Gas Monitoring System Research Articles

Gas, Temperature, and Humidity Sensors-Based Onion Quality Monitoring System

Gas, Temperature, and Humidity Sensors-Based Onion Quality Monitoring System

Sewage Gas Monitoring and Alert System

Sewage Gas Monitoring and Alert System

Development and prototyping of a concentrated ethanol gas monitoring system based on the MQ-3 sensor using the KAVi machine calibrator for environmental safety

This research outlines the development of a device for measuring concentrated ethanol gas concentrations using the MQ-3 sensor. The device is engineered utilizing an Arduino Uno microcontroller and an LCD as the output interface. The MQ-3 sensor has demonstrated optimal sensitivity and a linear response to ethanol gas. The range of ethanol gas concentrations tested, from 10% to 70%, was selected to match the capabilities of the KAVi machine in generating ethanol gas. The testing process of the sensor was conducted to generate data that were subsequently calibrated to ensure measurement accuracy. Validation results indicate that the MQ-3 sensor can measure ethanol gas concentrations with high accuracy and good linearity within this range. However, discrepancies between the sensor measurements and the calibrator values were observed and need attention. The development of this device provides improvements in the accuracy and linearity of the MQ-3 sensor compared to previous studies. It is important to note that the KAVi machine has limitations in producing ethanol gas concentrations above 70%, which should be considered in the practical applications of this device. Overall, this device shows great potential in applications for monitoring ethanol gas concentrations, with a note to consider the limitations of the ethanol gas production process from the KAVi machine for more optimal results.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CARBON-FREE ECONOMY PRINCIPLES IN UKRAINE

This study explores the role of digitalization in implementing carbon-free economy principles in Ukraine, with a particular focus on how digital technologies contribute to enhancing energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions. Digitalization serves as a critical enabler of sustainable development by providing tools for optimizing energy consumption, improving resource management, and minimizing the environmental footprint of economic activities. Through correlation and regression analyses, the research investigates the relationship between investments in digital technologies, environmental protection measures, and CO2 emissions for the period from 2007 to 2020. The results reveal that while digitalization has the potential to improve energy efficiency, its current impact on reducing CO2 emissions remains limited. The findings indicate that increased investments in renewable energy sources and more comprehensive integration of digital technologies into the energy sector are essential to achieve significant reductions in emissions. Additionally, the study highlights the positive effect of innovation-driven activities on energy efficiency but points to the need for further development and deployment of environmentally friendly digital solutions. The research also underscores the importance of continued financial support for green technologies and emphasizes the necessity of improving greenhouse gas monitoring systems. Practical recommendations include increasing investment in renewable energy, expanding the use of smart technologies across industries, and promoting long-term innovation strategies aimed at achieving carbon neutrality. Overall, the research concludes that digital innovation plays a supporting role in achieving energy efficiency but requires stronger policy frameworks, investment, and coordination to realize its full potential in contributing to environmental sustainability.

Development of a Controlled Humidity Differential Electrochemical Gas Monitoring System

Lithium-air batteries (LABs) represent a promising future battery technology due to their high energy density, although several challenges hinder them from achieving their theoretical performance. These challenges include clogging of the porous air cathode by insoluble discharge products and high overpotentials during cycling [1, 2]. A recent proposal to address these issues involves the reversible formation and oxidation of LiOH in nonaqueous LABs. Of course, LiOH-based LABs require a proton source to form LiOH from the electrochemical reaction of oxygen and lithium ions [3]; humidity in air is an obvious choice for the proton source, making the relative humidity of LAB feed gas an important parameter to control and monitor during LAB electrochemical analysis.For LABs, galvanostatic charge/discharge coupled with quantitative gas evolution/consumption measurement is essential to understand the electrochemical processes during battery operation. Here, we report an advanced operando pressure measurement system that allows the control and monitoring of humidity in the cell headspace while also tracing overall gas consumption and evolution. Our gas handling system generates humid air using a water-containing chamber with a temperature control vessel to generate water vapor. A mass flow controller mixes dry air with humid air to generate specific relative humidity and send it to the cell. Using various low-volume in-line sensors, our system can track headspace humidity, temperature, and pressure within a custom-modified Swagelok-type cell. The total headspace volume must be small (~mL) since gas consumption occurs on a μmol scale in our lab-scale cells. To minimize headspace and dead volume within the Swagelok-type cell, a digital humidity and temperature sensor with exceptional accuracy was integrated into a customized printed circuit board (PCB). This PCB is attached to the small dead-volume Tee connection. To control the humidity inside the cell and achieve sensor data simultaneously, all sensors in the monitoring system are controlled by a LabVIEW program (National Instruments). To show the utility of this new system, we will present analyses of nonaqueous and solid-state LAB cells that operate at various humidities and current rates, while employing various known 2 e- and 4 e- oxygen reduction catalysts.

Smart LPG Leakage Monitoring and Control System Using Gas Sensor (MQ-X), AWS IoT, and ESP Module

Purpose: Nowadays, LPG is used in almost every kitchen for cooking. It has lots of advantages over other cooking fuels. We need to maintain compliance when we cook using it. The gas flows through a couple of equipment like a regulator, pipe, knob, and burner. If equipment got damaged or the regulator was kept on after cooking, it emitted the gas. This event is dangerous and destructive. So, once it is emitted, it should be detected immediately, and emissions should be stopped. There are several sensors available to detect the gas. We demonstrate using this sensor to build an intelligent gas monitoring system here. When the gas is detected, we regulate the valve and stop the gas emission using the control mechanism. Design/Methodology: There are two approaches to designing the LPG detector for the researcher. One approach is to create from scratch, using the raw sensor, creating the schematics, and then building the PCB. After that, the components are assembled and tested in a natural environment. Finally, it would be best if we pack within a suitable enclosure. It takes time to make a testable product. The other approach is for rapid prototyping. Here, we followed the fast procedure. To minimize the hardware overhead, we purchased one complete gas detector system, which is available in the market, and then we added our intelligence to it. Findings/Result: We tested the prototype in a natural environment. The result was found as expected and very promising. We inject the LPG into the sensor. After a couple of seconds, the built-in relay got energized. The ESP module sends the message to the predefined mobile number. Originality/Value: Several projects have already been done to detect LPG leakage. Most of the project monitors gas; it produces an alarm if leakage happens. But here we added a couple of facilities. One is when gas leakage is detected instantly; it triggers the close of the regulator valve. The second one is the incident time, which will be uploaded to the cloud, not local device memory. It will help for audit purposes. Once a leak is detected, we can send the message to the What’s App. These features provide value to the user. Type of Paper: Experimental-based Research.

Layer-Dependent Sensing Performance of WS2-Based Gas Sensors.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as tungsten disulfide (WS2), have attracted considerable attention for their potential in gas sensing applications, primarily due to their distinctive electrical properties and layer-dependent characteristics. This research explores the impact of the number of WS2 layers on the ability to detect gases by examining the layer-dependent sensing performance of WS2-based gas sensors. We fabricated gas sensors based on WS2 in both monolayer and multilayer configurations and methodically evaluated their response to various gases, including NO2, CO, NH3, and CH4 at room temperature and 50 degrees Celsius. In contrast to the monolayer counterpart, the multilayer WS2 sensor exhibits enhanced gas sensing performance at higher temperatures. Furthermore, a comprehensive gas monitoring system was constructed employing these WS2-based sensors, integrated with additional electronic components. To facilitate user access to data and receive alerts, sensor data were transmitted to a cloud-based platform for processing and storage. This investigation not only advances our understanding of 2D WS2-based gas sensors but also underscores the importance of layer engineering in tailoring their sensing capabilities for diverse applications. Additionally, the development of a gas monitoring system employing 2D WS2 within this study holds significant promise for future implementation in intelligent, efficient, and cost-effective sensor technologies.

Mechanical Improvement of Gas Monitoring System in Monoplace Hyperbaric Chamber to Advance the Safety and Efficacy.

A Monoplace hyperbaric chamber delivers oxygen to the patient's tissues through breathing. Gas monitoring inside the chamber is important because oxygen (O2) is consumed, and carbon dioxide (CO2) is increased because treatment is performed in a closed volume. This study aimed to advance the safety and efficacy of the monoplace hyperbaric chamber (MHC) through mechanical improvement in a gas monitoring system (GMS). First, as the oxygen supply method was changed to the direction of the patient's face, it was compared the values of O2, CO2, humidity, and temperature were measured in the MHC and the GMS when operating at 2.0 atmosphere absolute (ATA) and 3.0 ATA. Second, to evaluate the effects of variables across measuring time, it was analyzed in a 3-way repeated measure ANOVA (10 min.×20 min.×30 min.). Lastly, the values before and after the optimization of the MHC were compared by applying a cooler to prevent temperature rise inside the MHC. In 2.0 ATA, the average humidity was higher in the MHC than in the GMS (p<0.001). Also, the average temperature was lower in the MHC than in the GMS (p<0.001). In 3.0 ATA, the average CO2 and humidity were higher in the MHC than in the GMS, respectively (p<0.001, p=0.004). The 3-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference in most main and interacted factors (p<0.05). O2 and temperature, comparing before and after MHC optimization, revealed a significant difference (p<0.05). Few studies have verified safety and effectiveness by evaluating the pressure, oxygen concentration, etc. of a monoplace hyperbaric chamber. Further research is expected to verify the effectiveness of providing comfort to patients receiving hyperbaric oxygen treatment and increase the treatment effect.

Design And Development of a Compact Carbon Gas Emission Monitoring Device for Private Vehicles

Poor air quality is a major concern in urban areas, with a large percentage of the population exposed to high levels of pollutants. Using sensor and monitoring technology, devices can automatically and periodically monitor indoor air quality. Containment measures should be taken when dangerous airborne chemicals are detected. Air pollution, both indoors and outdoors, causes health problems. The Philippines faces challenges in air quality reporting due to the high cost of monitoring equipment. A project is underway to collect real-time data using sensors and an Arduino Uno-based monitoring system. The power management design's PCB layouts were completed using two software applications: Eagle CAD for the nano power boost charger circuit and Ultiboard for the boost converter circuit. The layout design adhered to the IPC2221A standards, ensuring accurate component footprints and copper trace width, which were determined based on the current flow through the trace in the PCB design. The circuit boards were carefully sized to be smaller than 4“x4” to enable smooth integration into an air quality monitoring device. The integrated design functioned as a wireless sensing application, effectively monitoring air quality. The carbon gas monitoring system had the capability to detect and collect various gases, including Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Monoxide, Carbon Monoxide, and Dust Density. Additionally, it was equipped to measure temperature and humidity. Achieving this required using the Arduino Uno application for programming and incorporating an additional sensor, resulting in a cost-effective design solution. The prototype successfully integrated air quality sensors, microcontrollers, and communication modules. The system's performance was evaluated against existing testing centers, and the results were presented.

Design of an automated cyanide gas detection and control system for a gold mine

Cyanidation is an essential process that uses sodium cyanide in gold production. The use of sodium cyanide poses the risk of cyanide gas (HCN gas) poisoning, which has been a challenge in gold mines for many years. A gap exists in the literature regarding systems that simultaneously detect and control dangerous levels of HCN gas. Significant literature sources report HCN gas monitoring systems that detect and record gas concentration levels in the air at different intervals. Furthermore, most reported treatment methods focus on controlling free cyanide in processing effluent, not the HCN gas. Therefore, this paper presents the design of an automated, real-time HCN gas detection and control system for a gold mine using the Internet of Things (IoT). The designed system can detect any rise above the OSHA legal airborne HCN gas permissible exposure limit (PEL) of ten parts per million. In case of detection, the sensor sends a signal to the microcontroller, which triggers a warning alarm to alert workers to evacuate the area. Simultaneously, a signal is sent to the solenoid valve to close the cyanide tank supply. The DC fan immediately provides an air supply that neutralizes the toxic levels of HCN gas.

Research on Coal Mine Gas Monitoring System

Research on Coal Mine Gas Monitoring System

Water-durability and high-performance all-fiber humidity sensor using methyldiethanolamine-photopolymer-PDMS structure

In the context of optical fiber humidity sensing, the long-term stability of sensors in high humidity and dew environments such as bathrooms or marine climates remains a challenge, especially since many humidity sensitive materials are water soluble. In this study, we use methyldiethanolamine, pentaerythritol triacrylate and Eosin Y to form a liquid-solid structure humidity sensitive component, the outermost layer is coated with PDMS passivating layer to ensure the stability and durability of the humidity sensor under the conditions of dew and high humidity. The liquid microcavity of the sensor consists of methyldiethanolamine-pentaerythritol triacrylate composite solution, and the sensitivity is several times higher than that of the liquid-free cavity sensor. The sensitivity of the sensor to temperature is verified (0.43 nm/°C and 0.30 nm/°C, respectively) and temperature crosstalk is compensated using a matrix. The compact structure allows for ultra-fast response (602 ms) and recovery time (349 ms). Our work provides a promising platform for efficient and practical humidity and other gas monitoring systems.

Thermal Power Plant Pollution Monitoring and Control using Internet of Things

In our day-to-day life, environmental degradation and global warming are essential factors to consider. These problems were caused due to the contamination of water, air, and soil with the waste generated by industries. The pollutants level generated by the industries to be measured and controlled by central and state pollution control board. The air pollutants are the major cause for the deterioration. The existing pollutant monitoring system are complicated, inaccurate, unreliable, delayed intimation and less efficient. Hence in mettur thermal power plant, the internet of things-based pollutant gas monitoring system has been implemented. This system consists of numerous gas sensors, Arduino UNO controller, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, ubidots server and alarm. The pollutants measured are carbon monoxide (CO), suspended particulate matters (SPM), sulphur oxides (Sox), nitrogen oxides (Nox) in air. When the pollutants level of industry is crossed the limit, the pollution control board has been intimated the exact location of the industry through internet. The pollution control board can automatically send alert SMS and email to the respective industry. This system is suitable for the recent technology industrial internet of things. The electrostatic precipitator has been installed for pollutant control. It is proved that the proposed system is a very good replacement for the conventional monitoring system done by the human. It is acted as user friendly interface for the operation of the system and is reliable. The system has attained improved pollutant control, increased stability, and consistency of the power plant and finally the safety of the employees working in the power plants and mine areas.

Wireless Sensor Network Based Gas Monitoring System Utilizing ZigBee Technology

This paper presents a ZigBee-based wireless network gas monitoring system, utilizing ZigBee technology to enable reliable and low-cost communication. The system leverages small sensor nodes and ZigBee protocols to collect data on physical phenomena, particularly gas levels, in various environments. The network's low-power consumption and extended range capabilities allow for effective gas sensing within a radius of up to 300 meters. While interoperability with devices from different manufacturers remains a limitation, the system showcases the versatility of ZigBee technology in diverse fields. The study evaluates the system's performance through simulation and experimentation, addresses potential challenges, and proposes future developments to enhance ZigBee-based wireless network gas monitoring systems, offering improved remote monitoring and manipulation capabilities. Furthermore, our research contributes to the advancement of wireless sensor network technology by demonstrating the practicality of ZigBee in gas monitoring. The findings from our experiments and simulations provide valuable insights into the optimization of such systems, which can have far-reaching impacts on environmental monitoring, safety, and industrial processes. In addition, our proposed enhancements pave the way for more reliable and efficient remote monitoring and control, offering substantial benefits for various industries, including environmental management, industrial automation, and beyond.

Research on Dynamic Monitoring System of DengSi Gas Reservoir in Moxi Block of Anyue Gas Field

The Dengsi gas reservoir in the Moxi block of the Anyue super large gas field in the Sichuan Basin is a high-temperature and atmospheric pressure large-scale lithologic stratigraphic composite enclosed gas reservoir. The storage space is mainly composed of small and medium-sized karst caves and various types of dissolution pores. The overall performance of the reservoir is low porosity, low permeability, and strong heterogeneity. The fourth gas reservoir in the Moxi platform edge zone is currently in the early stage of stable production, and there are problems such as interference between some well groups, poor reservoir seepage characteristics of some gas wells, blockage of some gas wells, water invasion, etc., which result in limited production. The dynamic reserves of the stacked gas wells with well control radii have significant differences in calculation results at different periods, and the dynamic temperature and pressure monitoring system for gas well production is incomplete, There is an urgent need to establish a unified production dynamic monitoring system suitable for the four gas reservoirs along the Moxi platform edge.

An FSV analysis approach to verify the robustness of the triple-correlation analysis theoretical framework

Among all the gas disasters, gas concentration exceeding the threshold limit value (TLV) has been the leading cause of accidents. However, most systems still focus on exploring the methods and framework for avoiding reaching or exceeding TLV of the gas concentration from viewpoints of impacts on geological conditions and coal mining working-face elements. The previous study developed a Trip-Correlation Analysis Theoretical Framework and found strong correlations between gas and gas, gas and temperature, and gas and wind in the gas monitoring system. However, this framework's effectiveness must be examined to determine whether it might be adopted in other coal mine cases. This research aims to explore a proposed verification analysis approach—First-round—Second-round—Verification round (FSV) analysis approach to verify the robustness of the Trip-Correlation Analysis Theoretical Framework for developing a gas warning system. A mixed qualitative and quantitative research methodology is adopted, including a case study and correlational research. The results verify the robustness of the Triple-Correlation Analysis Theoretical Framework. The outcomes imply that this framework is potentially valuable for developing other warning systems. The proposed FSV approach can also be used to explore data patterns insightfully and offer new perspectives to develop warning systems for different industry applications.

Concentration map reconstruction for gas source location using nano quadcopters: Metal oxide semiconductor sensor implementation and indoor experiments validation

In this paper, we present a mobile gas monitoring system based on Nano-drones to map indoors gas distributions and to locate the gas source. The system combines a gas sensing unit of reduced size, weight, and consumption with a commercial Nano-drone. The sensing unit is outfitted with a metal oxide gas sensor for the detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). Several experiments were conducted in this study. A first set of experiments were devoted to characterizing the effect of the rotors on the sensor signals, commonly known as downwash. The experiments were designed to determine the speed and response intensity of the gas sensor placing the gas source at different heights above and below the drone. We repeated the experiments with the drone’s rotors turned on and turned off to compare the results. A more comprehensive set of experiments was conducted to test the monitoring system in gas distribution maps generation and source localization problems. Several scenarios were designed and tested with different drone trajectories, drone speeds, including one or two drones. Our results support the ideas that a good coverage of the area of interest combined with a moderate drone speed improves the accuracy of the gas concentration map as well as the accuracy of the estimation of the source location.

Double loops power management circuit of pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator with enhanced efficiency at low operating voltage and its application in self-powered flue gas monitoring system

The power management circuits (PMCs) of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) play a key role in developing self-powered sensing system with high energy storage efficiency. However, when the operating voltage (Vop) of PMCs meets the voltage requirement of electronic equipment (generally around 5 V), PMCs have a reduced efficiency less than 36%. Here, based on analyzing the factors affecting the efficiency of PMCs, the general methods have been proposed to improve the efficiency at a lower Vop. It is found that energy loss of diodes in PMCs is the main part in total energy loss, reaching a ratio of 61.7% at a 5 V Vop. By using rectifier diodes with lower threshold voltage and developing double loops power management circuit (DL-PMC) with less operating diodes number, the energy loss of diodes is reduced from 38.6 to 17.0 μJ, and its ratio in total energy loss at a 5 V Vop is reduced to 47.1%. Moreover, it is found that in PMCs with varied open-circuit voltage (Voc) of TENG, the increasing trend of diodes energy loss (∝Voc) is slower than that of TENG’s output energy (∝Voc2), resulting in a reduced energy loss ratio from 62.7% to 26.1% as Voc increasing from 200 to 1000 V. Finally, the measured optimal energy storage efficiency of 48.9% at 5 V Vop, the record reported so far, has been reached as using a DL-PMC with rectifier diodes and Pulsed-TENG with a Voc of 1000 V. A self-powered flue gas monitoring system consisting of Pulsed-TENG, DL-PMC, and gas sensor is developed for detecting operating status of boiler, which can transmit data every 2.5 min and will have broad applications in industry. The proposed general methods are suitable for other PMCs and will promote the development of self-powered sensing systems.

A Self‐Powered, Rechargeable, and Wearable Hydrogel Patch for Wireless Gas Detection with Extraordinary Performance

AbstractFlexible gas sensors play an indispensable role in diverse applications spanning from environmental monitoring to portable medical electronics. Full wearable gas monitoring system requires the collaborative support of high‐performance sensors and miniaturized circuit module, whereas the realization of low power consumption and sustainable measurement is challenging. Here, a self‐powered and reusable all‐in‐one NO2 sensor is proposed by structurally and functionally coupling the sensor to the battery, with ultrahigh sensitivity (1.92%/ppb), linearity (R2 = 0.999), ultralow theoretical detection limit (0.1 ppb), and humidity immunity. This can be attributed to the regulation of the gas reaction route at the molecular level. The addition of amphiphilic zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(OTf)2) enables the H2O‐poor inner Helmholtz layer to be constructed at the electrode–gel interface, thereby facilitating the direct charge transfer process of NO2 here. The device is then combined with a well‐designed miniaturized low‐power circuit module with signal conditioning, processing and wireless transmission functions, which can be used as wearable electronics to realize early and remote warning of gas leakage. This study demonstrates a promising way to design a self‐powered, sustainable, and flexible gas sensor with high performance and its corresponding wireless sensing system, providing new insight into the all‐in‐one system of gas detection.

Helmet-Mounted Real-Time Toxic Gas Monitoring and Prevention System for Workers in Confined Places.

Occupational health and safety hazards associated with confined places are mainly caused by exposure to toxic gases and oxygen deficiency. Lack of awareness, inappropriate monitoring, and improper evacuation methods can lead to worker fatalities. Although previous studies have attempted to develop systems to solve this issue, limited research is available on their application in confined places. In this study, a real-time helmet-mounted system was developed to monitor major toxic gases (methane (CH4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and carbon monoxide (CO)), oxygen, temperature, and humidity. Workers outside and inside confined spaces receive alerts every second to immediately initiate the rescue operation in the event of a hazard. The test results of a confined environment (wastewater treatment unit) highlighted that concentrations of CH4 and H2S were predominant (13 ppm). Compared to normal atmosphere, CH4 concentration was 122- and 130-fold higher in the landfill and digestion tanks, respectively, while H2S was 36- and 19-fold higher in the primary and secondary clarifiers, respectively. The oxygen content (18.2%) and humidity (33%) were below the minimum required limits. This study will benefit future research to target appropriate toxic gas monitoring and alert workers by studying the existing issues and associated factors in confined places.