Carbon Dioxide Gas Research Articles

Effect of Collagen Peptide and Polysaccharide Combination on Astringency Elimination, Appearance, and Syneresis in Persimmon Paste

Astringency in persimmon fruit is often eliminated by treatment with gaseous carbon dioxide, dry ice, or alcohol. However, these methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and astringency may recur after heat treatment. In this study, a method for easily reducing astringency was investigated by taking advantage of the benefits of combining proteins and polysaccharides. In the first experiment, the protein materials with strong astringency-reducing effects were screened from among 15 protein-rich foods using astringent persimmon juice (APJ), and collagen peptides were found to be highly effective. However, syneresis was observed when 1% collagen peptide powder was added to the astringent persimmon paste (AP). Therefore, in the second experiment, 0.5% collagen peptides (protein) were applied to reduce heating-induced astringency and reversion and 0.5% polysaccharides (guar, and xanthan gums) to maintain color and suppress syneresis. The results demonstrate that the combination of collagen peptide and polysaccharides is optimal for removing astringency in persimmon, inhibiting its recurrence by heating, and maintaining product quality. The results of this study may reduce the labor required for the astringency removal process, broaden the uses of AP, and facilitate the effective utilization of discarded astringent persimmons that do not meet the standards.

Effects of Feeding Methionine Hydroxyl Analogue Chelated Zinc, Copper, and Manganese on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Mineral Excretion, and Welfare Conditions of Broiler Chickens: Part 2: Sustainability and Welfare Aspects

This study investigated the effects of the dietary supplementation of mineral methionine hydroxyl analogue chelates (MMHACs) zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) on excreta nitrogen and mineral levels, housing conditions, and the welfare status of broilers. Three-hundred eighty-four day-old Ross 308 male chicks were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments, each consisting of eight replicate pens of twelve birds per pen. The treatments were (1) inorganic trace mineral ZnSO4 (110 ppm), CuSO4 (16 ppm), and MnO (120 ppm) (ITM); (2) MMHAC Zn (40 ppm), Cu (10 ppm), and Mn (40 ppm) (M10); (3) inorganic trace mineral ZnSO4 (110 ppm), tribasic copper chloride (125 ppm), and MnO (120 ppm) (T125); and (4) MMHAC Zn (40 ppm), Cu (30 ppm), and Mn (40 ppm) (M30). Three feeding phases including the starter (days 0–10), grower (days 10–21), and finisher (days 21–42) were used. The findings showed that birds offered MMHACs at both levels had significantly lower Zn and Mn levels, and birds offered the T125 diet had higher Cu levels in the excreta compared to those fed the other diets on days 10, 16, 21, 28, and 42 (p < 0.001). The life cycle assessment showed that MMHAC supplementation at 30 ppm can be expected to improve the sustainability of the poultry industry in terms of reduced emissions into the environment, whereas excreta nitrogen and moisture content, litter conditions, levels of air gases (ammonia, carbon dioxide, and methane), and welfare indicators were similar between the dietary treatments. Hence, the supplementation of MMHACs to broiler diets at 30 ppm could maintain litter quality and welfare status while reducing emissions into the environment and the Zn, Mn, and/or Cu excretion of broilers, therefore reducing the environmental impacts of broiler production.

Greenhouse Gases and their Role in Air Pollution and Global Warming

Today, one of the most significant global challenges is the increase in climate change due to the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide gas, resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels, and methane are recognized as the primary greenhouse gases and the foremost contributors to climate change. Population density, increased vehicular traffic, industrial factories, and neglect of environmental concerns are major factors influencing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Recent global studies indicate that since the onset of the Industrial Revolution—a period marked by a significant rise in fossil fuel consumption—human activity has played a crucial role in the process of climate change and global warming through the production and emission of greenhouse gases. Understanding how these types of pollution evolve requires attention to the various factors affecting their emission. Accordingly, this study collects and examines data obtained from library-based research using a descriptive-analytical method. Consequences of the greenhouse effect include flooding, reduction in potable water and agricultural products, increased soil erosion, the extinction of some plant and animal species, and the migration of certain population groups. These consequences underscore the necessity and importance of focusing on the use of renewable energy sources.

Condensation processes of carbon dioxide in high-pressure methane gas: A microscopic study of the dynamic behavior of nucleation, dissolution, and crystallization

Condensation processes of carbon dioxide in high-pressure methane gas: A microscopic study of the dynamic behavior of nucleation, dissolution, and crystallization

Estimation of minimum miscible pressure in carbon dioxide gas injection using machine learning methods

Estimation of minimum miscible pressure in carbon dioxide gas injection using machine learning methods

Coupling carbon dioxide gas within a bubble curtain enhances its effectiveness to deter fish

Coupling carbon dioxide gas within a bubble curtain enhances its effectiveness to deter fish

Infrared absorption spectra analysis for optical detection of 14CO2

Abstract Spectral measurements of radiocarbon dioxide (14CO2) require accurate knowledge of both the line positions and intensities. Our paper analyzes the absorption characteristic of 14CO2 for optical detection in middle infrared range theoretically. By studying the distribution and properties of 14CO2 absorption spectra under the interfering of others gas, it can be found that the isotopes of carbon dioxide (CO2, such as 13CO2, 16O13C18O, 16O13C17O) and atmospheric gases (such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and ozone (O3)) exhibit interference with the absorption spectra of 14CO2. They cannot be chemically removed from CO2 sample gas but can be suppressed by reducing the sample temperature. The (00011-00001) P(20) in the P-branch of the strong spectral absorption V 3 band of 14CO2, is a suitable absorption peak for spectral probing. If the sample gas is cooled to 172.5 K, the absorption interference by other isotopes such as 13C16O2 can be suppressed. At the same time, to avoid the interference of the absorption tail line from other atmospheric gases, the pressure condition of 0.01 atm is necessary. Our results provide critical insights into the optimization of spectral measurement conditions for 14CO2, which is an important reference for improving the accuracy and reliability of optical detection methods in middle infrared range.

Study the Influences of Both (NaOH and KOH) at Different Electrolyte Concentrations and Times on Hydrogen Production via Electrolysis Process

There are various ways to reduce emissions harmful to the environment, including carbon dioxide gas produced from different industries that depend on fossil fuels, which is considered a non-renewable energy sources that will end one day. Recently, there has been a strong focus on finding alternative and renewable ways to produce energy. One of these ways is to use hydrogen as a resource for many applications, including the most important electricity generation. This study deals with the mechanism of hydrogen production through the electrolysis of water, which was represented by the use of a model of the electrolysis cell, through which factors affecting the amount of hydrogen produced such as time, concentration, and electrolyte type. Two different catalysts (electrolyte type) were employed in this study, namely sodium hydroxide NaOH and potassium hydroxide KOH, they were used as electrolysis in order to evaluate the levels of hydrogen production. Experimental results showed that the potassium hydroxide catalyst was better than the sodium hydroxide, due to the activity of potassium ion in the electrolyte medium, which plays an important role in the dissolution process and hydrogen production. The best amount of hydrogen gas production was (140 ml) at 3 minutes, 4 amperes, 10 volts, and a concentration of 5 g/L of KOH. Faradaic efficiency was used to evaluate hydrogen production in both electrolysis mediums. The experimental results showed that the highest Faraday efficiency was 0.179% at a concentration of 5 g/L.

Development of Reduce Graphene Oxide (rGO)/ Polypyrrole Composite towards Potential Application of CO2 Gas Sensor

Ppy and Ppy/rGO composites were synthesized using a one-step in-situ oxidation polymerization process. The synthesis involves incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into the Ppy matrix to improve its sensing properties. Composites were characterized using XRD and FTIR. Response time and the recovery time of sensors were estimated by the static response. The response time of pure Ppy substrate is found to be more than that of Ppy/rGO 10%. Recovery time of Ppy is more as compared to shorter recovery time of Ppy/rGO 10 % i.e 54s. As the recovery time of Ppy/rGO is very less, the active layer can be used as a potential CO2 sensor for carbon dioxide gas sensing and monitoring. Thus, study demonstrates the potential of using Ppy/rGO composites in practical gas-sensing devices, especially for detecting CO2. The enhanced performance attributed to the rGO doping makes it a valuable approach for improving sensor technologies.

Research and Prospect of CCUS‐EOR Technology and Carbon Emission Reduction Accounting Evaluation

ABSTRACTAs a potential carbon emission reduction measure, carbon capture, utilization and storage technology is of great significance to achieve the goals of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality.” The implementation of carbon capture, utilization, and storage‐enhanced oil recovery (CCUS‐EOR) in the oil and gas industry serves the dual purpose of utilizing greenhouse gases as resources and enhancing oil recovery. This approach is a key strategy for achieving carbon emission reductions. In this study, the key problems of source‐sink matching, injection mode, oil displacement storage, and leakage were analyzed in conjunction with CCUS‐EOR technology used in both domestic and foreign oil fields. Additionally, the carbon emission reduction accounting methods of different oil fields were compared. Carbon source, carbon dioxide concentration, capture, and transportation mode are important influencing factors of carbon source selection. The project should follow the principle of proximity and select high‐concentration gas source as the development object in the early stage; the main methods of carbon dioxide injection are continuous carbon dioxide injection, alternating water and gas injection, and CO2 huff and puff among which injection speed and injection pressure are the key parameters; the underground occurrence state and storage capacity of carbon dioxide gas are dynamic changes in the process of oil displacement and storage; the three parts of surface leakage, injection wellbore leakage, and production well production are the key points of CCUS‐EOR project leakage. The corresponding monitoring methods are analyzed for different leakage modes; the CCUS‐EOR carbon emission reduction accounting method is comprehensively analyzed, and the application of carbon emission reduction accounting methods in major oilfields is compared. The accounting method of “life cycle assessment (LCA) + emission factor method + actual measurement method” is proposed. The research holds significant importance for enhancing the entire CCUS‐EOR technology chain and refining the CCUS‐EOR emission reduction accounting methodology. It also facilitates the integration of CCUS‐EOR projects into the carbon trading market, thereby enabling the efficient development of carbon assets in carbon dioxide flooding projects within oil and gas fields.

Atmospheric-level carbon dioxide gas sensing using low-loss mid-IR silicon waveguides.

Interest in carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors is growing rapidly due to the increasing awareness of the link between air quality and health. Indoor, high CO2 levels signal poor ventilation, and outdoor the burning of fossil fuels and its associated pollution. CO2 gas sensors based on integrated optical waveguides are a promising solution due to their excellent gas sensing selectivity, compact size, and potential for mass manufacturing large volumes at low cost. However, previous demonstrations have not shown adequate performance for atmospheric-level sensing on a scalable platform. Here, we report the clearly resolved detection of 500 ppm CO2 gas at 1 s integration time and an extrapolated 1σ detection limit of 73 ppm at 61 s integration time using an integrated suspended silicon waveguide at a wavelength of 4.2 µm. Our waveguide design enables suspended strip waveguides with bottom anchors while maintaining a constant waveguide core cross-sectional geometry. This unique design results in a low propagation loss of 2.20 dB/cm. The waveguides were implemented in a 150 mm silicon on insulator (SOI) platform using standard optical lithography, providing a clear path to low-cost mass manufacturing. The low CO2 detection limit of our proposed waveguide, combined with its compatibility for high-volume production, creates substantial opportunities for waveguide sensing technology in CO2 sensing applications such as fossil fuel combustion monitoring and indoor air quality monitoring for ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Influence of Practitioner Dashboard Feedback on Anesthetic Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Prospective Performance Improvement Investigation.

Anesthetic gases contribute to global warming. We described a two-year performance improvement project to examine the association of individualized provider dashboard feedback of anesthetic gas carbon dioxide equivalent (CDE20) production and median perioperative fresh gas flows (FGF) during general anesthetics during perioperative management. Using a custom structured query language (SQL) query, hourly CDE20 for each anesthetic gas and median FGF were determined. During the first year, practitioners were not given any feedback on their use of anesthetic gases. During the second year of the study protocol, a commercially available business intelligence platform was used to deliver individualized monthly dashboard of these parameters to each practitioner. Continuous values are expressed as median [first quartile, third quartile]. During the study period, 53,294 patients managed by 79 anesthesiologists were available for analysis. Bivariate analysis revealed an overall decrease in median FGF from 2.0 [1.9, 3.0] liters/minute (l/min) to 1.9 [1.7, 2.0] l/min (p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the overall total CDE20 from 5.10 [0,12.3] to 3.59 [0,8.78] kg/hr (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated an initial decrease in monthly practitioner total CDE20 production with the intervention (odds ratio (OR) 0.875 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.809-0.996, p < 0.001) and a faster decrease rate in monthly total CDE20 (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.976-0,996, p < 0.001). Dashboard distribution initially decreased isoflurane (intervention OR 0.97 95% CI 0.96-0.99, p = 0.001) and N2O (OR 0.82 95% CI 0.73-0.94, p = 0.003) CDE20 production and was associated with a steeper declining rate of isoflurane (OR 0.87, CI 0.79-0.94, p < 0.001) and desflurane (OR 0.9, 0.84-0.97, p = 0.005) CDE20 production. The intervention did not have a significant effect on the monthly rate of decline of sevoflurane or N2O CDE20. The average practitioner FGF decreased by 0.3l/m (95% confidence interval (CI): -0,011, -0.5, p = 0.002) with dashboard distributions. Dashboard distribution may be an effective tool to decrease FGF as well as components of anesthetic greenhouse gas emissions.

Effect of HA and CO2 Gas on the Microstructure and Corrosion of Coatings Prepared by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Mg‐Nd‐Zn‐Ca Alloy

ABSTRACTPlasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is receiving more and more attention as a technique to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. In this paper, we investigated the preparation of surface coatings on magnesium alloys by simultaneously introducing carbon dioxide gas and hydroxyapatite (HA) into the electrolyte. The coatings were characterized using SEM, XRD, FT‐IR, and XPS. The results show that carbon dioxide and hydroxyapatite contribute to the growth of the film coatings. The kinetic potential polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy surfaces indicated better corrosion resistance in SBF solution. This method helps to generate smooth and compact coatings on the surface of magnesium alloys, which will provide broader prospects for magnesium alloys in future applications.

Health system and environmental factors affecting global progress towards achieving End TB targets between 2015 and 2020.

Health system and environmental factors play a significant role in achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) End Tuberculosis (TB) targets. However, quantitative measures are scarce or non-existent at a global level. We aimed to measure the progress made towards meeting the global End TB milestones from 2015 to 2020 and identify health system and environmental factors contributing to the success. We obtained data from ten different online data repositories and used principal component analysis to create domain-specific health system performance measures. We used radar charts and dumbbell plots to show the country's progress in ending TB with their health systems. Lastly, we used a linear regression model to identify key health systems and environmental predictors of the percent reduction in TB incidence and mortality. There was a high variation in TB incidence and mortality reduction between countries and WHO regions. Of all countries included, 75 (39.3%) achieved more than a 20% reduction in TB incidence between 2015 and 2020. However, only 31 (16.2%) reached a 35% reduction in TB mortality. The European Region achieved the highest incidence reduction, exceeding the 2020 milestone with a 25% reduction. The African Region also made notable progress, achieving an 18% mortality reduction despite its relatively poor health systems. Health system factors, such as TB financing, TB-specific health service delivery, access to medicine, and governance, were significantly associated with TB mortality reduction between 2015 and 2020. Environmental factors, such as average annual temperature and air particulate matter concentration, were found to have a significant negative effect on TB incidence and mortality reduction. Weak health systems were identified as major barriers to achieving the End TB milestones in most high-burden countries. Hence, strengthening health systems with a special focus on TB financing, service delivery, and access to medicine in these countries should be prioritised to achieve global TB mortality reduction targets. Countries should follow WHO's air quality guidelines and rapidly reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the impact of environmental factors.

Supercritical CO2-Stable Cementing Materials Based on Vinyl Ester Resin for Maintaining Wellbore Integrity.

Ensuring long-term wellbore integrity is critical for carbon dioxide geological storage. Ordinary Portland cement (PC) is usually used for wellbore primary cementing and plug operation, and set cement is easily corroded by acidic fluids, such as carbon dioxide, in underground high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) environments, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties and an increase in permeability. In order to achieve long-term wellbore integrity in a CO2-rich environment This study introduces materials such as thermosetting vinyl ester resin (TSR), filler composite resin (FCR), and low-cost resin cement (RC). Corrosion experiments were conducted using four materials in 28 days under supercritical carbon dioxide gas and water phase conditions of 60 °C and 10 MPa. The samples were characterized through mechanical property testing machines, core permeability measuring instruments, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The results proved that after corrosion, PC mechanical properties decreased, the permeability increased, and the microscopic composition and morphology changed greatly. Penetrating corrosion occurs in the sample in the gas phase environment, and propulsive corrosion from outside to inside occurs in the water phase environment. However, TSR, FCR, and RC materials all maintain excellent resistance to carbon dioxide corrosion in gas and water environments. They have higher compressive strength and extremely low permeability compared to ordinary Portland cement. These three materials' compressive strengths can be maintained around 131, 99, and 58 MPa, and permeability can be stabilized at <6 × 10-7, <6 × 10-7, and 0.16 mD levels. In summary, the above three materials all show better performance than ordinary Portland cement and are promising alternative materials that can be used in primary cementing and plug operations of carbon dioxide geological storage wells.

Pore-Scale Study of Fluid Displacement in Parallel-Layered Porous Media and Implications of Associated Distinct Flow Dynamics.

Fluid displacement within layered porous media is more complex than in nonlayered ones. Most of the previous studies placed a focus on the porous media with layerings perpendicular to the flow direction, and the effects of pore topology were often ignored. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the flow physics in porous media with layering parallel to the flow direction by accounting for the specific pore topology. Based on the phase-field method, a series of pore-scale numerical simulations were performed to investigate the dynamic displacement processes within layered porous media under various capillary numbers and wettability. The results showed that oil recovery was strongly affected by the heterogeneity of porous media in the capillary fingering regime compared to the viscous one. Besides, the alternative advancing phenomenon of the water fingers was suppressed in layered porous media. Compared with water wetting conditions, the viscous fingering regime of the invading water is more pronounced under oil wetting conditions. Last but not least, the center of mass of water flow paths can be used for fingering regime identification. These findings contribute to our better understanding of the flow dynamics of fluid displacement within layered porous media, which are of great significance to the industry related to oil recovery, underground storage of carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas, etc.

Comparative study of operating modes on a gaseous two-stage compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system through energy and exergy analysis based on dynamic simulation

Comparative study of operating modes on a gaseous two-stage compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system through energy and exergy analysis based on dynamic simulation

Effects of warm carbon dioxide insufflation vs. local heat on shoulder pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized clinical trial.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common procedure for gallbladder diseases, but many patients experience shoulder pain due to pneumoperitoneum. This study investigates the comparative effectiveness of warm carbon dioxide gas insufflation versus local heat application in reducing shoulder pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We also examined changes in body temperature during surgery and postoperative shivering in the intervention and control groups. 93 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into three groups: Group A: Warm carbon dioxide gas, Group B: Local heat, Group C: Control. Patients' body temperature, shivering, and right/left shoulder pain were evaluated. Data was analyzed using SPSS software with a significance level of 0.05 and GEE regression. Mean right shoulder pain scores at 48h and mean left shoulder pain scores at 24/48h post-operation were significantly lower in the intervention groups compared to control (p<0.05). There were differences in temperature body during surgery among the study groups. The mean body temperature was 0.48 units higher in Group B compared to the control group. Group A had a 0.14-unit lower temperature than the control group, although this difference was not statistically significant. No significant difference in postoperative shivering was observed among the groups. Based on the findings of this study, Methods of warm carbon dioxide gas insufflation and local heating in laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduce shoulder pain in patients during the postoperative phase. The local heating method significantly increased the patients' body temperature compared to the other two groups, and shivering was similar across all three groups.

Managing Recurrent Carbon Dioxide Embolism During Laparoscopic Hepatectomy With Transesophageal Echocardiography Guidance: A Case Report.

Carbon dioxide gas emboli is a potentially fatal complication that occurs more frequently during laparoscopic hepatectomy compared to other laparoscopic surgeries. The patient featured in this report had massive gas embolism confirmed by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) that were associated with episodes of severe hypoxemia, hemodynamic instability, and right ventricular failure requiring conversion to open hepatectomy. Abrupt abdominal decompression resulted in massive hemorrhage from a previously undetected defect in the middle hepatic vein. The report demonstrates the successful management of gas embolism during laparoscopic hepatectomy even with a significant delay in vascular repair and highlights the critical role of TEE.

Climate change’s impact on the nervous system: A review study

Background: Global warming is caused by increased carbon dioxide and other industrial gases, which shift the climate of human habitat and environment, impacting human health globally. In this review, we tried to overview the current knowledge of climate change’s impact on neurological disease. Methods: A comprehensive search on PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus was conducted to find the relevant original studies. Language, sex, age, date, or country of study were not restricted. Included studies report increased Alzheimer’s disease mortality and hospital admission. Results: This increase was seen from the first day with high temperature to 3-4 days later. Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects were more vulnerable to high temperatures compared to dementia patients (RR for dementia: 1.29 and for PD: 1.41). Global warming was linked to the increase in the incidence of Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) (from 0.1% to 5.4%), Japanese encephalitis (OR: 2 when floods occur), and ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) (RR: 1.62 for each 1 ◦C increase per month). Conclusion: Health-related consequences of climate change are inevitable. The burden of medical problems related to the elderly population (especially the elderly with dementia), infectious diseases, and CFP on the healthcare system will naturally increase. Studying global warming trends could empower us with more precise predictions of the future and better planning to face climate change-related challenges.