inflammatory and protective biomarkers, along with histopathological examination. The optimum oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles were cationic, had a size of 174.3 ± 2.4 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 92.81%, and released 70% of oleuropein within 8 h. They recorded a lower IC50 in comparison to oleuropein solutions for membrane stabilization of RBCs (22.6 vs. 25.6 µg/mL) and lipoxygenase inhibition (7.17 vs. 15.6 µg/mL). In an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in vivo model, they decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, and TBARS levels by 2.1, 1.7, and 1.3 fold, respectively, in comparison to increments caused by exposure to ethanol. Moreover, they increased prostaglandin E2 and catalase enzyme levels by 2.4 and 3.8 fold, respectively. Immunohistochemical examination showed that oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles markedly lowered the expression of IL-6 and caspase-3 in gastric tissues in comparison to oleuropein solution. Overall, oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles showed superior gastroprotective effects to oleuropein solution since comparable effects were demonstrated at a 12-fold lower drug dose, delineating that chitosan nanoparticles indeed enhanced the potency of oleuropein as a gastroprotective agent.

Reviewing the pages of the first issues of «Perm medical journal»: 100th anniversary of this authoritative russian scientific edition

In 2023, we celebrate a historical date – the 100th anniversary of publishing the first issue of “Perm Medical Journal”. The first editor-in-chief was an outstanding doctor, the founder of the first surgical school, Professor V.N. Parin. The content of the first eight volumes of the journal issued from 1923 to 1930 is analyzed in the article. The first paper of the first issue of a journal was devoted to epidemic typhus and relapsing fever. The papers of great scientists, professors such as A.V. Pshenichnov, P.I. Pichugin, A.S. Lebedev, P.I. Chistyakov, V.P. Pervushin and others impress by profundity of thought. Great attention in the journal was paid to the questions of surgery and urology; these papers constituted 52% of the content of the first eight volumes. Analysis of the works belonging to V.N. Parin, D.P. Kuznetsky, V.P. Shipitsyn, B.Ya. Strelkov, A.A. Vechtomov and other authors, which were devoted to diagnostics, treatment and prevention of gastric ulcer, ventral hernias, tumors of different organs, inflammatory surgical diseases, vascular, urinary, urethral and genital injuries, rhinoplasty, show that these publications aroused interest among Russian and foreign scientists and physicians and significantly influenced a progress of medical science and practical health care.

Therapeutic Effects of Esomeprazole, Curcumin, Chitosan, and Curcumin-Chitosan Mixture on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Female Rats

Introduction: Gastric ulcer (GU) is a prevalent health issue linked to alcohol consumption, smoking, and physiological stress. This study aims to assess the therapeutic effects of esomeprazole (40 mg), curcumin (40 mg/kg), chitosan (150 mg/kg), and a mixture of curcumin (40 mg/kg) and chitosan (150 mg/kg) on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in female rats. Method: The study involved 30 female rats with an average weight ranging from 179.1 to 180.3 gm. Rats were divided into two control groups and four treated groups (esomeprazole, curcumin, chitosan, and mixture), each containing 5 rats. Gastric ulcers were induced by orally administering 2 ml of absolute ethanol to All groups, except the negative control, after a 19-hour fasting period. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by assessing gastric juice volume and pH, ulcer index, curative index, and through morphological and histological examination of the stomach. Results: The study revealed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in body weight percentage change in the curcumin-treated group compared to the positive control. Esomeprazole, chitosan, and the mixture showed mixture showed no significant change (p>0.05). Additionally, esomeprazole, curcumin, chitosan, and the mixture demonstrated a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in ulcer index and gastric juice volume, with a significant increase (p≤0.05) in pH compared to the positive control. Conclusion: In conclusion, esomeprazole, chitosan, and the mixture demonstrated notable protective effects and therapeutic effects by reducing ulcer index and gastric juice volume in ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in female rats.

The main aspects of the development and clinical-epidemiological features among the patients with gastric or duodenal peptic ulcer in Georgia

The main aspects of the development and clinical-epidemiological features among the patients with gastric or duodenal peptic ulcer in Georgia

Prevalence of modifiable risk factors of Hispanic adult patients admitted with gastric cancer in the US.

254 Background: More than 19% of the US population is comprised of Hispanic individuals. For decades, cancer incidence has been increasing in this population, including cancers associated with infection (gastric, hepatic, cervical) and resulting from delayed screening (colorectal, cervical and breast). Risk factors associated with gastric cancer include H. pylori, obesity, alcohol, and tobacco use. However, ethnicity has not been a commonly reported risk factor despite the fact that studies have shown increasing incidence of gastric cancer in Hispanics at a younger age. Methods: We used the 2016-2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to stratify patients with gastric cancer by age, ethnicity, and comorbidities. Results: There were 77,745 adults with gastric cancer. Of these, 578 (7.45%) were ages 18-44 (group 1), 28,370 (36.47%) 45-64 years old (group 2), and 43,590 (55.08%) were over 65 (group 3). Group 1 was comprised of 29.4% White, 34.3% Hispanic, 14.5% Black, and 21.8% Asian or Pacific Islander patients. Group 2 consisted of 46.7% White, 19.7% Hispanic, 17.4% Black, and 16.2% Asian or Pacific Islander individuals. Group 3 had the highest percentage of White patients (56.0%) and lowest percentage of Hispanic individuals (12.9%). Group 3 also consisted of 15.1% Black and 16.0% Asian or Pacific Islander patients. In Hispanics with gastric cancer, there was a predominance of H. pylori among younger patients (8.6% in group 1 vs 3.6% and 2.1% in groups 2 and 3 respectively) (p = 0.00). Incidence of smoking increased with age (19.9% in group 1, 28.1% in group 2 and 31.1% in group 3) (p = 0.00) as did incidence of diabetes (8.1% in group 1, 26.4% in group 2 and 36.0% in group 3) (p = 0.00). Alcohol use was 3.0% in group 1, 4.3% in group 2 and 2.3% in group 3 (p = 0.035). The differences between all groups for gastric ulcer, gastric polyp and obesity were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Gastric cancer accounts for approximately 1.5% of all new cancers diagnosed in the US, with a high incidence in older White populations. However, this study demonstrates that there is a large proportion of young Hispanics with gastric cancer who have higher associated instances of H. pylori. This suggests the need for further research to determine if there is utility in screening for H. pylori in asymptomatic young Hispanics to decrease the burden of gastric cancer in this population. [Table: see text]

Gastroprotective effect of rhodanine and 2,4-thiazolidinediones scaffolds in rat stomachs by contribution of anti-apoptotic (BCL-2) and tumor suppressor (P53) proteins

In recent times, the methods used to evaluate gastric ulcer healing worldwide have been based on visual examinations and estimating ulcer dimensions in experimental animals. In this study, the protective effect of rhodanine and 2,4-thiazolidinediones scaffolds compared to esomeprazole was investigated in an ethanol model of stomach ulcers in rats. Pretreatment with experimental treatments or esomeprazole prevented the development of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. The severity of the lesions and injuries was significantly lower than that of vehicle (10% Tween 80) treated rats. Significant and excellent results were obtained with the compound 6 group, with inhibition percentage and ulcer area values of 97.8% and 12.8 ± 1.1 mm2, respectively. Synthesized compounds 2, 7 and 8 exhibited inhibition percentages and ulcer areas of 94.3% and 31.2 ± 1.1 mm2, 91. 3% and 48.1 ± 0. 8 mm2, 89. 5% and 57. 6 ± 1. 2 mm2, and 89. 1% and 60.3 ± 0. 8 mm2, respectively. These biological outcomes are consistent with the docking studies in which Compounds 7 and 8 showed remarkable binding site affinities toward human H+/K+-ATPase α protein (ID: P20648), rat H+/K+-ATPase α protein (ID: P09626), and Na+/K+-ATPase crystal structure (PDB ID:2ZXE) with binding site energies of − 10.7, − 9.0, and − 10.4 (kcal/mol) and − 8.7, − 8.5, and − 8.0 (kcal/mol), respectively. These results indicate that these test samples were as effective as esomeprazole. Likewise, immunohistochemical staining of antiapoptotic (BCL2) and tumor suppressor (P53) proteins showed strong positive marks in the10% Tween 80- treated group, opposing the mild staining results for the esomeprazole-treated group. Similarly, the staining intensity of the group treated with Compounds 2–8 was variable for both proteins.

A case of a combination of gastric ulcer with a hernia of the esophageal orifice of the diaphragm in a 12-year-old patient

There is a rare clinical observation of a 12-year-old girl whose stomach ulcer in the acute stage was combined with chronic reflux esophagitis, hernia of the esophageal orifice of the diaphragm, exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis. This clinical situation required endoscopic, other instrumental and laboratory examination of a normosthenic child with complex, including anti-helicobacter therapy.