Gastric Blood Research Articles

Cord blood interleukin-8 levels correlate with airway flow limitation at eight years of age in ex-very low birth weight infants

Background. Exposure to prenatal inflammation increases the risk for development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Aim. To evaluate the correlation between cord blood and gastric aspirate levels of interleukine-6 (IL-6) and interleukine-8 (IL-8) in preterm infants, and lung function at the age of 8 years. Methods. Between 2000-2002 we recruited 129 infants of gestational age < 30 wks. The concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in gastric aspirate and cord blood. At the age of 8 years, 30 ex-preterm infants, with mean gestational age of 27 wks and mean birth weight of 955 g, returned for pulmonary function measurement. To exclude major bias, a comparison between the study group and non-responder group was done and showed no statistically significant difference with respect to perinatal characteristics, ventilation days, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and cytokine concentration. Results. Pulmonary function test measurments in children born preterm were lower than in their term pairs. However, only the difference in forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) was statisticaly significant. The concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 in cord blood and in gastric aspirate inversely correlated to all parameters of lung fuction at the age of 8 years, however only correlations between the concentration of IL-8 in cord blood and forced expired volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) (r = -0.38, p = 0.04) and FEF 25%-75% (r = -0.44, p = 0.02) were statistically significant. Conclusion. These results show a negative correlation between the concentration of IL-8 in cord blood and FEF25%-75% and FEV1/FVC, which suggests the important role of IL-8 in early airway remodeling.

A Rare Complication of Hyperplastic Gastric Polyp

Hyperplastic gastric polyps are incidentally diagnosed during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. They are known to cause gastric outlet obstruction and chronic blood loss leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, hyperplastic gastric polyp presenting as acute severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding is very rare. To the best of our knowledge, there have been two cases of hyperplastic gastric polyps presenting as acute gastrointestinal bleeding in the medical literature. We present a case of a 56-year-old African American woman who was admitted to our hospital with symptomatic anemia and sepsis. The patient developed acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding during her hospital stay. She underwent emergent endoscopy, but bleeding could not be controlled. She underwent emergent laparotomy and wedge resection to control the bleeding. Biopsy of surgical specimen was reported as hyperplastic gastric polyp. We recommend that physicians should be aware of this rare serious complication of hyperplastic gastric polyps as endoscopic polypectomy has diagnostic and therapeutic benefits in preventing future complications including bleeding.

Interaction of carbonyl iron powders with different particle sizes with biological and inorganic media

The dissolution of carbonyl iron powders with different particle sizes (with an average particle size of 1–3, 2–5, and 25–50 μm) in a model solution of gastric juice and human blood plasma is studied to evaluate their suitability as food supplements. The powders were ground and mixed using a mill developed and made at the Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science. The grinding efficiency is promoted by the interaction of particles with each other and with the working chamber. It is shown that iron powders interact most intensively with biological media containing organic acids that transform iron into a hydroxide, promoting its binding with proteins of blood plasma and pepsin to form easily assimilable complexes. The dissolution of iron powders in biological media depends on their particle size. The grinding of iron powders for 60 min practically doubles the intensity of their interaction with biological media (blood plasma and gastric juice model solution) and, therefore, promotes the assimilation of iron in the human body.

Link of Metabolic Phenotypes of Gastric Cancer Tissue and Blood Plasma

G A A b st ra ct s were 0.674, 0.727, 0.680, 0.739, respectively. Two peaks were found in the autofluorescence spectrum of gastric juice from all patients. The first peak (P1FI) was distinctively higher in gastric cancer than that in benign lesion (P<0.01). The AUC from ROC for P1FI was 0.872, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of P1FI were 83.8%, 75.2%, and 78.8%, respectively, while the false positive rate was 24.8% (41/165). Furthermore, all of the four candidate genes and P1FI were evaluated in univariate and multivariate logistic regression (LR) models. The multivariate model included logarithmic transformations of E-cadherin, DAPK and P1FI, and the AUC from ROC was 0.933, which was statistically superior to either parameter alone (P<0.01), the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 89.7%, 86.7% and 87.9%, respectively, the false positive rate was 13.3% (22/165). Additionally, CART (Classification and Regression Trees) (Salford Systems) was carried out to set up the diagnostic model for gastric cancer and similar to the results of LR, P1FI, E-cadherin and DAPK were identified as tree nodes(Fig.1). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 81.2 %, 91.5%, and 87.2%, respectively. It is noticeable that the false positive rate was 8.5% (14/165). Conclusions The complementary use of both LR and CART models could be a promising approach to analyze multiple markers. The model, which combining the autofluorescene spectrum with the DNA promoter hypermethylation of E-cadherin and DAPK of gastric juice, could be a potential promising diagnostic model for better decision making for gastric cancer screening.

Utility of preoperative visualization for intrapulmonary sequestration in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

We herein report the case of a 59-year-old male suffering from severe cough. The patient had previously experienced several episodes of pneumonia beginning in childhood. A three dimensional multidetector computed tomography (3D-MDCT) scan revealed pulmonary sequestration with a left gastric artery blood supply, and clearly revealed the other pulmonary vessels. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, in which the anomalous tissue was resected safely. Preoperative visualization of the vessels may be helpful for the safe treatment of a pulmonary sequestration, and the VATS approach is a suitable operation under corrective surgical planning.

Treatment of epilepsy in the elderly people

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) differ in old age from those in younger patients. Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics play a role as early as the drug absorption stage, because gastric secretion, blood volume, blood flow, and gastrointestinal motility are all lower in old age. The serum concentration of the medications is heavily influenced by protein binding, mainly of serum albumin, whose concentration is markedly reduced in old age, so that the free fraction of medication in the serum is higher. This influences not only the desired medication effects, but also the undesired ones, and is particularly important in the case of highly protein-bound antiepileptic drugs such as valproic acid, phenytoin, or carbamazepine. In elderly patients a reduction of hepatic and renal function were observed. No guidelines, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses on this subject are available. There have been only three randomized, controlled, double-blind therapeutic trials of evidence class I or II regarding epilepsy in the elderly, as well as a number of smaller studies of classes IIa and III. Thus, many clinical decisions about antiepileptic treatment in old age are based on extrapolations of experience and data obtained from younger patients, combined with the general principles of pharmacotherapy in old age. The treatment of epilepsy seems to be successful in the elderly more often than in young adults. A precondition for successful treatment, however, is that the antiepileptic drug is well tolerated and does not interact with other, concurrently taken, medications. The treatment of epilepsy in an elderly patient generally requires searching for the medication that is best tolerated and least metabolized. Problems can arise because drug-drug interactions must be considered in the elderly people that often take multiple medications. It is evident that the so-called enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital) generally cannot be recommended for use in elderly patients because of their multifarious interaction. Moreover these AEDs may facilitate the development of osteoporosis and cannot be recommended for use in elderly woman patients. Recently, clinical studies have shown a better tolerability of never antiepileptic drugs. In conclusion numerous factors must be considered in treating elderly patients for seizures, but maximizing the ability of patients to tolerate drug therapy is often the basis for AED selection.

Relationship between platelet count and gastric cancer stage and prognosis

Objective The aim of the research was to investigate the relationship between gastric cancer stage, prognosis and blood platelets count.

Effects of hypertonic- hyperoncotic solution given after cardiopulmonary resuscitation on brain and heart ischemia-reperfusion injury and gastric intramucosal perfusion in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of hypertonic- hyperoncotic solution ( HHS) given immediately after cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR) on myocardial and brain injury and gastric mucosal microcirculation. Methods Twenty male rabbits weighing 1.9-2.1 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 10 each): control group and HHS group. The animals were anesthetized with chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg iv, tracheotomized, intubated and mechanically ventilated (FiO_2 40% , V_T 10 ml/kg, RR 20 bpm). Femoral artery and vein were connulated for BP monitoring, blood gas analysis and fluid administration. Internal jugular, vein was cannulated for CVP monitoring. ECG was continuously monitored. Gastric intramucosal pH, blood coagulation and serum S-100 and cTnI concentrations were measured before (baseline) and at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) . Cardiac arrest was induced by occlusion of tracheal tube and confirmed by ECG (asystole, ventricular fibrillation) and sudden sharp drop in BP. After being suffocated for 10 min, basic life support ( BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) were started. Upon ROSC the animals received 4 ml/kg of normal saline (NS) or 7.2% NaCl + 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (HHS) .Results The serum levels of cTnI and S-100 were significantly increased after ROSC as compared with baseline in both groups and were significantly lower in HHS group than in control group. The gastric intramucosal pH was significantly decreased after ROSC in both groups and was significantly higher in HHS group than in control group. Conclusion HHS given immediately after ROSC can ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury to heart and brain and improve gastric intramucosal microcirculatory perfusion. Key words: Saline solution; hypertonic; Hetastarch; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; SI00 proteins; Troponin I; Hydrogen-ion concentration

The Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen and αGal-specific Human IgG Glycoforms: Concanavalin A Reactivity and Relation to Survival of Cancer Patients

Glycan structures of IgG strongly influence the affinity for Fcγ receptors and antibody effector functions. However, no particular attention has been paid yet to the glycosylation of tumor antigen-specific IgG. The objectives of this study were (i) to investigate the concanavalin A lectin (ConA) reactivity of human anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) and anti-αGal specific IgG in gastric cancer patients and healthy controls and (ii) to evaluate whether the ConA-reactivity of anti-TF and anti-αGal specific IgG is associated with the survival rate of patients with cancer. Total IgG was purified from the sera of patients with gastric cancer and healthy blood donors. The anti-TF and anti-αGal glycotope specific IgG were detected with ELISA using synthetic saccharide-polyacrylamide conjugates as antigen. In parallel plate, the ConA reactivity of the anti-TF or anti-αGal IgG was determined and the ConA index was calculated. Results show that serum anti-TF specific IgG antibodies of patients with cancer contain significantly higher content of ConA positive IgG glycoform compared to IgG of controls. No correlation between the ConA reactivity of anti-TF IgG and anti-αGal IgG was observed. High level of anti-TF IgG ConA reactivity was associated with a significantly lower survival rate of patients with gastric cancer.

Spontaneous esophageal rupture responding to simple suture closure, drainage, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG): case report

Spontaneous esophageal rupture is a rare disease, and the diagnosis and treatment have not been fully established. Herein we present a 55-year-old man with spontaneous esophageal rupture who was successfully treated using simple suture closure, drainage, and intraoperative percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. He was brought to the emergency room after vomiting gastric contents and blood and then experiencing chest pain. On admission, vital signs were normal. Emergency endoscopy was performed for hemostasis, and spontaneous esophageal rupture was diagnosed. As chest computed tomography suggested intrathoracic perforation, surgery was performed about 8 h after onset. Surgery confirmed spontaneous esophageal rupture localized in the mediastinum. Simple suture closure, drainage, and intraoperative endoscopic gastrostomy were performed. On postoperative day (POD) 1, the patient was weaned off artificial ventilation, and enteral feeding through PEG was initiated. Oral intake was restarted on POD 10. The patient was discharged on POD 16.

Esomeprazole reduces gastroesophageal reflux after beer consumption in healthy volunteers

Objective. Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are advised to avoid alcoholic beverages since alcohol consumption induces gastroesophageal reflux in healthy volunteers and increases it in patients with GERD. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently administered for reflux symptoms but their effect on gastroesophageal reflux after alcohol consumption has not yet been fully studied. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the effect of esomeprazole, an S-enantiomer of omeprazole, on gastroesophageal reflux after beer consumption. Material and methods. In this placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 16 healthy male volunteers received 20 mg esomeprazole daily for one week. On day 7, in an acute experiment, the subjects then consumed 500 ml beer within 5 min. Subsequently, gastroesophageal reflux was monitored by pH-metry over a period of 3 h. In addition, gastric emptying was measured by ultrasonography and blood concentrations of ethanol, cholecystokinin and gastrin were determined. Results. Gastroesophageal reflux was significantly (p=0.001) reduced by 93% after treatment with esomeprazole (0.2%, median percentage of time pH<4) as compared to placebo (2.6%), but gastric emptying, blood ethanol and cholecystokinin concentrations were not significantly different after esomeprazole treatment. Plasma gastrin levels were significantly (p=0.0003) higher after esomeprazole (98.6±19.7 pg/ml) than after placebo (22.7±3.8 pg/ml) before beer consumption. However, there was no difference in the increase in plasma gastrin after beer consumption between the esomeprazole treatment and placebo. Conclusions. Esomeprazole significantly reduces gastroesophageal reflux after beer consumption in healthy volunteers. Gastric emptying of beer is not prolonged after treatment with esomeprazole, although compared with placebo, this PPI induced significantly higher plasma gastrin concentrations. Moderate alcohol consumption does not worsen gastroesophageal reflux when a PPI is administered.

Noninvasive evaluation of gastric tube blood supply with multislice computed tomography

1010-7940/$ — see front matter # 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.03.061 A 57-year-old man with esophageal carcinoma underwent total esophagectomy and cervico-abdominal reconstruction using a gastric tube. One year after surgery, a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) scan was able to evaluate the blood supply to the gastric tube by right gastroepiploic artery (Figs. 1 and 2).

Gastroprotective action of glucocorticoid hormones in rats with desensitization of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons

The ability of glucocorticoid hormones to protect gastric mucosa during desensitization of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons has been investigated in rats. Functional ablation of the afferent neurons was performed by pre-treatment with neurotoxic doses of capsaicin (100 mg/kg s.c.). After 1 week of recovery, capsaicin-desensitized, as well as control rats were adrenalectomized or sham-operated. Seven days later, indomethacin at an ulcerogenic dose (35 mg/kg s.c.) was given to each group of rats. One half of adrenalectomized capsaicin-pre-treated rats were injected by corticosterone for replacement (4 mg/kg s.c., 15 min before indomethacin). Gastric lesions, plasma corticosterone and blood glucose levels were estimated 4 h after indomethacin administration. Indomethacin caused gastric erosions that were aggravated by adrenalectomy or desensitization of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons approximately with the same extension. Combination of adrenalectomy with the sensory desensitization profoundly potentiated the effect of sensory desensitization alone on indomethacin-induced gastric erosions: the mean gastric erosion area was increased approximately 10-fold. Corticosterone replacement completely prevented this profound effect of adrenalectomy. The results suggest a pivotal role of glucocorticoid hormones in the maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity in the case of impaired gastroprotective mechanisms provided by PGs and capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons.

BIOENERGETIC METABOLISM IN GASTRIC MUCOSA IN PHOTON THERAPY (IMPULSE INFRARED LASER RADIATION) OF GASTRODUODENAL ULCER

Gastric mucosa and blood plasm were studied in 82 patients with gastroduodenal ulcer for content of adenylic nucleotides (AMP, ADP and ATP), histamine, amino acids. It was found that the above nucleotides occurred in the examinees in subnormal quantities. The necessary substrates, aspartate in particular, were deficient. This may lead to impairment of biosynthetic processes, to imbalance of defense factors. Photon therapy of gastroduodenal ulcer corrects bioenergetic metabolism in gastic mucosa thus producing a marked therapeutic effect.

Protective effects of endothelin-1 antibody on stress induced lesion of gastric mucosa in rats

AIM: To explore the protective effects of endothelin-1 antibody (ET-1Ab) on acute gastric mucosa lesions induced by stress in rats. METHODS: Stress ulcer induced by cold-restraint-stress (CRS) was used as model in this study, different dose ET-1Ab were administered by left femoral vein prior to stress so as to observe the effects of the drug on ET-1 levels in plasma and gastric mucosa, gastric mucosa blood flow (GMBF)and ulcer index(UI) of CRS rats. RESULTS: (1) Compared with the normal control group, ET-1 levels of plasma and gastric mucosa and UI were increased significantly in the stress groups (116.2±24.7 mv and 125.1±24.2 mv vs 49.1±9.7 mv, 113.8±29.3 mv and 122.9±19. 6 mv vs 52.3±10.3 mv, 28.6±1.8 mv and 51.2±5.9 mv vs 0, P <0.01), while GMBF were decreased markedly in stress groups (227.8±13.5 mv and 150.8±11.5 mv vs 405.8±23. 3 mv, P <0.01).There was significantly positive correlation between ET-1 and UI (r =0.96, P <0.01), and significantly negative correlation between ET-1 and GMBF(r = -0.91, P <0.01). (2) However, compared with the single-stress groups, ET-1 levels of plasma and gastric mucosa and UI were decreased significantly in ET-1Ab-stress groups (69.2±7.3 mv vs 116.2±24.7 mv, 80.6±12.3 mv vs 125.1±24.2 mv, 58.5±6.3 mv vs 113.8±29.3 mv, 68.9±9.6 mv vs 122.

Survey of gastric lesions and blood pepsinogen levels in pigs in Burkina Faso.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of gastric lesions and to provide diagnostic values for serum pepsinogen in non-infected pigs and in pigs with gastric disease. In an abattoir survey, the pepsinogen concentrations were measured in the serum from 62 non-infected pigs, 33 pigs with gastric lesions and 17 pigs infected with Hyostrongylus rubidus, using a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). The mean (+/- SE) pepsinogen concentrations in the serum of non-infected pigs, in pigs with gastric ulcers, and in pigs with a heavy H. rubidus infection were 630.8 +/- 39.2 ng/ml, 1084.5 +/- 166.2 ng/ml and 1095.2 +/- 102.3 ng/ml, respectively (p<0.05). Because of the higher concentrations of pepsinogen in the blood of pigs with gastric ulcers or parasitic infections, it is suggested that the measurement of serum pepsinogen by RIA may be an effective biochemical approach to the diagnosis of chronic gastric disorders in pigs.

EXPRESSION OF TUMOR-ASSOCIATED THOMSEN-FRIEDENREICH ANTIGEN (T Ag) IN HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND MODULATION OF T Ag SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE IN INFECTED INDIVIDUALS

We tested the hypothesis that the gastric cancer associated bacteria, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) express the cancer-related Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen. We also analysed whether infection with H. pylori alters the amount of natural anti-T antibodies in the patients'sera. Cell surface membrane extracts of H. pylori NCTC 11637 strain and clinical isolates of H. pylori (n=13) were analysed by immunoblotting and cell-ELISA with five different T antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Two major protein bands of ∼ 68 kDa and 58 kDa were immunostained on blots of H. pylori extracts with T specific MAbs but not immunostained with unrelated MAb. The specificity was shown in that immunostaining was blocked with peanut agglutinin (PNA) and rabbit antiserum to T antigen. The binding of T specific MAb to the 58 kDa protein band was also blocked by rabbit antiserum against heat shock proteins of H. pylori. The relative expression of T antigen-related proteins differed among H. pylori strains, with 68 kD associated T antigen expression higher in patients with more severe pathology. The level of IgG antibody to T epitope in patients with gastric cancer (n=66) and normal blood donors (n=62) were compared and the level of anti-T Ab in gastric cancer patients was significantly lower than that in normal blood donors. A significant positive correlation between T specific antibody in serum and H. pylori IgG antibody level was found in H. pylori-infected normal blood donors (P<0.001), but this correlation was not found in H. pylori-infected cancer patients. In summary, the cancer related T epitope is expressed in H. pylori and modulation of T antigen-specific immune response in H. pylori-infected individuals suggests that H. pylori infection may alter natural immune mechanisms against cancer.

A fatal case of oral ingestion of benzine

A young woman committed suicide by ingesting benzine. We report the findings obtained at autopsy and the chemical analyses of the gastric contents, blood, and tissues in this case. Fatal concentrations of n-hexane, benzene, toluene and m-, p-xylene were detected. Pulmonary edema and hemorrhage were caused by the primary effect of the chemicals or secondarily by respiratory depression, suffocation due to volatile fluid, or heart failure. Mild hemorrhage around arterioles and venules in the brain cortex suggest hyperpermeability of the vessels. The fragmentation and waviness of the cardiac myofibrils indicate the presence of hypercontraction and possibly arrhythmia.

食道切除再建術における亜全胃胃管吻合部血流におよぼす右胃動脈血流の影響について

食道切除再建術における亜全胃胃管吻合部血流におよぼす右胃動脈血流の影響について

Gastroccult Slide Test for Gastric Occult Blood Receives Waived Status From CDC

Gastroccult Slide Test for Gastric Occult Blood Receives Waived Status From CDC