Gas Supply Industry Research Articles

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ГАЗОСНАБЖЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ

Abstract. The relevance of the research is based to the need for effective implementation of digital technologies in the field of gas supply. The study of energy supply from natural gas was carried out in accordance with the functional patterns of technological processes and gas consumption factors in conjunction with the directions of digital transformation. 
 Subject: The main aim of the research to define and propose criteria for digital transformation, based on features of the gas supply industry for the gradual progressive development of the regional economy. 
 Materials and methods: The functional relationship with gas supply was determined based on the analysis and generalization of the main directions and criteria for the digital transformation. The method of comparing the results of digital transformation with a technological approach and with a relative assessment of investments was used. 
 Results: Groups of indicators that are technologically interconnected in gas supply are presented as criteria for digital transformation. An additional function to expand the boundaries of evaluating the economic efficiency of digital technologies is to provide a mechanism for creating added value in Russia. The increasing capitalization through investments in digital technologies is not a factor in increasing efficiency without a reasonable practical effect. 
 Conclusions: The implementation of digital transformation should not lead to an excessive increase in tariffs for gas supply to Russian regions, since energy supply is a necessary condition for the development of the economy.

Measuring and analyzing the information entropy value of key Audit matters (KAMs) disclosure at the system and reporting scale

Drawing upon information entropy theory, this study deduces a measurement formula for the information entropy for key audit matters (KAMs) disclosure, considering both system scale and audit report scale. The information entropy of an audit report within a specific system is calculated as the weighted average logarithm value of the continuous product of KAM disclosure frequencies. Subsequently, a systematic calculation of KAM disclosure information entropy is conducted using 14,837 financial statement audit reports from listed companies traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, covering the FY 2017-20 period. The findings indicate that: (1) The information entropy of KAM disclosure has decreased from 2017 to 2020, while the homogenization degree of KAM disclosure has increased. (2) The information entropy and evenness of KAM disclosure on the main board are significantly higher than those of the ChiNext and the STAR Market. (3) The transportation, storage and postal services, manufacturing, finance, power supply, heating, gas and water supply industries exhibit the highest overall information entropy of KAM disclosure, indicating good quality. (4) The information entropy and evenness of KAM disclosure are higher for the big 4 accounting firms compared to domestic accounting firms and big 8 accounting firms. (5) The KAMs disclosed when the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) provides unqualified opinions, emphasizing that matter paragraphs possess higher information value, and are more disorderly and balanced. The measurement method and related results of information entropy offer reference and comparative value for future research on the quality of KAMs disclosure.

Empirical analysis of the relationship between carbon trading price and stock price of high carbon emitting firms based on VAR model - evidence from Chinese listed companies.

At the United Nations General Assembly, the Chinese government promised to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve a relative balance between carbon dioxide production and offsetting by 2060. The research aims to explore the relationship between carbon trading prices and stock prices in various high emission industries in China and analyze the attitudes and behaviors of enterprises towards carbon trading. From a market perspective, this topic has important theoretical significance and practical value for promoting energy transformation, encouraging enterprises to reduce emissions, and controlling greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, understanding the behavior and attitude of enterprises in the carbon market is also of great significance for formulating policies and measures to develop the carbon trading market. The study used the VAR model to empirically analyze the relationship between carbon trading prices and stock prices. Granger causality test, impulse response analysis, and variance decomposition analysis are used for analysis. The research results indicate that the contribution rate of carbon trading prices in the first phase is 100%, which gradually decreases to the lowest value of 98.27% in the eighth phase. The stock price contribution rates of the water, electricity, and gas supply industries reach a peak of 0.74% in the second period and gradually decrease to 5.2% in the eighth period. The contribution rate of stock prices in other industries has gradually increased. At present, the carbon trading market in China is still in the development stage, and it is necessary for the government to adopt various policies to regulate it, including encouraging enterprises in high emission industries to increase investment in emission reduction, strengthening the supervision of the carbon trading market, providing technical support and green innovation incentives, strengthening enterprise emission reduction awareness and information disclosure.

AUTOMATED NATURAL GAS VOLUME MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

One of the main problems in the gas supply industry remains the insufficient accuracy in determining the volumes of consumed gas. On the one hand, this is due to the use of faulty or outdated measuring equipment in metering stations, and on the other hand, the operating conditions of metering stations do not always meet the requirements of technical documentation. In particular, the absence of automated data collection and processing systems from metering stations complicates, and sometimes prevents, the monitoring of actual natural gas consumption. Therefore, the task of creating automated gas volume measurement complexes remains relevant.
 The aim of this work is to substantiate the structure and elements of such a complex.
 The article presents a generalized structure of a gas metering station based on an automated measurement complex. One of the key elements of complex, ensuring the quality and accuracy of measurements, is the gas flow converter under working conditions.
 The authors have analyzed the methods of gas flow measurement that have gained the widest popularity in measurement practice and the possibilities of using devices based on them, considering the peculiarities of the operational use of the complex. In turn, the operating conditions are determined by internal technological, external mechanical, and design factors.
 A separate issue in the creation of an automated complex is the application of interfaces for data exchange with other systems or remote data transmission. The paper formulates requirements for the functionality of the electronic computing unit and its software, which, in addition to polling, registration, indication, and calculations, include self-diagnostics.
 The application of the complex will significantly improve the quality of natural gas metering and contribute to increased resource utilization efficiency, gas consumption forecasting, loss reduction, prevention of possible emergency situations, and more, based on the collection, processing, and analysis of measurement data.

How Does the Industrial Digitization Affect Carbon Emission Efficiency? Empirical Measurement Evidence from China’s Industry

Based on the panel data of China’s industrial carbon emissions from 2015 to 2022, the S-SBM model is scientifically used to measure the industrial carbon emission efficiency, and a spatial model is constructed to empirically analyze the spatial effect of industrial digitalization on carbon emission efficiency. From the regional perspective, it is interesting to find that industrial digitization has shown an overall downward trend of the central, western and northeastern regions showing a roughly N-shaped trend of change. From an industry perspective, we also find that industrial digitization has a relatively high overall impact on the carbon emissions performance of the mining industry with significant changes in the performance of electricity and heat and gas and water production and supply industries. Therefore, the experimental results effectively provide the substantive empirical evidence for policy makers on how to best promote the development of industrial digitization and strengthen the effective application of digital technology affecting carbon emission control in China.

What opportunities opens up for industrial enterprises the purchase of natural gas on the commodity exchange

Over the past 15 years, the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation has undergone significant systemic and structural changes. The need to implement changes is dictated by external challenges from the global energy markets, in the functioning of which the Russian economy plays a key role, as well as internal challenges, emerging in the form of requests from all sectors of the economy for the need to reduce the cost of consumed energy resources, and the need to increase the efficiency of the economy. Since 2006, a wholesale electricity (capacity) market has been operating in Russia, the mechanisms of which are based on the principle of competitive pricing for electricity supplied to consumers. Participation in the wholesale market for industrial enterprises opens up the possibility of reducing the cost of purchasing electricity, in the form of excluding the payment for the services of regional guaranteeing suppliers, whose share can range from 3% to 8% of the final electricity tariffs. Positive experience in creating competitive relations in the electric power industry determined the possibility for introducing energy market mechanisms into the Russian gas supply industry. In 2014, competitive natural gas trading was launched in Russia as part of the Commodity Exchange, in which large consumers and independent suppliers can participate.

Is there an Impact of Company Size and Industry on Corporate Culture? An Empirical Study from the Slovak Republic

Abstract Nowadays, corporate culture has become a strategic priority for companies. It is an important part of companies, as it indicates the overall trend in the behaviour of employees' work relations and processes. At the same time, corporate culture helps employees understand the company, identify with the company's goals, and become part of the company. Some authors consider corporate culture to be the main characteristic that distinguishes successful companies. If a company exhibits a high level of culture, its organizational performance also increases. Therefore, we consider corporate culture to be an integral part of every company. Data for the research was obtained through an online questionnaire. Subsequently, we used the statistical program IBM SPSS 25. To determine the existence of a relationship between company size and corporate culture and between industry and corporate culture, we used Pearson’s χ2 test for contingency tables, as the variables are qualitative. Subsequently, we evaluated the strength of the relationship based on Cramer's V. Subsequently, correspondence analysis was used to display the use of corporate culture for industries according to SK NACE and company size. Using Pearson's χ2 test, we found that there is a weak relationship between firm size and corporate culture, and a moderate relationship between industry and corporate culture. On the basis of correspondence analysis, we found, for example, that micro-enterprises use a culture of power, medium-sized enterprises use a culture of roles, and the electricity and gas supply industry uses a culture of performance. The added value of the article is the topicality of the research and the fact that the results relate to the Slovak Republic and can serve as a basis for further research. As a limitation of our research, we can consider that not all branches of the Slovak economy were represented according to SK NACE.

Patterns of embodied pollutant emissions along the global light industrial chain: A complex network perspective

With the upgrading of consumer goods and accelerating trade globalization, enormous amounts of pollution related to the light industry sector's production are transferred across borders along the global industrial chain, but their network patterns and evolution remain unclear. Here, we developed an analytical framework for trade-embodied pollutant emissions transfer (TPET) network by combining complex network theory and input– output theory to analyze the network of 16 light industries in 43 economies from 2000 to 2014. We revealed the critical economies, key industries, critical paths and their evolution trends. The light industry sector's total TPET was consistently large, but many factors (e.g., upgrading consumer goods, increasing trade volume, the 2008 financial crisis) caused large fluctuations. The network densities remained relatively high, with an obvious small-world property and significant centralization. Large economies (especially the world's top 10 economies with a total GDP exceeding US $1.86 trillion in 2014) were critical nodes due to their stable and dominant importance, but played opposite roles (i.e., net TPET importers vs. net exporters). Due to large differences in domestic demand, and environmental regulations, high-income economies (e.g., the U.S., and Germany) were the leading net TPET exporters, whereas low- or middle-income economies (e.g., China, Russia) were the dominate net importers; TPET therefore primarily flowed from high-income to low- or middle-income economies, with substantial growth over time. The electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply industry, the manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products, the manufacture of basic metals, and the fishing and aquaculture industry together accounted for 81.2 and 89.0% of total trade-embodied NOX and SOX emissions, respectively; they were thus key industries. To reduce emissions, critical economies should consume more environment-friendly products, strengthen technological innovation and pollution control in key industries, and expand environmental cooperation with other countries. Our results provide insights into the global light industry sector's TPET characteristics and reduction strategies. They also provide a reference for adjusting trade patterns and industrial structures.

Differences in determination of terms and safety requirements in regulatory documents of gas supply

The article studies the terms and requirements of the current regulatory documents that are used in the gasification of various facilities and in their maintenance and repair. The problem is solved by comparing normative documents. The paper analyzes the current regulatory documents and analyzes the terms and concepts inherent in the gas supply industry, such as natural gas, gas quality, gas metering, gas supply system, gas hazardous work, technical lanes, pressure, tank, cylinder, etc. The differences in the interpretations of some and the same terms in the current regulatory documents, different requirements, additions to some of them by others. The article may also be useful to employees who investigate accidents, people who are preparing to pass exams in labor protection and their further work. Human life and health are a very important factor in the production process. the employer is obliged to create working conditions at each workplace, in each structural unit in accordance with regulations, as well as to ensure compliance with the requirements of the legislation on workers' rights in accordance with applicable regulations. However, analyzing the current regulations, we can see that in different existing documents the issue is treated differently. Instead of supplementing documents with each other, specifying requirements, creating a holistic and unambiguous picture in general, there is inaccuracy, ambiguity of understanding, complexity and sometimes inability to meet existing requirements. This situation does not improve the situation as a whole The analysis shows some discrepancies between existing regulations, some of their mutual inaccuracy, which complicates the use of these documents in practice, in the operation of certain facilities, in writing instructions on labor protection, in investigating accidents at work, especially in high-risk work, including gas-hazardous. This forces to improve, bring in line the regulatory framework to ensure the implementation of the "Law of Ukraine on Labor Protection" and create safe and harmless conditions for working and others.

Hydraulic Pipe Bending Machine

The process of pipe bending finds its importance in many industries, instruments, fluids transportation etc. The aim of this research is to design and fabricate a hydraulic jack-based pipe bending machine which has ability to bend pipes used at gas supply industry, while keeping in mind the requirements of a good pipe bending machine to provide high quality bends without defects but at the cost lesser than the existing pipe bending machines available in the marketplace. The fabricated pipe bending machine works on the principle of press bending method to perform the bending operation. The design of the proposed pipe bending machine is based on essential parameters of bending process such as radius and angle of the bend, diameter and thickness of the pipe. The single acting hydraulic jack of 16000 KG load capacity is used to apply the required pressing force to bend a circular pipe having the outer diameter ranging from ½ inch to 2 inches.

Strategies for Improving Gas Supplies for Sustainable Power Generation in Ghana

Technologies for gas conversion have attracted more serious attention, but energy efficiency, supply deficiencies, as well as other risks undermining the gas supply industry, make it difficult to achieve sustainability in gas supply in Ghana. This study explored strategies for improving supplies for sustainable power generation in Ghana. Specifically, the study investigates the risks associated with the gas supply industry and also investigates strategies for improving gas supplies in Ghana. A descriptive study that applied both qualitative and quantitative tools was applied to data collection and analysis to allow for an in-depth analysis of the findings of the research. The population was concentrated on the regulators (Energy Commission) and consumers (VRA and Sunon Asogli, and GNGC/Eni in the supply domains. In all, 357 population was targeted with a sample of 151. Probability (simple random sampling) and non-probability (purposive) sampling approaches were applied to source participants for the study. Statistical inferential tools that guided the analysis included means, standard deviation, Relative Importance Index (RII). The study identified issues of power sector debt due to the weak financial background of the gas supply sector, poor infrastructure, issues of corruption created by delays, poor transparency and weak regulatory framework as key risk factors in the gas supply industry in Ghana. The study also concluded that strategies to support the drive to achieve sustainability in the gas supply industry should involve a planned action towards providing regular and improved infrastructure in transportation and gas supply pipelines to enhance the visibility of the local gas industry and to also meet both domestic and industrial demand for gas products. Again, there should be the establishment and maintenance of functional gas-related policies and regulators, as well as an emergency supply plan to address any shocks that may tend to impact the gas supply industry in Ghana.

A Review of the Causes of Sustainable Supply Deficiencies in Natural Gas Supply in Ghana

Although Ghana produces natural gas and has several gas reserves, the country still depends on supplies from neighbouring countries for power generation due to challenges like fuel supply inefficiencies and increasing cost of gas production. Gas supply is thus a limiting factor for power generation. This study explores strategies to improve gas supplies for sustainable power generation in Ghana. The study examined the underlying factors inhibiting gas supplies in Ghana, investigated the risks in the gas supply industry, and explored strategies for improving gas supplies in Ghana. The study adopted an inductive approach that utilises both qualitative and quantitative research methods. With the use of questionnaires, data were collected from 151 respondents who were selected by purposive and snowball sampling procedures. The collected data were descriptively and inferentially analysed with analytical tools in the SPSS. The study’s findings conclude that factors that inhibit gas supply in Ghana include the lack of growth and supply investment in the gas supply industry, power sector debt on the gas market, and the lack of an extensive distribution infrastructure/network. Also, the gas industry in Ghana lacks the requisite investment drive which culminates into inefficiency and ultimately undermines efforts to achieve sustainable power generation. Politics influence in issues relating to gas supplies in Ghana inhibits long-term supply relationships and permanent infrastructure in gas supply, both locally and on the world market.

Impacts of the COVID-19 event on the NOx emissions of key polluting enterprises in China

The unprecedented cessation of human activities during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected China's industrial production and NOx emissions. Quantifying the changes in NOx emissions resulting from COVID-19 and associated governmental control measures is crucial to understanding its impacts on the environment. Here, we divided the research timeframe into three periods: the normal operation period (P1), the Spring Festival period (P2), and the epidemic period following the Spring Festival (P3). We then calculated the NOx operating vent numbers and emission concentrations of key polluting enterprises in 29 provinces and 20 industrial sectors and compared the data for the same periods in 2020 and 2019 to obtain the impacts of COVID-19 on industrial NOx emissions. We found that spatially, from P1 to P2 in 2020, the operating NOx vent numbers in North China changed the most, with a relative change rate of –33.84%. Comparing the operating vent numbers in P1 and P3, East China experienced the largest decrease, approximately –32.72%. Among all industrial sectors, the mining industry, manufacturing industry, power, heat, gas, and water production and supply industry, and the wholesale and retail industry, were the most heavily influenced. In general, the operating vent numbers of key polluting enterprises in China decreased by 24.68%, and the standardized NOx (w)5-day decreased by an average of −9.54 ± −6.00 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that COVID-19 significantly reduced the NOx emission levels of the key polluting enterprises in China.

Water-energy nexus within urban agglomeration: An assessment framework combining the multiregional input-output model, virtual water, and embodied energy

With rapid urban expansion and economic development, water shortages and high energy emissions at the regional scale pose critical challenges for urban agglomerations, resulting in quite intricate water-energy nexus. Although important, an assessment framework that can analyze interregional and intersectoral water-energy nexus among cities at the urban agglomeration scale is still lacking. Based on an environmentally extended multiregional input-output model and the concepts of virtual water and embodied energy, this study developed a new assessment framework for the water-energy nexus. By jointly considering the efficiency of input resources and the connections of interregional industrial sectors, this framework can be used to identify the key regions and sectors for water and energy saving. Using the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration as an example, the new framework revealed that electricity, gas and water supply industry in Zhangjiakou was a typical high water consumption-high energy consumption sector. Light industry and construction belong to a strong water-energy connection sector, whereas the water-saving measures only partially focus on reducing water consumption but promote energy consumption. In the future, it is imperative to improve the water-energy utilization efficiency of upstream sectors and promote the concept of green buildings with low environmental impacts. The developed framework can be further extended to capture food-energy-water nexus from regional to global scale, and can be used as an important toolbox to pinpoint the sector to realize the sustainable development goals of "clean water and sanitation" (SDG6) and "affordable and clean energy" (SDG7).

Real Earnings Management and Industry Differences: Based on Empirical Evidence From Listed Companies in China

This article examines the industry differences in the real earnings management behavior of listed companies in China. The study finds that listed companies in the health and social work industries have the highest degree of real earnings management, and the electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries has the lowest level of real earnings management, and there are obvious industry differences in real earnings management among Chinese listed companies. The empirical evidence in this paper shows that there are industry differences in the real earnings management of Chinese listed companies.

Predictive Maintenance in SCADA-Based Industries: A literature review

The purpose of this paper is to mapping and review what has been done on the topic of research on predictive maintenance in SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) based industries. In the research area of predictive maintenance, various methods for predicting damage or time to failure of a machine have been proposed and applied in various industries. This paper systematically categorizes predictive maintenance in SCADA-based industries research based on industry classifications according to ISIC (International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities). Furthermore, the research scope is explored its connection to the topics of Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). It is found that 81.5% of the research was conducted on the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply industries, 11.1% of research was conducted on the mining and quarrying industry, and 7.4% of the research conducted in the manufacturing industry. It is also found that 85.2% of studies used AI and ML, 18.5% of the studies used IoT, and 18.5% of research used AI/ML and IoT technology together.

Correlation analysis of CO2 emission in logistics and other industries of China

The paper calculates the total volume of CO2 emission of the logistics industry in China, the consumption factor and distribution factor based on the statistical yearbook and the input-output table, and analyzes the correlation between CO2 emission in the logistics industry and other industries of China. The result suggests that its total CO2 emission volume shows a linear upward trend, but its average growth rate and emission intensity are going down year by year. As the CO2 emission from the logistics industry is closely forward-correlated with that of the manufacturing, the construction industry and the logistics industry, it has a strong driving impact on the CO2 emission of the industries concerned. Meanwhile, the backward-correlation with the manufacturing and the electric power, gas and water production and supply industries, and the logistics industry makes the logistics industry the greatest consumer of CO2 emission from these industries. The development of the low CO2 emission-oriented logistics industry requires a reduction of indirect CO2 emission in the forward-correlated industries as well as the backward-correlated industries.

Research on safety information terminal of household gas

In this study, the important role of the household gas safety information terminal in the gas supply industry is introduced, and the necessity of studying the new type of the household gas safety information terminal is pointed out. Then, the function and specification of the terminal are introduced. The system design scheme of the terminal is described, including gas, photoelectric reading conversion device, valve, wireless communication module, pressure detection unit, gas leak detection unit, and control unit; the characteristics, functions, and performance indexes of each part of the system are described in detail. Finally, the practical application effect of the terminal is given.

한국 및 일본 가스열공급업의 국민경제적 역할 비교 분석

한국 및 일본 가스열공급업의 국민경제적 역할 비교 분석

Approaches to data-driven exploration in Queensland

Queensland has a very significant petroleum resource endowment within 27 hydrocarbon basins spread across the state. Three of those basins already host Australia’s largest onshore gas supply industry, leaving significant opportunity to develop additional gas resources. To optimise the development of new resources, the Geological Survey of Queensland (GSQ) is implementing an integrated approach to exploration and appraisal called ‘data driven exploration’. Working in collaboration with industry, the research sector and relevant government agencies, GSQ is promoting data-driven exploration in four ways: by (1) optimising the type and quality of geoscience data collected and reported by industry; (2) improving data curation practices in government data repositories; (3) creating value-added opportunities for the use of geoscience data; and (4) improving industry capability and capacity through skills enhancement, collaborative mechanisms, and access to an expert capability network. The overarching objective of ‘data-driven exploration’ is to enable industry exploration and appraisal success by making best use of geoscience data coupled with supporting mechanisms to improve competency and capability to derive, interpret and employ geoscience information. The expression of success will vary depending on individual circumstances, but is intended to encompass a range of outcomes including improvements in the rate, cost and efficiency of discovery and appraisal.