Gastric Ulcer Disease Research Articles

Behavioral Signature of Equine Gastric Discomfort? Preliminary Retrospective Clinical Observations.

Gastric ulcer disease and other potentially painful gastric conditions are among the most common afflictions adversely affecting the welfare of domestic equids. A large percentage of affected animals may not display the classic signs of gastric disease, such as unexplained weight loss, poor hair coat, and inappetence until the disease becomes severe. As a clinical service within our equine referral hospital, we routinely evaluate 24-h video recorded samples of horses to assist clinicians in identifying subtle discomfort and potential sources or to scan for infrequent neurologic or cardiac-related behavioral events. Empirically, we have recognized discomfort behaviors that appear to be uniquely associated with gastric disease. These include frequent attention to the cranial abdomen (nuzzling, swatting, nipping, and/or caudal gaze focused on the abdomen caudal to the elbow) and/or deep abdominal stretching, often within the context of eating, drinking, and/or anticipating feeding. To systematically evaluate the reliability of these purported gastric discomfort behaviors, we reviewed 30 recent 24-h video behavior evaluation cases for which (1) the clinical video behavior evaluation had been carried out without knowledge of the history and presenting complaint and (2) direct gastric examination had confirmed gastric disease status at the time. Twenty-four of the thirty cases showed gastric discomfort behavior, and all twenty-four had either gastric ulcers (n = 21) and/or gastric impaction (n = 3). Of the six cases not showing gastric discomfort behaviors, four were free of gastric disease, while two had mild lesions. Comparing horses with and without gastric disease, gastric discomfort behaviors were reported in 24 of the 26 (92%) with gastric ulcers or gastric impaction, compared to none of the four gastric disease-free horses. Although a larger prospectively designed study is needed to confidently estimate the sensitivity and specificity or the associations of behavior with the type or severity of gastric disease, these results confirm our long-held clinical impression of a behavioral signature for gastric discomfort in the horse.

<i> Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Mediated Gastric Ulcer: Insights into Efficacy and Strategies for Gastroprotective Treatments and Disease Management

Context: Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the primary etiological factors contributing to gastric ulcer disease, characterized by mucosal erosions in the stomach. This condition remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it substantially contributes to morbidity and premature mortality. Complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation exacerbate the disease burden, underscoring the need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandin analogues, and histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists in preventing and healing gastric ulcers caused by H. pylori and NSAID use. The study aims to identify optimal treatments and explore patient-specific responses for improved, personalized therapy. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of gastroprotective treatments, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), prostaglandin analogues, and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), in preventing and healing gastric ulcers. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria focused on Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) assessing these treatments in patients with gastric ulcers. Quality assessment was performed using the adapted Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was employed to determine pooled effect sizes, with heterogeneity assessed using Cochran’s Q and I² statistics. All analyses were conducted using Stata/MP 17.0. Results: The search identified 2,687 records, with 116 studies meeting the inclusion criteria after rigorous screening and quality assessment. The meta-analysis included studies on PPIs, prostaglandin analogues, and H2RAs, involving 18,042 participants in the treatment groups and 13,255 in the control groups. PPIs significantly reduced the incidence of gastric ulcers (log odds ratio = -1.17, 95% CI: -1.97 to -0.37, P < 0.001) with high heterogeneity (I² = 98.13%). Prostaglandin analogues (log odds ratio = -1.61, 95% CI: -2.49 to -0.73, P < 0.001) and H2RAs (log odds ratio = -0.86, 95% CI: -1.92 to 0.20, P < 0.001) also demonstrated significant protective effects despite high heterogeneity. Conclusions: Gastroprotective treatments, particularly PPIs and prostaglandin analogues, are effective in reducing gastric ulcer incidence. The high heterogeneity among studies suggests the need for individualized treatment approaches. Further research is warranted to refine protocols and optimize patient-specific therapies.

Proton pump inhibitors - possible side effects of long-term therapy: a review

Introduction and purpose: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which have been on the market for more than 30 years, are widely regarded as safe and effective medications. For this reason, they are very popular with both doctors and patients. PPIs find their use in the treatment of such ailments as gastroesophageal reflux, gastric ulcer disease or as a shielding therapy when taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nevertheless, their long-term use may be associated with many side effects. The purpose of our review is to summarize the knowledge in the current medical literature on the possible complications of chronic use of PPIs. The review is based on 30 articles from the most recent publications on chronic PPI treatment. Publications were searched for the words PPI chronic therapy, gastric cancer, omeprazole in PubMed databases. Articles from 2018-2024 represent 70% of all publications from the references. A brief description of the state of knowledge: Although the use of PPIs in the short term is relatively safe, the number of people taking these drugs has increased significantly in recent years. They are prescribed not always as indicated, patients often take them for too long - this in turn leads to an increasing incidence of side effects. Some of them can permanently affect health and significantly reduce the comfort of life - such as kidney diseases, cardiovascular disorders or gastric cancer. Summary: Considering the widespread availability and popularity of PPIs, it is important to adequately educate both patients and healthcare professionals of the possible side effects. It is crucial to use medications as prescribed, with an appropriate assessment of the risk-benefit ratio. It might result in reducing health care expenditures to deal with the consequences of IPP therapy.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease and risk factors in schoolchildren

Aim. To study the association between family predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in schoolchildren in ethnic populations of Tuva. Material and methods. A total of one thousand seventy nine children (761 Mongoloid-Tuvinian and 318 Caucasian) aged of 7–17 years in the Republic of Tyva were examined. Anamnestic data and information on gastrointestinal complaints in schoolchildren were obtained. The diagnostic criterion for GERD was complaints of weekly heartburn. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson chi-square test. Results. GERD children more often had anamnestic data on gastritis (p = 0.025), gastric ulcer (p = 0.039) and oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (p = 0.052) in parents. At the same time, schoolchildren of the indigenous population with GERD manifestations had greater unfavourable conditions for a number of diseases in parents: gastritis (p = 0.01), gastric ulcer (p = 0.012). Whereas in Caucasians, a similar association was not established. The association between GERD in schoolchildren and gastrointestinal pathology in grandparents (2nd degree of kinship) also concerned only Tuvans in the presence of gastritis (p = 0.023). Summary data on family history of gastrointestinal diseases (1st and 2nd generation relatives) in GERD children, as expected, prevailed in Tuvans (gastritis (p = 0.004), peptic ulcer (p = 0.033) and specifically gastric ulcer (p = 0.02)). A more negative association between GERD in Tuvan children and a family predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases, in contrast to Caucasians, may be due to a higher prevalence of a number of gastrointestinal diseases in adults and is related with the functional features of the system, formed under the influence of the features of traditional life and nutrition. Conclusion. In the Republic of Tyva, GERD in native schoolchildren is associated with a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases in relatives.

Immunological indicators of the risk of the transition from chronic gastritis to gastric ulcer in adolescents

As is known, gastric ulcer (GCC) and duodenal ulcer (duodenal ulcer) are chronic, complex-etiology diseases, the mechanism of which is based on complex transformations of nervous, hypothalamic-pituitary, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and local gastroduodenal processes that lead to a change in trophism in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. In turn, the incipient ulcerative defect is a source of irritation of the enteric receptors, supporting disorders of neurohormonal regulation. Thus, the resulting “vicious circle” causes the chronic course of peptic ulcer disease. During the study of chronic diseases of gastroduodenal localization, including peptic ulcer disease, many doctrines of its occurrence have been proposed. However, the issue of the origin of peptic ulcer disease still remains insufficiently studied; approaches and tactics for managing patients with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract are being developed. The aim of the study was to evaluate immunological indicators that determine the risk of chronic gastritis turning into gastric ulcer. The study included 120 children aged 14-17 years, permanently residing in the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Taking into account the importance of H. Pylori in the development of HCG, patients were distributed depending on the association of HCG with H. Pylori. To study cytokines, blood tests of patients were performed to determine the titer of antibodies (IgG and IdM) to H. Pylori, immunoglobulins A, M, G in blood serum, secretory IgA in oral fluid, IL-1β, IL-10, TNFα, VEGF in the serum of patients. At the same time, blood sampling was carried out in the periods before and 3 weeks (21 days) after treatment. Thus, the study of the value of immunological blood parameters in the progression of HCG to gastric ulcer disease dictates the need to develop immunological indicators for predicting the progression of HCG to gastric ulcer in adolescents. An increase in TNFα levels indicates a high risk of developing gastric ulcer as a result of vascular damage and impaired local circulation. In the study, an established increase in the level of IL-1β indicates activation of the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in HCG, especially in HCG associated with H. Pylori. The use of these recommendations contributes to the monitoring of HCG, improving the effectiveness of diagnosis and the correct choice of treatment for patients with HCG, reducing mortality and disability at the same time.

Acute esophageal necrosis in the post-operative period: a narrative review of presentation, management, and outcomes.

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is a rare clinical condition characterized by diffuse, circumferential, black mucosal discoloration of the distal esophagus. The cause is multifactorial, frequently seen as a sequela to a large physiologic stressor such as trauma, multisystem organ failure, or sepsis. Mortality from AEN has previously been documented as high as 32%. Cases of AEN have been described in the post-operative period, however the etiology has not clearly been defined. A review of AEN was performed, predominately through case reports and small series. In combination of clinical experience and review, emphasis was placed on identification of shared risk factors, signs and symptoms and efficacious management. Patients diagnosed with AEN frequently have a documented history of diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Additional risk factors include duodenal and/or gastric ulcer disease, reflux anemia and malignancy. While more common in patients with multiple comorbidities, AEN is seen otherwise healthy post-operative patients. Surgery can act as a trigger for AEN, documented after transplants, oncologic operations, and routine cholecystectomies. The most common presenting symptom was hematemesis. Management focused on early diagnosis with upper endoscopy, supportive care and reversal of underlying stressors can mitigate morbidity and mortality. AEN is a rare and life-threatening condition that requires early identification and intervention to prevent severe morbidity and mortality. It not only occurs in patients with multiple comorbidities but also in otherwise healthy patients in response to a large stressor, such as surgery.

Unravelling Peptic Ulcers: Comprehensive Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Screening Techniques, and Treatment.

The risk of illnesses is increasing in the modern era due to unhealthy and modern lifestyles. Research has shown that the most frequent acid-induced abrasion, which often occurs in the stomach and proximal duodenum, is gastric and Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), which is a primary worldwide health concern. The deformity is characterized by denuded mucosa and spreads into the submucosa. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and H. pylori infections are two common offenders. In the past, it has been thought that dietary variables, stress, and an acidic hypersecretory state encourage mucosal disruption in peptic acid disease patients. Peptic ulcers continue to be a significant health issue because of their potential for substantial consequences, including bleeding, blockage, and perforation, even with advancements in detection and treatment. This review discusses current screening methods for peptic ulcers and the challenges in diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing the need for precise diagnosis and more effective therapies.

NSAID-induced Gastric Ulcer Disease: A Deleterious Connection.

Gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage have become a common public health problem, and several studies have established chronic NSAID usage to be one of the risk factors for the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers in patients. This review includes numerous articles that link NSAID usage with peptic mucosal erosion, especially among patients under anticoagulant therapy or with other risk factors. Risk factors for NSAID-induced peptic ulcers are reviewed, in addition to pathogenesis, clinical signs, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatments. We also emphasize effective methods for the prevention and management of peptic ulcers among NSAID users. Such methods include the use of selective Cyclo-oxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors as an alternative to aspirin or other Cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1) inhibitors, or using the lowest dosage possible in patients with other comorbidities. We have conducted a thorough review of the literature on diagnostic tests and alternative medication that can be used in the management of NSAID toxicity-induced ulcers.

Морфофункциональные изменения СОЖ откормочных свиней при хеликобактериозе

Abstract. The purpose is to study the features of morphofunctional changes in the gastric mucosa of fattening pigs in gastric ulcer disease and to establish a possible correlation between pathological changes and colonization of the gastric mucosa of H. suis. Methods. The study is based on pathoanatomic, microscopic, molecular genetic and histological research methods. Results. In 86 % of cases, significant pathomorphological changes in the gastric mucosa of pigs were detected during a pathoanatomical autopsy. Spiral-shaped microorganisms in smears were found in 28 %, H. suis DNA on the gastric mucosa – in 76 %. In the examined samples in which H. DNA was found. suis in the gastric mucosa, 76.3 % revealed various pathologies in the esophagus, 92% revealed various pathologies on the gastric mucosa. In 24 %, when H. suis DNA was not detected, 33.3 % showed no visible damage and 66.7 % revealed various pathologies. The results of the correlation between morphological changes in the gastric mucosa and its infection with helicobacter reached the limits of statistical reliability. Histological methods revealed that active chronic gastritis was detected in 48.0 %, inactive chronic gastritis was detected in 34.0 % and the norm (almost the norm) was found in 8.0 %. Chronic gastritis during exacerbation was reliably diagnosed in 55.2 % of cases when H. suis DNA was detected on the gastric mucosa. Chronic gastritis during remission was diagnosed in 34.2 % of cases when H. suis DNA was detected on the gastric mucosa. The results presented in the work reflect the undoubted connection between the presence of H. suis and the development of gastritis in pigs.

Comparison of Therapeutic Outcomes: Two Triple-Therapy Approaches for H. pylori Eradication in Gastric Ulcer Disease

Comparison of Therapeutic Outcomes: Two Triple-Therapy Approaches for H. pylori Eradication in Gastric Ulcer Disease

Protective effect of astaxanthin on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcerations in mice

Gastric ulcer disease remains one of the common medical burdens affecting millions worldwide due to its prevalent risk factors with the chronic usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at the top, reportedly through the stimulation of oxidative stress and triggering of inflammatory and apoptotic cascades in the gastric mucosa. Astaxanthin, a dietary keto-carotenoid derived from marine organisms is gaining a wide interest as a nutraceutical for its pronounced antioxidant properties. Here, we aim to examine the potential modulatory role of astaxanthin on indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in experimental mice. Twenty-four Swiss albino mice were randomly distributed into four groups: a control group, an indomethacin group, and two groups pre-treated with either omeprazole or astaxanthin. The gastric tissues were assessed using gross morphology, ulcer scoring, gastric juice acidity, as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histopathological examination and immunostaining for nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and caspase-3 levels were also employed. Indomethacin group tended to show a higher number of mucosal ulcerations relative to control and pre-treated groups. The indomethacin group also showed significantly lower GSH levels and higher MDA levels relative to control. Immunostaining of gastric tissue sections showed a higher reactivity to NF-κB and caspase-3 in indomethacin group. Astaxanthin pre-treatment significantly elevated gastric juice pH, normalized GSH levels, and lowered the indomethacin-induced elevations in MDA, NF-κB, and caspase-3 levels. These results indicate that astaxanthin exhibits a comparable protective effect to omeprazole, against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. This anti-ulcerogenic effect could be mediated through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic modulatory activities.Graphical

Therapeutic potential of Phycocyanin in gastrointestinal cancers and related disorders.

Gastrointestinal cancer is the most fatal cancer worldwide. The etiology of gastrointestinal cancer has yet to be fully characterized. Alcohol consumption, obesity, tobacco, Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric ulcer, colon polyps and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are among the several risks factors for gastrointestinal cancers. Phycocyanin which is abundant in Spirulina. Phycocyanin, a member of phycobiliprotein family with intense blue color, is an anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compound. Evidence exists supporting that phycocyanin has antitumor effects, exerting its pharmacological effects by targeting a variety of cellular and molecular processes, i.e., apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, migration and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Phycocyanin has also been applied in treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders such as, gastric ulcer, ulcerative colitis and fatty liver that is known as a risk factor for progression to cancer. Herein, we summarize various cellular and molecular pathways that are affected by phycocyanin, its efficacy upon combined drug treatment, and the potential for nanotechnology in its gastrointestinal cancer therapy.

Apigenin attenuates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats: emphasis on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and TGF-β1 enhancing activities.

Gastric ulcer disease is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. The most two common causes of the ulcer are Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In the past few decades, a significant decrease in the morbidity and mortality rate has been observed probably due to the discovery of proton pump inhibitors. However, the medications used to treat gastric ulcers impose several nauseous side effects. Therefore, recent studies focus on the use of natural products to treat gastric ulcers. In the current study, gastric ulcer was effectively induced using indomethacin, and the protective effect of apigenin, a potent antioxidant flavonoid, was assessed in comparison to omeprazole. The administration of a single oral indomethacin (50mg/kg) induced gastric ulcer as manifested by hemorrhagic lesions in the gastric mucosa, increased ulcer index, and histopathological alterations. Indomethacin also increased lipid peroxidation, decreased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, increased the immunoreactivity of the inflammatory markers cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), increased the transcription of the apoptotic marker, Bax, and decreased that of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Indomethacin also decreased the immunoreactivity of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). On the other hand, pretreatment with apigenin (10 and 20mg/kg) resulted in a dose-dependent improvement in the macroscopic and microscopic features of the gastric mucosa in a manner comparable to that of omeprazole. The gastroprotective effects of apigenin may be attributed to its anti-inflammatory, anti-antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities as well as enhancing the expression of TGF-β1. Further experimental and clinical research is required to confirm activity of apigenin as anti-ulcer agent.

<I>Helicobacter pylori</I> infection and dermatological diseases

Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori), microaerophilic spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacteria which colonize the gastric mucosa of human population, is the leading causal factor in the development of a whole range of diseases of the gastroduodenal region (chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer disease, MALT lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma). Since the discovery of H. pylori infection and the identification of its leading role in the development of a range of gastroenterological diseases, researchers have begun to actively study the potential trigger significance of this pathogen in the development of extragastric pathology. At the epidemiological level, H. pylori infection has been shown to be frequently associated with skin diseases such as rosacea, acne, chronic urticaria and psoriasis, although the clinical significance of these associations remains clouded. In fact, recent meta-analytic studies (2019–2024) demonstrate an increased risk of developing the above diseases in H. pylori-infected individuals with odds ratios ranging from 1.19 to 3.00. On the other hand, not all studies have showed that eradication therapy of this microorganism helps reduce the clinical severity of symptoms of skin diseases, which is hypothetically explained only by the trigger role of infection within the complex pathogenesis. In a modern light, such associations can be viewed in terms of pathogenetic findings through the implementation of the syndrome of increased epithelial permeability (SIEP). The chronic gastritis caused by H. pylori infection is believed to lead to increased permeability of the epithelial lining of the stomach, as well as the walls of the mucosal vessels and a higher exposure of bacterial and nutritional antigens in the systemic circulation, which can induce both local release of inflammatory mediators in tissues and systemic immunological reactions (autoimmune and inflammatory processes, formation of molecular mimicry-induced immune complexes and cross-reactive antibodies).

Assessment of omeprazole and famotidine effects on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in patients following kidney transplant-randomized controlled trial.

Tacrolimus is metabolized in the liver with the participation of the CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 enzymes. Proton pump inhibitors are used in kidney transplant patients to prevent duodenal and gastric ulcer disease due to glucocorticoids. Omeprazole, unlike famotidine, is a substrate and inhibitor of the enzymes CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of omeprazole and famotidine on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus. A randomized, non-blinded study involving 22 stabilized adult kidney transplant patients was conducted. Patients received the standard triple immunosuppression regimen and omeprazole 20mg (n = 10) or famotidine 20mg (n = 12). The study material consisted of blood samples in which tacrolimus concentrations were determined using the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immuno Assay method. A single administration of omeprazole increased tacrolimus concentrations at 2h (day 2) = 11.90 ± 1.59ng/mL vs. 2h (day 1 - no omeprazole administration) = 9.40 ± 0.79ng/mL (p = 0.0443). AUC0-6 amounted to 63.07 ± 19.46ng × h/mL (day 2) vs. 54.23 ± 10.48ng × h/mL (day 1), (p = 0.0295). AUC2-6 amounted to 44.32 ± 11.51ng × h/mL (day 2) vs. 38.68 ± 7.70ng × h/mL (day 1), (p = 0.0130). Conversely, no significant changes in values of pharmacokinetic parameters were observed for famotidine. Omeprazole significantly increases blood exposure of tacrolimus. The administration of famotidine instead of omeprazole seems safer for patients following kidney transplantation. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05061303.

RNA sequencing and proteomic profiling reveal alterations by MPTP in chronic stomach mucosal injury in tree shrew Chinese (Tupaia belangeri chinensis).

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that can cause gastrointestinal ulcers by affecting dopamine levels. Therefore, MPTP has been considered a toxic substance that causes gastric ulcer disease in experimental animals. In this study, tree shrews were used as the animal model of gastric mucosa injury, and MPTP was intraperitoneally injected at a lower MPTP dosage 2mg/kg/day for 13weeks, while tree shrews were not injected as the control group. Under the light microscope, local congestion or diffuse bleeding points of gastric mucosa and multiple redness and swelling bleeding symptoms on the inner wall were observed in the treatment group, as well as immune cell infiltration was found in HE staining, but no such phenomenon was observed in the control group. In order to explore the molecular basis of changes in MPTP induced gastric mucosa injury, the transcriptome and proteome data of gastric mucosa were analyzed. We observed significant differences in mRNA and protein expression levels under the influence of MPTP. The changes in mRNA and proteins are related to increased immune infiltration, cellular processes and angiogenesis. More differentially expressed genes play a role in immune function, especially the candidate genes RPL4 and ANXA1 with significant signal and core role. There are also differentially expressed genes that play a role in mucosal injury and shedding, especially candidate genes GAST and DDC with certain signaling and corresponding functions. Understanding the factors and molecular basis that affect the expression of related genes is crucial for coping with Emotionality gastric mucosa injury disease and developing new treatment methods to establish the ability to resist disease.

Study of Microbial changes in tea bags prepared from mango and guava leaves during storage

The study was undertaken to study the microbial changes in 60 days of storage in tea bags. Tea drinking is an ancient custom with strong cultural roots in many nations. Furthermore, tea consumption has increased globally in recent years. Because germs and mold thrive in humid conditions, improper storage of herbal tea poses a significant health risk to customers. Mango leaves have traditionally been consumed, and using them to make tea has become a popular trend to help cure diabetes and blood vessel issues related to diabetes. The plant's leaves are rich in flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, and resins. They also exhibit biocidal, antimicrobial, antidiarrhea, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity against periodontal infections, as well as the ability to treat gastric ulcer disease. During various storage periods, the moisture level of the tea bags from the best treatment (T3) ranged between 6.63 and 7.2 percent, the total plate count ranged from 0.9×10^2 cfu/gram to 1.41×10^2 cfu/gram and yeast and mold count range from 0.54×10^2 cfu/gram to 1.02×10^2 cfu/gram during the first 60 days of storage. Longer storage times do, however, also increase the overall plate count and yeast mold count. It was discovered during the storage analysis that the shelf-life was just roughly 60 days.

PIN1 as a Predictive Biomarker for H. pylori Infection–Associated Gastric Cancer

Cancer is now one of the major causes of death across the globe. Peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), has recently emerged as a critical factor in various cancers. Numerous studies have shown that PIN1 is highly expressed in several cancer types and is significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with a certain type of tumor such as gastric cancer. Meanwhile, some studies have indicated that infection with Helicobacter pylori significantly increases the risk of developing duodenal and gastric ulcer disease and gastric cancer. In this article, we propose that PIN1 can play a vital role in the prognosis of Helicobacter pylori infection-associated with peptic ulcer disease and can be effective in order to provide the best cure and the choice for treatment.

Mechanistic inhibition of gastric cancer-associated bacteria Helicobacter pylori by selected phytocompounds: A new cutting-edge computational approach

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a persistent bacterial inhabitant in the stomachs of approximately half the global populace. This bacterium is directly linked to chronic gastritis, leading to a heightened risk of duodenal and gastric ulcer diseases, and is the predominant risk factor for gastric cancer - the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of innovative treatment alternatives to mitigate the H. pylori menace. MethodsInitiating our study, we curated a list of thirty phytochemicals based on previous literature and subjected them to molecular docking studies. Subsequently, eight phytocompounds—Glabridin, Isoliquiritin, Sanguinarine, Liquiritin, Glycyrrhetic acid, Beta-carotin, Diosgenin, and Sarsasapogenin—were meticulously chosen based on superior binding scores. These were further subjected to an extensive computational analysis encompassing ADMET profiling, drug-likeness evaluation, principal component analysis (PCA), and molecular dynamic simulations (MDs) in comparison with the conventional drug, Mitomycin. ResultsThe natural compounds investigated demonstrated superior docking affinities to H. pylori targets compared to the standard Mitomycin. Notably, the phytocompounds Diosgenin and Sarsasapogenin stood out due to their exceptional binding affinities and pharmacokinetic properties, including favorable ADMET profiles. ConclusionOur comprehensive and technologically-advanced approach showcases the potential of identified phytocompounds as pioneering therapeutic agents against H. pylori-induced gastric malignancies. In light of our promising in silico results, we recommend these natural compounds as potential candidates for advancing H. pylori-targeted drug development. Given their potential, we strongly advocate for subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies to validate their therapeutic efficacy against this formidable gastrointestinal bacterium.

Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of the leaf extract of Solanum pubescens willd. (Solanaceae) in Wistar albino Rats

The present study showed that the methonolic extract of Solanum pubescens willd leaves possess Anti- ulcer in animal model. The anti-ulcer activity was evaluated against Pylorus ligated ulcers. Gastric ulcer disease is an imbalance between mucosal defense factors (bicarbonate, mucin, prostaglandin, nitric oxide, and other peptides and growth factors) and injurious factors (acid and pepsin). Oral administration of methanol extract of solanum pubescens willd at doses of 200 and 400mg/kg exhibited dose dependent inhibition percentage of 36.28% and 52.3% (p<0.001) respectively compared to the ulcer control, proving the anti-ulcer activity. The standard drug omeprazole (20mg/kg) exhibited percentage inhibition of 70% when compared with ulcer control. Extract treated and ulcer control group was compared with normal control group. Result showed a significant decrease in the ulcer development in the animal models (pylorus ligated model) used in the study. In pylorusligation, both the doses showed significantant ulcer activity by reduction in ulcer index, gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity as compared to the control group. The intensity of heamorrhage and lesions was significantly reduced upon pretreatment with the extract, revealing the protective effect of MESP. Flavonoids and tannins are the major constituents that are present in the leaves of Solanum pubescens willd which may be responsible for its Ulcer- protective and Anti- ulcer activity.
 Keywords: Peptic ulcer, Solanum pubescens, Wistar rats, Acute Oral toxicity, ANOVA