Gas Catalyst Research Articles

Red mud enhanced biomass gasification to produce syngas: Mechanism, simulation and economic evaluation

Red mud (RM) has the potential to balance catalytic activity and recycling stability. To achieve the efficient utilization of RM, this study systematically explores the RM potential as the catalyst in biomass gasification through three aspects: catalytic experiment, simulation of biomass gasification coupled with solid oxide electrolysis cells for methanol and economic analysis. The catalytic experimental results indicate that RM has a positive effect on the biomass gasification, with a gas yield of 615.9 ml/gbiomass, representing an increment of 40.9 %. Fe2O3 and Al2O3 are the main catalytic components in RM. The simulation results on biomass gasification coupled with SOEC for methanol show that RM has increased the methanol yield to 381.83 kg/tonBiomass, with an increase of 23.9 %. The economic analysis indicates that the RM can reduce the methanol production cost, demonstrating a promising application prospect. This paper providing strong support for RM high-value synergistic utilization.

Catalytic effects of red mud on coal char gasification and the transformation of active lattice oxygen in iron oxides

Catalytic gasification can obviously accelerate gasification reaction rate. However, recovery of catalysts is currently the main challenge. In this work, a kind of industrial solid waste called red mud was tested as a disposable catalyst for coal gasification and its catalytic behaviors were preferentially investigated. The results show that red mud has well-developed pore structures. A variety of catalytic species were found in it and more active sites were formed, consequently resulting in outstanding catalytic ability. Gasification temperature, O/C ratio, and steam flow rate are suggested to be key points influencing the gasification process. Under the same conditions (950 °C, O/C ratio: 3, and steam flow: 0.05 mL/min), carbon conversion, syngas selectivity, and syngas yield of coal gasification catalyzed by red mud reached up to 83.7 %, 88.6 %, and 119.0 mol/g, respectively, which were enhanced by 21.0 %, 22.5 %, and 2.4 % compared with that using pure Fe2O3. XRD and XPS analyses proved that in the early reduction process, the lattice oxygen gradually dissociated from inside of Fe2O3 crystals and migrated to the outside surface to react with char and reducing gases, leading to the formation of Fe3O4 and Fe. Subsequently, with continuous addition of steam, Fe was oxidized to regenerate Fe3O4 and the oxidation–reduction performance of Fe was hence improved.

A Review of Catalyst Integration in Hydrothermal Gasification

Industrial scale-up of hydrothermal supercritical water gasification process requires catalytic integration to reduce the high operational temperatures and pressures to enhance controlled chemical reaction pathways, product yields, and overall process economics. There is greater literature disparity in consensus on what is the best catalyst and reactor design for hydrothermal gasification. This arises from the limited research on catalysis in continuous flow hydrothermal systems and rudimentary lab-scale experimentation on simple biomasses. This review summarizes the literature status of catalytic hydrothermal processing, especially for continuous gasification and in situ catalyst handling. The rationale for using low and high temperatures during catalytic hydrothermal processing is highlighted. The role of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in hydrothermal gasification is presented. In addition, the rationale behind certain designs and component selection for catalytic investigations in continuous hydrothermal conversion is highlighted. Furthermore, the effect of different classes of catalysts on the reactor and reactions are elaborated. Overall, design and infrastructural challenges such as plugging, corrosion, agglomeration of the catalysts, catalyst metal leaching, and practical assessment of catalyst integration towards enhancement of process economics still present open questions. Therefore, strategies for catalytic configuration in continuous hydrothermal process must be evaluated on a system-by-system basis depending on the feedstock and experimental goals.

Feasibility of sustainable reusability of Ni/char catalyst for synthetic gas production via catalytic steam gasification

Ni/char catalyst is one of the most promising catalysts for enhancing gas production, particularly syngas from catalytic steam gasification of biomass. In the current study, one unmodified (Ni/MMchar) and two modified catalysts (Ni/NaMMchar and Ni/NaAceMMchar) were utilized to investigate the reusability potential of Ni/char catalyst for catalytic steam gasification of bamboo in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor including the changes in catalyst characteristics. N2 adsorption-desorption by BET, scanning electron microscope connected with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were utilized for examining their characteristics. The findings indicated that the three catalysts could maintain the reusability potential in catalytic steam gasification of bamboo for twice cycles. The syngas reduction percentages in the second cycles of the catalysts ranged between 11.0 and 22.8 %. H2/CO ratios of all spent catalysts lined in the range of 4.10 − 2.45. The low heating values of syngas products were in the range of 8.83–8.19 MJ/Nm3. Considering the catalyst characteristics, the increasing cycles of catalyst operations induced carbon deposition, resulting in the reduction of specific surface areas. SEM-EDS images of the used catalysts appeared the coke layer and the Ni metal sintering on the surfaces. The uses of catalysts encouraged the transformation of Ni metal active site into NiO, Ni2O3 and Ni3C forms. These phenomena were the major causes of catalyst deactivation. The changes in the characteristics and catalyst activity controlled the gasification reactions, resulting in the catalyst deactivation and gaseous products.

Intelligent optimization of steam gasification catalysts for palm oil waste using support vector machine and adaptive transition marine predator algorithm

The present study investigates the optimization of the steam gasification process for the conversion of palm oil waste into environmentally friendly energy, utilizing the catalytic properties of calcium oxide and coal bottom ash. The objective of our research is to investigate the enhancement of the conversion process by employing a machine-learning approach. Specifically, we utilize a support vector machine (SVM) to model and evaluate the impact of different operational parameters on the resulting gas mixture. One notable feature of this study involves the incorporation of an adaptive marine predator algorithm (AMPA) into the SVM framework, aiming to enhance the predicted precision and efficiency of the model. The primary focus of this study revolves around the development of an intelligent optimization framework that surpasses conventional machine learning techniques, hence providing a more dynamic and efficient strategy for process improvement. The SVM model’s performance, as assessed against experimental benchmarks, exhibits a notable degree of predictive accuracy and substantial concurrence with observed data. This increase in performance indicates that our methodology has the potential to make a significant contribution to the enhancement of renewable catalysts in gasification processes. The findings of this study could potentially have significant ramifications for the advancement of renewable energy production and the creation of intelligent systems in complicated industrial applications.

Enhancing the catalytic H2 production performance of magnetic Ni-Fe2O3-C catalyst in biomass steam gasification using electromagnetic induction heating

In this study, a novel magnetic Ni-Fe2O3-C catalyst combined with electromagnetic induction heating in biomass steam gasification was proposed to enhance H2 production. Better catalytic performance for H2 production was observed with the Ni-Fe2O3-C catalyst under induction heating, resulting in an increase in H2 yield from 735.1 to 2271.2 mL/g-biomass (a 209.1 % enhancement). SEM, TGA and XRD analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in coking deposition, caking, and particle agglomeration of the Ni-Fe2O3-C catalyst under induction heating, while maintaining more active sites. Importantly, the benefits of induction heating were also applicable to different magnetic catalysts like Ni-Al2O3-C, Ni-ZrO2-C, and Ni-MgO-C. Experimental results revealed a logarithmic correlation between the increase in H2 yields due to induction heating and the magnetic saturation (Ms) of the catalysts. The Ni-Fe2O3-C catalyst, with a high Ms of 50.9 emu/g, showed the highest catalytic activity for H2 production under induction heating in this study.

Development of multiple alkali metals doped La-Ni based perovskites for CO2 gasification of biochar to produce CO rich syngas

Under the background of carbon neutrality, there is an urgent need for the production of high-valued syngas from renewable carbon resources. This work focused on the evaluation of multiple alkali metals doping on the catalytic activity of La-Ni based perovskite catalysts in CO2 gasification of biochar. The structure and property evolution of samples were analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, Raman spectra, CO2-TPD, etc. The experiment results found that Li+ exhibited a stronger catalytic gasification promotion effect than K+ and Na+, owing to the high mobility of the smallest radius ions in the lattice. Among the samples, La0.4K0.2Na0.2Li0.2NiO3 possessed the best catalytic performance with the maximum release rates of CO of 116.76 mL min−1·g−1 and 3.25 times in reactivity indexes in contrast to the LaNiO3. Correspondingly, it also showed significant resistance to ash in the cycle gasification experiments. Deep substitution with multiple alkali metals at A-site produced more active oxygen species ([O]) on the oxygen vacancies (Ov) and increased the proportion of Ni3+ of the La0.4K0.2Na0.2Li0.2NiO3, resulting in excellent catalytic CO2 gasification capacity. Furthermore, the adsorption and activation capacity of CO2 were also enhanced by the surface basic active sites generated by alkali metals substitution. Based on the experiments and characterization results, the redox recycling between Ni2+−Ov and Ni3+−[O] were proposed as the main reaction mechanisms for CO2 gasification of biochar. This study provides a valuable exploration for the complex substitution of perovskite catalysts and high-efficiency CO2 gasification of biochar.

Enhancement of biohydrogen production and low coke formation by applying Ni/ZrxCe1-xO2 catalyst in steam gasification of spent coffee ground in monolithic reactor

To produce H2-rich gas, steam gasification of spent coffee grounds is performed in this study by applying ZrxCe1-xO2 supports (x = 0.2, 0.6) in a monolithic reactor. Compared with conventional Ni/γ-Al2O3, Ni/ZrxCe1-xO2 catalysts offer higher gas yields and H2 generation. In particular, Ni/Zr0.6Ce0.4O2 exhibits the highest gas yield (86.32 wt%), H2 selectivity (56 vol%), and low coke formation owing to its favorable Ni dispersion, high oxygen mobility, and completely homogeneous nanometer-sized morphology. A significant increase in gas yield was observed in the monolith reactor (M@Ni/Zr0.6Ce0.4O2) compared to the fixed bed reactor (F@Ni/Zr0.6Ce0.4O2), from 74.85 wt% to 86.32 wt%. H2 selectivity (56.87 vol%) is also increased, which can be associated with the unique properties of the monolithic reactor. This phenomenon is attributed to the increase in residence time and the amount of mass and heat transfer between the catalyst and vapor, which favorably direct the selectivity toward H2. The use of metal-oxide composite supports, especially Ni/Zr0.6Ce0.4O2 catalyst, effectively alleviated coke formation (0.7 wt%), whereas the amount of coke produced by Ni/γ-Al2O3 (2.4 wt%) was more than three times higher. Overall, exploiting the remarkable benefits of ZrxCe1-xO2 (x = 0.2, 0.6) composite oxides as supports for Ni catalyst and monolithic reactors would have an emerging outlook for H2 generation via gasification technology.

Review on Advance Catalyst for Biomass Gasification

The production of renewable energy from biomass waste is a recent innovative approach attracting significant attention. In this field, gasification technology has become an important method, enabling the transformation of biomass into bio-syngas for wide applications, such as electrical power, transportation fuel, cooking fuel, and chemicals. Bio-syngas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane, are considered a clean and nontoxic fuel. To achieve an effective and efficient gasification process, capable of producing a fuel grade syngas, the use of the catalyst has been reported as the most practical approach. Although this concept is currently in development, it has captured the interest of numerous investigations. The current challenge is the development of a catalyst that can reduce tar, enhance H2 yield at a relatively low temperature, capture CO2, and maintain an extended active lifespan. Therefore, this research aimed to review the novel catalysts discussed in the latest literatures with the ability to produce the highest hydrogen product by using an effective process. The catalysts included natural minerals containing alkali metals, metals, carbon, and composites. Additionally, here also suggested the potential materials should be explored more intensively for gasification catalysts. This review would help to promote and accelerate the research and application of biomass gasification using local existing feedstock. Since the future of energy depended on renewable sources, producing syngas became one of the best options to support energy demand using biomass waste in Indonesia.

Characterization and gasification of end-of-life banknotes rich in cotton content

Many central banks are reviewing their environmentally sustainable activities, including the disposal of end-of-life banknotes, within the scope of green finance policies aimed at reducing environmental impacts. The total amount of banknote production waste and end-of-life (non-reusable) banknotes is estimated to exceed 185.000 tons per year worldwide. End-of-life banknotes are commonly disposed of as combustion, incineration for energy recovery, and landfill. In this study, the characterization and gasification of end-of-life banknotes rich in cotton content, which are classified as lignocellulosic waste, were investigated to bring them into the economy more effectively. The proximate, calorific value, lignocellulosic, elemental, and metal analyses were performed as characterization tests. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed at six different heating rates from 5 to 30 °C. The gasification experiments were carried out in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor. With the gas analyzer, CO, CO2, CH4, H2, and O2 compositions as the mole fraction were determined simultaneously. The effects of temperature, particle size, and H2O/O2 ratio at the inlet intake on the experimental mole fractions were examined. The gasification main reactions that could be effective in gas composition were examined. The cotton-based banknote sample presented high levels of calorific value, C, O, H, cellulose, and lignin concentrations. The sample contained various transition metals such as Fe, Cu, Co, and Cr, which can be used as catalysts in gasification. The activation energy was calculated as 171.13 kJ/mol according to Kissinger method. In gasification experiments, the production of CO (12.11 %) and H2 (8.77 %) in a high composition was carried out.

Effects of various carbon-supported iron catalysts on tar removal efficiency and syngas yield during catalytic biomass gasification

Raw biomass, biochar, and activated carbon (AC) were used to produce carbon supported iron catalysts for catalytic biomass gasification. K2CO3 was used to activate the biochar and provide the K promoter of the catalysts. The results showed that the catalyst prepared by co-impregnating and calcining Fe and K on the raw biomass (B-Fe-K) could remove 80.23 % tar, which was much higher than 73.73 % for the catalyst of B-Fe without the K promoter, and 76.25 % for the catalyst by co-impregnating and calcining Fe and K on the biochar (C-Fe-K). The supports of AC and biochar themselves could also remove 63.16 % and 37.23 % tar, respectively. The use of B-Fe-K almost doubled the syngas yield to 473.79 ml/g (including 243.56 ml/g CO, 198.25 ml/g H2, and 31.98 ml/g CO2), compared to 241.37 ml/g syngas (including 108.98 ml/g CO, 66.41 ml/g H2, and 65.987 ml/g CO2) produced by the pyrolysis of biomass without a catalyst. The addition of biochar during the pyrolysis slightly increased the syngas yield to 248.96 ml/g (117.36 ml/g CO, 74.22 ml/g H2, and 57.38 ml/g CO2) while the use of AC could significantly increase the syngas yield to 347.60 ml/g (179.39 ml/g CO, 124.22 ml/g H2, and 43.99 ml/g CO2). It was found that the porosity, dispersion of active sites and the oxidation state of iron oxide are substantial factors determining the performance of catalysts in tar removal efficiency. The addition of potassium and enhancing the porosity of the catalysts enhanced the reducibility of iron resulted in increasing the tar removal efficiency and gas yield.

The effect of CaO on coal gasification reaction with high-temperature copper slag as catalyst

ABSTRACT In order to improve the calorific value and reducibility of the syngas produced by traditional coal gasification technology, and to solve the problem of high cost of heat source in coal gasification, this paper proposes to use high-temperature copper slag as the heat carriers and catalyst for coal gasification, and CaO as the CO2 adsorbent during the coal gasification reaction. In this way, the proportion of H2 in the syngas gas can be increased, and the coal gasification reaction can be improved. In the experiment, the samples with different ratios were fully mixed, and then thermogravimetric experiment and gasification experiment were carried out. Through research, the following rules were found. The use of high-temperature copper slag as the heat source and catalyst in coal gasification can lead to a 20% increase in the final weight loss rate. Additionally, when CaO is used as the CO2 adsorbent during the coal gasification reaction, a noticeable secondary weight loss occurs at around 600°C and can reach a maximum speed of 0.19%/min. The use of the C/S/CaO = 1/1/2 ratio can result in a maximum weight loss rate of 23%. Meanwhile, the C/S/CaO = 1/2/1 group has been shown to achieve a maximum weight loss speed of 0.5%/min, and the C/S/CaO = 1/1/1 group exhibits a maximum secondary weight loss speed of 0.32%/min. The samples after gasification experiment were analyzed by SEM, CaO produced clustered iron-based and porous structure on the surface of copper slag in gasification reaction. Based on the Coats-Redfern method, kinetics of gasification reaction is obtained, and the optimum fitting function is C2, mechanism functions didn’t change with the variation of C/S/CaO. The research results suggest that CaO and copper slag can both enhance the coal gasification reaction. In addition, CaO is proven to be a more affordable and accessible CO2 adsorbent compared to other alternatives.

Recent progress of the transition metal-based catalysts in the catalytic biomass gasification: A mini-review

Biomass is regarded as an important renewable resource, which plays a critical role in the development of sustainable energy systems. Biomass can be converted into energy or valuable chemicals by combustion, liquefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification. Among these processes, thermal gasification cracks biomass into light species at high temperatures, which can be applied to biomass with the greatest variety. As the target product of biomass gasification, syngas or H2-rich gas are very important intermediates in the petrochemical industry. However, the troublesome tar produced during gasification could bring a series of problems. Catalytic biomass gasification is a promising strategy to greatly alleviate these issues. The transition metal-based catalysts for catalytic biomass gasification have been studied in the last decades. Various transition metal catalysts for biomass gasification are reviewed in this article, including monometallic and bimetallic Ni-based catalysts, and other Fe-, Co-, and Pt-based catalysts. The performance of these catalysts is evaluated based on applied reaction parameters, the quality of produced syngas, and the performance of tar reduction. The applications of DFT calculation and AI for mechanism studies of biomass gasification have been summarized, and the cause of catalyst deactivation and regeneration of spent catalysts are also discussed. Therefore, the target of this article is to elucidate conventional biomass conversion pathways and review the recent progress on catalyst development in the biomass gasification process.

A Review of the Design and Performance of Catalysts for Hydrothermal Gasification of Biomass to Produce Hydrogen-Rich Gas Fuel.

Supercritical water gasification has emerged as a promising technology to sustainably convert waste residues into clean gaseous fuels rich in combustible gases such as hydrogen and methane. The composition and yield of gases from hydrothermal gasification depend on process conditions such as temperature, pressure, reaction time, feedstock concentration, and reactor geometry. However, catalysts also play a vital role in enhancing the gasification reactions and selectively altering the composition of gas products. Catalysts can also enhance hydrothermal reforming and cracking of biomass to achieve desired gas yields at moderate temperatures, thereby reducing the energy input of the hydrothermal gasification process. However, due to the complex hydrodynamics of supercritical water, the literature is limited regarding the synthesis, application, and performance of catalysts used in hydrothermal gasification. Hence, this review provides a detailed discussion of different heterogeneous catalysts (e.g., metal oxides and transition metals), homogeneous catalysts (e.g., hydroxides and carbonates), and novel carbonaceous catalysts deployed in hydrothermal gasification. The article also summarizes the advantages, disadvantages, and performance of these catalysts in accelerating specific reactions during hydrothermal gasification of biomass, such as water-gas shift, methanation, hydrogenation, reforming, hydrolysis, cracking, bond cleavage, and depolymerization. Different reaction mechanisms involving a variety of catalysts during the hydrothermal gasification of biomass are outlined. The article also highlights recent advancements with recommendations for catalytic supercritical water gasification of biomass and its model compounds, and it evaluates process viability and feasibility for commercialization.

Enhancing inter-particle microwave discharge for efficient coke-CO2 gasification

To mitigate the adverse effects of catalyst volatilization and deactivation on CO2 gasification, we present a simple and feasible method for enhancing CO2 gasification by enhancing the inter-particle microwave discharge without adding a catalyst. This results in an 18.0%–30.6% increase in carbon conversion with similar energy consumption, demonstrating that the enhanced reactivity provided by the microwave discharge is comparable to conventional catalysts (Na, Fe, and K) for CO2 gasification. Experimental and simulation results reveal that enhancing the inter-particle microwave discharge raises the content of excited CO2 states, particularly high-level states. This is beneficial in reducing the activation barrier for the dissociative adsorption of CO2, which has the highest activation barrier of 406 kJ·mol−1. In conclusion, this study enhances the understanding of the mechanism for CO2 gasification without a catalyst and provides new insight into reactions prone to catalyst deactivation.

H2-rich gas production from wood biomass air-steam gasification over a multifunctional Ni1.5Ca4.0Mn1.0Ox catalyst derived from biomaterial

Solid waste is a vexing and widespread issue, especially in urban and rural areas, where waste wood and eggshells generate significant pollution. Wood-based biomass features high-quality carbon neutral energy source properties, and discarded eggshells can be employed to develop a calcium-based multifunctional catalyst for wood gasification, thereby converting the waste into green hydrogen. In this work, an oxygen-rich vacancy (82.1%) Ni1.5Ca4.0Mn1.0Ox catalyst with a dual pore size nanostructure was derived from waste eggshell and demonstrated anti-coking, CO oxidation, CO2 fixation and high performance in H2-rich gas production during wood air-steam gasification. The mechanism for removing carbon deposition was based on the transfer of carbon species on Ni metal surfaces by using Mn and Ca substances. The behavior of wood non-catalytic gasification and catalytic gasification were quantitatively analyzed and compared on a time scale. Effects of temperature, duration time, and steam/biomass mass ratio were studied to determine the optimal gasification conditions. Catalytic gasification achieved an increase of 32.3% and 5.42 of H2 proportion and H2/CO as well as a decline of 8.51% of CO and 21.05% of CO2 contents when compared to non-catalytic air-steam gasification. This work might provide an innovative perspective on using waste to generate green hydrogen.

Thermodynamic guidelines for improved operation of iron-based catalysts in gasification of biomass

Thermodynamic guidelines for improved operation of iron-based catalysts in gasification of biomass

Mechanism of sulfur poisoning to Ru-based catalysts in supercritical water gasification of glycerol: From experiment to combined DFT and kinetics studies

Systematic experimental and kinetic studies were carried out to investigate the effect of sulfur toxicity on the performance of Ru-based catalysts in supercritical water gasification of glycerol. The principal display of catalyst sulfur poisoning is a reduction in catalytic activity for the water–gas shift reaction due to the competition of sulfur and CO in the active site. Consequently, CO production rose with increasing sulfur concentration, while H2 yield gradually decreased. DFT calculations confirmed that the adsorption energy of CO at Ru and Ni surfaces tends to decrease in the presence of surface S, thus promoting CO desorption. A kinetic model involving the adsorption and desorption process was developed based on the proposed reaction network and calculations provide clear evidence for experimental observation that the CO adsorption rate decreases with increasing sulfur concentration, from 9.36 × 10−2 to 6.24 × 10−2 L2·mol−1·min−1·gcat−1, while desorption rate rises, from 5.20 × 10−3 to 1.56 × 10−1 L2·mol−1·min−1·gcat−1.

Nickel-loaded red mud catalyst for steam gasification of bamboo sawdust to produce hydrogen-rich syngas

Ni/red mud (RM) catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation and used in the catalytic steam gasification of bamboo sawdust (BS) to produce hydrogen-rich syngas. The system was optimized in terms of the amount of added nickel (10%), reaction temperature (800 °C), and catalyst placement (separately behind the BS). The maximum H2 yield was 17.3% higher than that using pure RM catalyst and 43.8% higher than that of BS gasification alone, and the H2/CO ratio in the syngas reached 7.82. This Ni/RM catalyst also retained good activity after six cycles in a double-stage fixed bed reactor. Analysis using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, and other methods revealed that the interaction of Ni, Fe, and Mg in Ni/RM produced bimetallic compounds containing active sites, such as NiFe2O4, MgNiO2, and NiO. This explains the good catalytic performance in the tar conversion during the gasification process.

Hydrogen generation from gasification of woody biomass upon acid mine drainage sludge as a novel catalyst under an air medium

In this study, the feasibility of employing acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS), mainly consisting of iron oxide (Fe2O3), as a novel catalyst for the air gasification of woody sawdust to produce H2-rich gas was evaluated for the first time. The effects of temperature, equivalence ratio (ER), and contact mode of the feedstock and catalyst on gas yield and H2 selectivity were investigated. Using the AMDS catalyst, a comparably higher gas yield (56.79 wt%) and higher content of H2 (18.31 vol%) and CO2 (36.45 vol%) were obtained compared to those obtained in the non-catalytic case owing to stimulated water–gas shift and steam–methane reforming reactions caused by the redox cycle of Fe2O3 within the gasification process. Gas yield and H2 concentration were enhanced by increasing the temperature from 750 to 850 ℃ (up to 65.11 wt% and 21.73 vol%, respectively) due to promoted endothermic reactions. Although increasing the ER from 0.1 to 0.3 dramatically increased the gas yield, it was not conducive to the promotion of H2 production, primarily because of the stimulated hydrogen oxidation reaction. The ex situ contact mode, where feedstock and catalyst were placed in the reactor and catalyst bed, respectively, resulted in a higher gas yield and H2 selectivity compared to those achieved by the in situ case, in which a mixture of feedstock and catalysts was located in the same reactor. Overall, the gasification of woody sawdust over an AMDS catalyst in an air medium has the potential to mitigate the challenges of AMDS treatment along with the production of valuable H2-rich gas.