Gastric Secretion Research Articles

Tu1503 ENDOSCOPIC AND HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW GASTRIC FINDINGS THAT APPEARED WITH STRONG ACID SECRETION SUPPRESSOR (P-CAB).

Since the number of H.pylori-infected persons decreases rapidly, it is expected that acid-related diseases will continue to increase in Japan. The need for gastric acid secretion suppressors is expected to increase in the future. There are several known gastric findings associated with the use of conventional proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). However, there are no reports of gastric findings associated with the use of potassium competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) a more potent gastric acid secretion suppressor. This time we found a new gastric finding associated with the use of P-CAB. This gastric finding is white granular findings with slight elevation similar the White Glove Appearance (WGA) which is known as gastric cancer cases. Since we named this finding White Granule with Small Elevation (WGSE), we introduce WGSE of this finding with endoscopic and histological analysis. <Case 1> A 57-year-old woman was given esomeprazole (EPZ) 20 mg / day and steroid for eosinophilic gastroenteritis. When esomeprazole was changed to Vonoprazan (VPZ) 20 mg / day because erosive gastritis was apparent by endoscopy, WGSE was observed in the gastric fundic gland area. WGSE worsened with continuing VPZ and the dose was reduced to 10 mg / day. Then WGSE gradually decreased and finally disappeared when medicine was changed to famotidine 40 mg / day. <Case 2> A 75-year-old woman was started on VPZ 20 mg for severe reflux esophagitis and maintenance therapy was performed at 10 mg / day. WGSE was observed in the gastric fundic gland area. The change to EPZ 20mg / day is being considered if symptoms are stable in the future. The WGSE histological findings were so similar the WGA observed in gastric cancer cases. Its characteristic finding showed a cystic dilated duct with accumulated gastric secretions. It could be detected WGSE under only continuous P-CAB use, not observed when using PPI. In addition, WGSE decreased with tapering of P–CAB. WGSE were completely disappeared with the change to H2 receptor antagonist. Therefore, we consider that WGSE is to be a specific change with continued use of P-CAB. Previous reports have said that WGA is sometimes observed in autoimmune gastritis with hypergastrinemia, so we have been believed that hypergastrinemia due to strong gastric acid suppression is the most important cause of WGSE. The highest serum gastrin levels of our cases were 1,750 pg/ml and 4,500 pg/ml, those were markedly high level. Although hypergastrinemia occurs with continued PPI use too, no WGSE has been reported. In other words, it is thought to be a gastric finding peculiar to continued use of P-CAB with severe hypergastrinemia. When using P-CAB in the future, it is necessary to pay attention to the appearance of WGSE. Our study found WGSE, the first stomach finding that was especially apparent when using P-CAB.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

Chronic use of PPIs as a potential cause of anemia: case reports and review of the literature

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs commonly used for many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, erosive esophagitis, and peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. Used for about 30 years, they are currently the most effective drugs that reduce the gastric secretion of hydrochloric acid. However, a dramatic increase in their consumption has been recently observed. Very often, they are used not in accordance with the guidelines. The consequences of the long-term use of PPIs may be various, with the most common side effects being bone fractures, cardiovascular events, recurrent infections, and vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Case report: An 82-year-old and a 58-year-old patients who had been taking omeprazole, a PPI for several years, developed vitamin B12 and iron deficiency anemia. Both patients were administered PPI orally for nonspecific dyspeptic symptoms. An evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract did not reveal the evident causes of gastrointestinal blood loss. They were also screened negative for Helicobacter pylori infection. Conclusions: There are no definitive pieces of evidence that the long-term use of PPIs can induce anemia, but our cases strongly suggest this thesis. Physicians should be aware of this potential side effect and consider monitoring in high-risk patients.

Gastroprotective activity of punicalagin and Lafoensia pacari in mice

Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., Lythraceae, is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat ulcer and gastritis; thus, it is important to conduct research so as to better understand its medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to assess the antisecretory and antiulcerogenic activities of lyophilized aqueous fraction and punicalagin isolated from leaves of L. pacari. Antisecretory gastric acid activity and antiulcerogenic activity were investigated by pyloric ligation-induced and indomethacin-induced gastric lesion models, respectively. Results show that the lyophilized aqueous fraction of L. pacari and punicalagin reduced the volume of gastric secretion, free acidity, and total acidity in mice 4 h after pyloric ligation, as well as the rate of gastric damage following the indomethacin administration model. Reduction percentages varied according to the dose of each treatment and showed statistical difference. This finding indicates that the lyophilized aqueous fraction of L. pacari and punicalagin exert an antiulcerogenic effect due to their acid antisecretory activity.

The anorexigenic effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in Japanese quail is associated with molecular changes in the arcuate and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is involved in gastric smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation, and gastric secretions. It is also associated with appetite regulation, eliciting an anorexigenic response in mammals, birds, and fish; however, the molecular mechanism mediating this response is not well understood. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate hypothalamic mechanisms mediating VIP-induced satiety in 7-d old Japanese quail. In experiment 1, chicks that received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of VIP had reduced food intake for up to 180 min after injection and reduced water intake for 90 min. In experiment 2, VIP-treated chicks that were food restricted did not reduce water intake. In experiment 3, there was increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in the arcuate (ARC) and dorsomedial (DMN) nuclei of the hypothalamus in VIP-injected quail. In experiment 4, ICV VIP was associated with decreased neuropeptide Y mRNA in the ARC and DMN and an increase in corticotropin releasing factor mRNA in the DMN. In experiment 5, VIP-treated chicks displayed fewer feed pecks and locomotor behaviors. These results demonstrate that central VIP causes anorexigenic effects that are likely associated with reductions in orexigenic tone involving the ARC and DMN.

Epigenome-Wide Association Study Using Prediagnostic Bloods Identifies New Genomic Regions Associated With Pancreatic Cancer Risk.

BackgroundEpigenome-wide association studies using peripheral blood have identified specific sites of DNA methylation associated with risk of various cancers and may hold promise to identify novel biomarkers of risk; however, few studies have been performed for pancreatic cancer and none using a prospective study design.MethodsUsing a nested case-control study design, incident pancreatic cancer cases and matched controls were identified from participants who provided blood at baseline in 3 prospective cohort studies. DNA methylation levels were measured in DNA extracted from leukocytes using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array. Average follow-up period for this analysis was 13 years.ResultsSeveral new genomic regions were identified as being differentially methylated in cases and controls; the 5 strongest associations were observed for CpGs located in genes TMEM204/IFT140, MFSD6L, FAM134B/RETREG1, KCNQ1D, and C6orf227. For some CpGs located in chromosome 16p13.3 (near genes TMEM204 and IFT140), associations were stronger with shorter time to diagnosis (eg, odds ratio [OR] = 5.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52 to 23.12, for top vs bottom quartile, for <5 years between blood draw and cancer diagnosis), but associations remained statistically significantly higher even when cases were diagnosed over 10 years after blood collection. Statistically significant differences in DNA methylation levels were also observed in the gastric secretion pathway using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis.ConclusionsChanges in DNA methylation in peripheral blood may mark alterations in metabolic or immune pathways that play a role in pancreatic cancer. Identifying new biological pathways in carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer using epigenome-wide association studies approach could provide new opportunities for improving treatment and prevention.

Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Probiotic Yeasts and Bacteria Isolated From Dairy Products of Iran.

Purpose: The present study was conducted to assess the ability of probiotic bacteria and yeasts strains to reduce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in gastrointestinal simulated conditions. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic and immunosuppressive agents. Acute exposure to a high level of aflatoxins leads to aflatoxicosis, which cause rapid death due to liver failure. It is anticipated that consumption of probiotic microorganisms capable of binding aflatoxins can reduce the risk of AFB1 on human health to a certain extent. Methods: For this purpose, the bacteria (1 × 1010 cfu/mL) and yeasts count (2 × 108 cells/mL) and AFB1 concentration (10 ppb) were adjusted. Then, the samples were incubated in the simulated medium, human gastric secretions and small intestine. The concentration of residual AFB1 was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Results: The native isolated bacteria and yeasts in the simulated gastrointestinal tract condition showed a significant effect on AFB1 reduction (P <0.05). The AFB1 reduction ability of native probiotic microorganisms was strain dependent. The highest binding ability in bacteria belonged to Lactobacillus rhamnosus (31.14%) and at yeasts belonged to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (30.46%). Conclusion: The use of probiotic strains is the appropriate biological method to reduce AFB1 in the human gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic bacteria could help to decrease the harmful effects of AFB1 in humans through enhancing the food safety.

Glucagon mechanisms of therapeutic and prophylactic action of drinking mineral waters

Glucagon is one of the main hormones that regulate energy production, but its role in the implementation of the therapeutic and preventive potential of drinking mineral waters has not been sufficiently studied. Many of the effects of glucagon are related to the insulin supply of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and insulin takes an active part in the mechanism of action of mineral waters on various functional systems of the body. In an experiment in healthy animals, the stimulating effect of medium-mineralized water on the secretion of glucagon and the concentration of lipid precursors of enegretic metabolism was proved. It was found that activation of reparative processes and inhibition of acidic gastric secretion in rats with experimental gastroduodenal ulcer are associated with an increase in glucagon secretion under the influence of course intake of mineral water. It was found that in the case of metabolic syndrome, rats develop circadian rhythm disorders in the system of glucagon regulation of energy-homeostasis, which can be compensated by internal intake of mineral water. The hypothesis about the stimulating effect of drinking mineral waters on the interconnected insulin-glucagon regulation of the energy supply of sanogenetic reactions is analyzed.

SPARC: Distinct Patterns of Leptin Secretion Elicited by Electrical Stimulation of Different Stomach Regions in Fasted Anesthetized Rats

BACKGROUNDThe discovery that the stomach secretes the hormone leptin, plus the finding that vagal afferents express receptors for leptin, in addition to the recognized role of adipocytes in the secretion of the adipokine, have initiated extensive investigations into leptin’s possible roles in the control of feeding. The gastric secretion of leptin and its binding sites on vagal afferents suggest the possibility that gastric electrical stimulation (GES) might produce leptin secretion and modulate visceral sensory information arising from the stomach and relayed to the brain. Such a pathway might have therapeutic potential for treating GI disorders (gastroparesis, eating disorders, etc.).AIMSTo explore or map defined gastric regional patterns of leptin release, secretion of the hormone to GES at different sites was measured in terms of both amplitude and time course.METHODSIn fasted (18 hrs.), anesthetized (Isoflurane) SD rats (n = 49), patch electrodes were sutured on ventral stomach wall, a strain gauge was attached to duodenum, and a catheter was inserted into left femoral artery. Stimulation (biphasic, 0.3mA, 0.2ms, 10Hz, 20s‐on‐40s‐off; 5 cycles) was applied from 0 to 5 min. The gastric antrum, corpus and forestomach were each divided into three regions corresponding to the distance between the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the greater curvature (GC); each of the three gastric compartments (verified post mortem) was stimulated near the LES, at a mid‐point, and near the GC. Multiple blood samples (0.15ml/each) were collected to measure leptin concentrations.RESULTSStimulation of much of the antrum (mid‐and near‐GC antral regions) evoked fast, robust and long‐lasting leptin secretion. Stimulation of the corpus in a more limited area (mid‐corpus) produced moderate, long‐lasting leptin secretion. Stimulation of a limited forestomach area (mid‐forestomach) yielded a mild, short‐interval leptin secretion. For the effective loci, leptin secretion amplitude changes in post‐stim time points of 5, 15, and 30 min, respectively, compared to control values, were: Mid‐antrum: +58%, +70%, +48%; Near‐GC antrum: +43%, +70%, +33%; Mid‐corpus: +25%. +38%, +38%; and Mid‐forestomach: +38%, +22%, +8%.DISCUSSIONGastric leptin is secreted by both exocrine and endocrine pathways. Antrum sensitivity to stimulation may reflect higher density of leptin‐secretory epithelium, corpus may have moderate density leptin‐related epithelium. Without leptin‐related epithelium in forestomach, leptin release may be caused indirectly.CONCLUSIONOur findings reveal that GES in different stomach regions can produce strikingly different leptin secretion patterns. Selectively modulating leptin secretion with GES applied to different stomach regions could be used as a neuromodulation strategy to treat GI disorders such as gastroparesis, obesity, and various eating disorders.Support or Funding InformationFUNDING: SPARC/NIH OT2 OD023847NIDDK/NIH R01 DK027627

High-flow nasal oxygen does not increase the volume of gastric secretions during spontaneous ventilation

BackgroundHigh-flow, heated, and humidified nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO) is frequently used in critical care and perioperative settings for a range of clinical applications. Much of the benefit of HFNO is attributed to generation of modest levels of positive airway pressure. Concern has been raised that this positive airway pressure may cause gastric insufflation, potentially increasing the risk of regurgitation and aspiration in an unprotected airway. MethodsA prospective, interventional, assessor-blinded study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of HFNO on gastric content and gastric distension in healthy fasted adult volunteers assessed by ultrasonography. The primary outcome was the volume of gastric secretions. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of gastric air insufflation and the distribution of gastric antral grades. ResultsSixty subjects were enrolled. No subject was found to have air gastric distension either at baseline or after treatment with HFNO. All subjects had either a Grade 0 or Grade 1 antrum, with similar distribution of antral grades and similar volume of gastric secretions before and after treatment with HFNO. ConclusionsThere was no evidence that treatment with HFNO at flow rates of up to 70 L min−1 for 30 min resulted in gastric distension or an increase in gastric secretions in healthy individuals breathing spontaneously. The generalisability of these findings to subjects under anaesthesia and patients with incompetence of the lower oesophageal sphincter or impaired gastric emptying requires further investigation. Clinical trial registrationNCT03134937.

Гастропротективное действие экстракта сухого &lt;i&gt;Ferulopsis hystrix&lt;/i&gt; (Bunge) Pimenov

Проведено исследование гастропротективного действия экстракта сухого Ferulopsis hystrix (Bunge) Pimenov на моделях эрозивно-язвенных повреждений желудка у крыс линии Вистар. Экстракт сухой F. hystrix в дозах 100 и 200 мг/кг и препарат сравнения плантаглюцид в дозе 300 мг/кг вводили животным внутрижелудочно в течение 7 дней, последнее введение осуществляли за 1 ч до ульцерогенного воздействия. Установлено, что экстракт сухой F. hystrix в дозе 200 мг/кг оказывает гастропротективное действие, превосходящее таковое для препарата сравнения плантаглюцида. На фоне введения животным экстракта F. hystrix в дозе 200 мг/кг в слизистой оболочке желудка не развиваются эрозии и полосовидные язвы, тогда как у крыс контрольной группы они выявляются у 100 и 50 % животных, соответственно. Индекс Паулса для точечных кровоизлияний в 2,7 раза ниже показателя контрольных животных. На фоне индометациновой гастропатии F. hystrix в дозе 200 мг/кг уменьшает среднее число эрозий и полосовидных язв в 2 и 5 раз (p ≤ 0,05), а индекс Паулса для них соответственно в 2 и 20 раз ниже по сравнению с контролем (p ≤ 0,05). Установлено, что экстракт F. hystrix в дозах 100 и 200 мг/кг усиливает темп желудочной секреции на 32 и 52 % (p ≤ 0,05), общую кислотность на 39 и 67 % (p ≤ 0,05). Полученные результаты позволяют рекомендовать экстракт сухой F. hystrix для дальнейших исследований в качестве перспективного растительного гастропротективного средства.

Emphysematous Gastritis Worsened after Upper Endoscopy

Emphysematous gastritis is an infectious disease in which air is formed in the gastric wall by gas-forming organisms. It is infrequently reported but can be fatal without early diagnosis and treatment. The stomach is rarely infected because of the acidity of the gastric secretions and the rich blood supply. Treatment should be aimed at covering gram-negative organisms and anaerobes using broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics, and occasional surgical management in order to enhance survival. Risk factors are those that lead to disrupted mucosal integrity, such as corrosive injury, and those that result in an immunosuppressed condition, including diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppressive drug use, and subsequent invasion by gas-forming organisms. We experienced a case of emphysematous gastritis that worsened after endoscopy. Aeration during upper endoscopy examination can cause barotrauma to the gastric wall with impairment of the mucosal barrier, resulting in the spread of gastric wall infection to the whole body. Therefore, we report this case and provide relevant literature review to suggest that early endoscopic evaluation can lead to exacerbation of emphysematous gastritis.

Low Gastric Bicarbonate Secretions Seen in Cigarette Smokers

Sucralfate drug is well known for its miraculous effects on gastroduodenal mucosa and its therapeutic effects on peptic ulcer, but its mechanism of action is still a mystery. This drug administration of 3g daily for 4-6 weeks is an effective treatment on gastric bicarbonate secretion. Our observational study was focused on gastric bicarbonate secretion in 14 healthy smokers and 11 healthy age and sex-matched nonsmoker volunteers. The outcome of the study suggested that smokers produced low gastric bicarbonate secretions compared to non-smokers.

Zona incerta projection neurons and GABAergic and GLP-1 mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens are involved in the control of gastric function and food intake

ObjectiveOur aim was to explore the effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on promoting gastric function and food intake through glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-sensitive gastric distension (GD) neurons under the regulatory control of the zona incerta (ZI). MethodsGABA neuronal projections were traced using retrograde tracing following fluorescence immunohistochemistry. An extracellular electrophysiological recording method was used to observe the firing of neurons in the NAc. HPLC was used to quantify the GABA and glutamate levels in the NAc after electrical stimulation of the ZI. Gastric functions including gastric motility and secretion, as well as food intake, were measured after the administration of different concentrations of GABA in the NAc or electrical stimulation of the ZI. ResultsSome of the GABA-positive neurons arising from the ZI projected to the NAc. Some GABA-A receptor (GABA-AR)-immunoreactive neurons in the NAc were also positive for GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) immunoreactivity. The firing of most GLP-1-sensitive GD neurons was decreased by GABA infusion in the NAc. Intra-NAc GABA administration also promoted gastric function and food intake. The responses induced by GABA were partially blocked by the GABA-AR antagonist bicuculline (BIC) and weakened by the GLP-1R antagonist exendin 9–39 (Ex9). Electrical stimulation of the ZI changed the firing patterns of most GLP-1-sensitive GD neurons in the NAc and promoted gastric function and food intake. Furthermore, these excitatory effects induced by electrical stimulation of the ZI were weakened by preadministration of BIC in the NAc. ConclusionRetrograde tracing and immunohistochemical staining showed a GABAergic pathway from the ZI to the NAc. GABAergic and GLP-1 mechanisms in the NAc are involved in the control of gastric function and food intake. In addition, the interaction (direct or indirect) between the ZI and these NAc mechanisms is involved in the control of gastric function and food intake.

ML-SA1, a TRPML1 agonist, induces gastric secretion and gastrointestinal tract inflammation in vivo

Background: The effect of ML-SA1, a potent and specific TRPML1 channel agonist, on gastric secretion and subsequent impact to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of mice was investigated.&#x0D; Methods: Twenty mice were divided into two groups, and respectively received either ML-SA1 or DMSO alone (as negative control), and then the intestinal propulsion rate were monitored. The stomach and intestinal tissues were sectioned for periodic acid Schiff (PAS), histopathological or immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. TRPML1 expression level in AGS cells was assayed by western blot, and calcium imaging was performed in AGS cells after the GCaMP5G transfection.&#x0D; Results: Application of 150 μg/Kg ML-SA1 could result in significant decrease in intestinal propulsion rate and structural changes of the parietal cells in stomach and goblet cells in intestine of mice. Moreover, it induced inflammation to the duodenum section of intestine in mice. IHC staining also revealed that ML-SA1 could up-regulate TRPML1 expression in both the parietal cells of stomach pits and in the columnar epithelial cells of duodenum villi. Further study in AGS cells, a type of stomach cell line, demonstrated that ML-SA1 could enhance the expression of TRPML1 and induce the protrusion of micro-vesicles.&#x0D; Conclusions: All together, our results suggested that ML-SA1 was capable of activating TRPML1 in stomach cells and increasing gastric juice secretion. This provided a convincing attempt of applying ML-SA1 in animals and pointed out a new possible research direction that TRPML1 channel could be a potential new therapeutic target on hypochlorhydria or even in the field of gastrointestinal cancer research.

The preventive effect of Nigella sativa seed on gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin in rat

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered as one of the most administrated groups of medications worldwide. Due to the role of NSAIDs in inducing gastric ulceration, their clinical applications are still challenging. Nigella sativa seed is widely used as an herbal medication against gastrointestinal complications. The present experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of N. sativa seed hydro-alcoholic extract on gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin (IND) and to evaluate its possible mechanisms in rat. Methods: This study was performed on 48 male Wistar rats. Acute gastric ulceration was induced by IND (35 mg/kg). N. sativa seed extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and ranitidine (50 mg/kg) were administered orally for five days before the induction ulcer. Ulcer index, gastric acid secretion, gastric mucus content, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total hexose, gastric juice protein content were determined on the fifth day. Results: The ulcer index in all groups of N. sativa seed was significantly lower than that of the IND group. N sativa seed considerably decreased MDA and protein content, but increased total thiol, total hexose, and mucus content compared to the IND group. N. sativa seed did not affect gastric acid secretion. Conclusion: These findings were indicative of the gastroprotective effect of N. sativa seed against the IND-induced ulcer, suggesting that it can mainly be exerted through the anti-oxidant activity of the extract as well as its role in stimulating gastric mucus secretion and increasing total hexose in the gastric mucosa.

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in the brainstem: Role of Pavlov’s vagally mediated cephalic phase of gastric secretion

Pavlov’s seminal observation that sham feeding in dogs stimulates gastric acid secretion through the vagus nerve pioneered the concept of the cephalic phase of digestion. This has been subsequently extended to a wide range of mammals including humans. In the last decades, experimental evidence in rats established that the three amino acid peptide thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH) expressed in the brainstem plays a key role in the vagal stimulation of digestive secretory-motor function. The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) neurons expresses TRH receptor subtype 1 (TRH-R1) and receives input of TRH containing fibers arising from TRH synthesizing neurons in medullary raphe nuclei. The activation of TRHTRH-R1 signaling excites the firing of DMN neurons leading to the activation of vagal efferent discharges and gastric myenteric cholinergic neurons. This results in a vagally mediated and atropine-sensitive stimulation of gastric secretory and propulsive motor function, along with duodenal and pancreatic secretion. Importantly, the blockade of TRH or TRH-R1 in the brainstem inhibits the gastric acid response to sham feeding in rats. Collectively, these convergent data support the physiological relevance of medullary TRHTRH-R1 signaling as the end effector of the vagally mediated stimulation of digestive process in the cephalic phase.

Assessment of gastric acidity by short-duration intragastric pH-monitoring with standardised breakfast in functional and some other dyspepsias

IntroductionPreliminary assessment of gastric secretion in the treatment of organic and functional dyspepsia may offer advantages over the empirical administration of proton pump inhibitors suggested by most clinical guidelines.AimTo develop a simplified pH-metric test with standardised meal, and on its basis to perform an assessment of the functional state of gastric secretion in the most common dyspepsias.Material and methodsSerum pepsinogen 1 and 2 were used for reference. Intragastric pH-monitoring was performed during 45 min in basal phase and 135 min after provocative breakfast (507 kcal, 100 mg caffeine). Consecutive adults enrolled in the study were divided into groups: 1 – “Non-dyspeptic” – 30 persons; 2 – “Duodenal peptic ulcer” – 13; 3 – “GERD” – 82; and 4 – “Functional dyspepsia” – 125 patients.ResultsThere was a moderate association between concentration of pepsinogen-1 and parameters of pH-monitoring. The best correlation coefficients were for the nadir pH in basal conditions and the time of acid neutralisation > 3.5 after the meal – r = –0.534 and r = –0.541, respectively (p < 0.0001). Using these two parameters we considered discriminants for four patterns of acidity. Proposed criteria of Hipo-anacidity included an absence of active secretion of hydrochloric acid in basal (pHmin > 5) and postprandial phases, with the achievement of stable pH < 3.5 after 80 min from meal time. They showed sensitivity 88.9% and specificity 100%. In cases of a detected pattern of hyperacidity, these parameters were 80% and 66.67%, respectively. According to the prevalence of hyperacidic cases, the groups were ranked in the following order: duodenal ulcer (76.9%) – GERD (51.1%) – functional dyspepsia (40.8%) – non-dyspeptic (19.0%).ConclusionsAcid production is increased among patients with functional dyspepsia. There is a small number of patients with functional dyspepsia (12.1%) with hypochlorhydria due to atrophic gastritis. The latter was independently associated with age > 50 years (OR = 20.139), symptoms of postprandial distress-syndrome (OR = 9.821), and signs of atrophy (OR = 5.914) after conventional endoscopy.

Фармакоэпидемиологическое изучение эффективности прокаина (новокаина) в комбинации с другими лекарственными средствами в лечении болевого синдрома при остром панкреатите

The purpose of the study : on the base of statistical and pharmacoepidemiological researches to study the effectiveness of procaine (novocaine) and to develop optimal combinations of pharmacological agents in the treatment of pain in acute pancreatitis. Materials and methods . In a cohort retrospective research, we studied case histories of 131 patients with acute pancreatitis who were treated at Surgery Department of Archbishop Luka City Clinical Hospital of Tambov. Among them, 71 men (54.2 %) and 60 women (45.8 %), whose average age was 52.5, including 46 years old men and 59 years old women. We studied the number of medicines used to treat the pain syndrome, the time of its relief, and made a pharmacoepidemiological assessment of the effectiveness of treatment with novocaine in combination with various drugs. Procaine was injected intravenously in the form of a 0.25-0.5 % solution. Results . We found out that combination of procaine with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines and gastric secretion blockers have an effective analgesic effect. Treatment of pain by intravenous injection of a solution of novocaine and its combination with anticholinergic and myotrop antispasmodics was ineffective.

Manufacture and Assessment of the absorption capability of famotidine to 3D-nano-cellulose network

Background: Famotidine is one of gastrointestinal drugs which is used by drink or injection, soluble in acids and weakly dissolved in water. It has the effect of reducing gastric secretion by inhibiting histamine at the H2 receptor in the gastric mucosa wall, decreasing the secretion of HCl in gastric juice, the healing of gastric ulcers. Manufacture, In vitro Characterization And In vivo Bioavailability Evaluation of famotidine Loaded 3D-Nano-Cellulose Network (3DNC) by bacteria and Used for Oral Administration. Methods: Famotidine is a gastrointestinal H2-receptor antagonist drug with low bioavailability (40-45%). 3DNC can be produced from bacteria living in fermented green tea and is the material containing nano-sized fibers which is capable of loading Famotidine to form a prolonged release therapy to improve drug bioavailability. Results: This research has been produced 3DNC materials from bacteria in some nutrient media; it has used scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the 3DNC structure, spectrophotometer FT-IR to determine drug interaction to 3DNC, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine Famotidine in rabbit plasma. Conclusion: Three-dimensional nano-cellulose network has an involvement of the nano-sized cellulose fibers with three dimensional networks that are capable of loading Famotidine drug. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Mai VH, Nguyen XT, Lai PL, Do TL, Le TP. and Assessment of the absorption capability of famotidine to 3D-nano-cellulose SRP. 2020; 11(7): 309-313. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.7.48 Web Style Mai VH, Nguyen XT, Lai PL, Do TL, Le TP. and Assessment of the absorption capability of famotidine to 3D-nano-cellulose http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=127504 [Access: March 29, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.7.48 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Mai VH, Nguyen XT, Lai PL, Do TL, Le TP. and Assessment of the absorption capability of famotidine to 3D-nano-cellulose SRP. 2020; 11(7): 309-313. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.7.48 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Mai VH, Nguyen XT, Lai PL, Do TL, Le TP. and Assessment of the absorption capability of famotidine to 3D-nano-cellulose SRP. (2020), [cited March 29, 2021]; 11(7): 309-313. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.7.48 Harvard Style Mai, V. H., Nguyen, . X. T., Lai, . P. L., Do, . T. L. & Le, . T. P. (2020) and Assessment of the absorption capability of famotidine to 3D-nano-cellulose SRP, 11 (7), 309-313. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.7.48 Turabian Style Mai, Van Hung, Xuan Thanh Nguyen, Phuong Lien Lai, Thuy Linh Do, and Thi Phuong Le. 2020. and Assessment of the absorption capability of famotidine to 3D-nano-cellulose Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (7), 309-313. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.7.48 Chicago Style Mai, Van Hung, Xuan Thanh Nguyen, Phuong Lien Lai, Thuy Linh Do, and Thi Phuong Le. Manufacture and Assessment of the absorption capability of famotidine to 3D-nano-cellulose network. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 309-313. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.7.48 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Mai, Van Hung, Xuan Thanh Nguyen, Phuong Lien Lai, Thuy Linh Do, and Thi Phuong Le. Manufacture and Assessment of the absorption capability of famotidine to 3D-nano-cellulose network. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.7 (2020), 309-313. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.7.48 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Mai, V. H., Nguyen, . X. T., Lai, . P. L., Do, . T. L. & Le, . T. P. (2020) and Assessment of the absorption capability of famotidine to 3D-nano-cellulose Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (7), 309-313. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.7.48

Recurrent oral aphthae at the patients with acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical observation

The question of the development of recurrent oral aft at the people with acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is insufficiently studied, despite periodic publications in the dental and therapeutic literature. The aim — to study the clinical features of recurrent aft at the patients with acid — dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract on the basis of clinical and laboratory research methods. Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical and dental follow-up of 125 patients aged 25 to 45 years with acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and 58 patients with recurrent aphthas was performed. Results. The typical location of recurrent aft was determined-most often on the mucosa of the upper or lower lip, the mucosa of the lateral surface of the tongue and the mucosa of the cheeks. Identification of some representatives of the normobiom of the oral cavity in the form of the presence of gram-positive and gram-negative facultative anaerobic cocci, sticks and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida (p≤0.05) allowed to determine the state of dysbiosis, while its more pronounced changes prevail in persons with chronic pancreatitis against the background of hyperacidic gastric secretion. It was found that the pH of the oral fluid in these individuals is within the average values of 5.3—5.6±0.3, and the pH of the gastric juice is within 0.9—1.2±0.5. Conclusion. The results of a comprehensive study suggest a relationship between the development of recurrent oral aft in patients with acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.