Gas Leak Detection Research Articles

Sub-ppm NDIR [formula omitted] gas sensor using ICEEMDAN-SG joint denoising algorithm

Due to the excellent insulation and arc extinguishing properties of SF6 gas, it is widely used in power equipment such as gas insulated switchgear or gas circuit breaker. Therefore, detection of SF6 gas leakage with high sensitivity is necessary. Non dispersive infrared (NDIR) technology have advantages such as miniaturization, low power consumption, simple structure, low cost, and non-destructive testing, making it suitable for building large-scale sensor networks. However, NDIR sensors are susceptible to noise coming from the emitter, the detector and the circuits, which receives little research attention. In this study, we propose a new denoising method by combining improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) with Savitzky-Golay (S-G) to the noise suppression, which achieves a 7 dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement over the traditional wavelet threshold denoising, making the detection limit of the sensing system reach the level below 1 ppm.

Automated Gas Line Shut Off Mechanism Using Solenoid Operated Valve and Gas Leak Detector (At the Event of Gas Leakage in PNG Line)

Gas leaks that cause deadly flames have become a major issue in homes and other places where domestic gas is handled and utilized. Gas leaks cause a variety of mishaps that result in financial damage as well as personal injuries and/or loss. The project’s goal is to create a system that detects gas leaks and notifies the subscriber through alarm and status display, as well as shutting off the gas supply valve as the main safety precaution. The turning off of the supply valve prevents further gas flow to the cooker, preventing a fire breakout caused by an attempt to ignite the cooker. The device, which functions more like a first- aid kit, utilizes a usually closed solenoid valve to shut off the gas valve before asking for assistance via visual display and loud alert to anyone in the vicinity. The system is clever in that it does not cause a loud nuisance by constantly sounding the alarm, but rather the siren stops beeping once the concentration of the gas in the atmosphere after leaking falls below the predetermined value and the valve is opened again for regular operations. This effort will reduce injuries and losses caused by explosions caused by gas leaks, as well as enhance the safety of people and property while utilizing home cooking gas.

Natural Gas Induced Vegetation Stress Identification and Discrimination from Hyperspectral Imaging for Pipeline Leakage Detection

Remote sensing detection of natural gas leaks remains challenging when using ground vegetation stress to detect underground pipeline leaks. Other natural stressors may co-present and complicate gas leak detection. This study explores the feasibility of identifying and distinguishing gas-induced stress from other natural stresses by analyzing the hyperspectral reflectance of vegetation. The effectiveness of this discrimination is assessed across three distinct spectral ranges (VNIR, SWIR, and Full spectra). Greenhouse experiments subjected three plant species to controlled environmental stressors, including gas leakage, salinity impact, heavy-metal contamination, and drought exposure. Spectral curves obtained from the experiments underwent preprocessing techniques such as standard normal variate, first-order derivative, and second-order derivative. Principal component analysis was then employed to reduce dimensionality in the spectral feature space, facilitating input for linear/quadratic discriminant analysis (LDA/QDA) to identify and discriminate gas leaks. Results demonstrate an average accuracy of 80% in identifying gas-stressed plants from unstressed ones using LDA. Gas leakage can be discriminated from scenarios involving a single distracting stressor with an accuracy ranging from 76.4% to 84.6%, with drought treatment proving the most successful. Notably, first-order derivative processing of VNIR spectra yields the highest accuracy in gas leakage detection.

GIS-BASED REAL-TIME GAS LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM AT BASKENT NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION COMPANY

Abstract. Natural gas has been used for heating and production purposes in Turkey since 1987, and every passing year, the natural gas pipeline network continues to expand with investments. The distribution of natural gas within urban areas is achieved through a complex network structure formed by the joining of Polyethylene (PE) and Steel (ST) pipes using various connection elements. This complex structure is susceptible to deformation over time due to various reasons such as corrosion in steel lines, manufacturing errors in connection elements in PE lines, and other factors. As a result, natural gas leaks occasionally occur in these pipelines. The leakage control process in natural gas pipelines is carried out using specially designed equipment and vehicles equipped for this purpose. However, while these systems may be sufficient for collecting the necessary data for leak detection, the complex structure of the distribution network and the necessary data for leak detection, the complex structure of the distribution network and the necessity of performing this process with multiple teams bring about many challenges in terms of tracking, management, and reliability of the operation. At this point, the advancement of GIS (Geographic Information System), mobile, and communication technologies has made it possible to overcome these challenges. In this study, a real-time GIS-supported leak detection system developed using these technologies for Başkent Natural Gas Distrubition Inc. (Başkentgaz), which provides natural gas distribution services in Ankara, has been described. The study discusses the benefits brought by this system to the natural gas leak detection process.

Leak detection systems in oil and gas fields

The article is devoted to a review of methodological approaches to the localization and detection of liquid and gas leaks when using pipelines in oil and gas fields. The relevance of the issue is explained by the fact that a significant number of incidents that negatively affect the activities of oil and gas companies occur in connection with the leakage of resources in oil and gas fields. The purpose of the study is to present the state of the art of modern acoustic and infrared methods used to detect liquid and gas leaks in oil and gas fields. The author used various classifications to analyze the characteristics of the methods, allowing them to be divided into active and passive; acoustic, optical, electrical, and chemical systems methods; permanently installed and mobile liquid and gas leak detection systems. Among the considered methods for detecting liquid and gas leaks in oil and gas fields, acoustic and infrared methods are the most effective; they can be quite easily integrated into an existing liquid and gas leak detection system. Infrared and acoustic methods can also be used on pipelines, with the latter being used more often than infrared methods due to the fact that they cover very long pipelines using pinpoint liquid and gas leak detectors in oil and gas fields. More advanced concepts for leak detection systems in oil and gas fields involve a combination of several methods, for example, the study reflected the specificity of combining a magnetic and ultrasonic sensor for detecting liquid and gas leaks in oil and gas fields. Although innovative concepts continue to be developed, some oil and gas enterprises still employ methods based on manual human labor which includes examining and sampling the contents of pipelines. In conclusion, it was noted that at the present stage the practical application of several methods simultaneously in the system for detecting liquid and gas leaks in oil and gas fields is required, since each of them individually has significant disadvantages for oil and gas enterprises, which can be offset by an appropriate combination of existing methods.

Cold-Resistance Characteristics and Adequacy of Low-Temperature Test Standards of Carbon Monoxide Alarms

In this study, we considered domestic and international standards to experimentally evaluate and analyze the cold-resistance characteristics of carbon monoxide alarms and assess the suitability of low-temperature test standards. The analyzed standards include the technical standards for type approval and product inspection of gas leak detectors, specifically KS C 6596, Britain's BS EN 50291-1, and Japan's JIA E 001-07. We found that the technical standards specify a temperature of –20 °C for 1 h; those for KS C 6596 are –10 °C for 2 h; those for Britain’s BS EN 50291-1 are –10 °C for 6 h; and those for Japan’s JIA E 001-07 follow suit. We inferred that the low-temperature test of the technical standards for type approval and product inspection of gas leak detectors required the highest cold resistance. Furthermore, we experimented on samples from two domestic manufacturers, employing the low-temperature test standards deduced from the standard analysis to examine their characteristics. All test samples operated normally when subjected to a temperature of –20 °C for 1 to 4 h, and similarly maintained normal operation at –10 °C for 6 and 24 h. These findings indicate that the carbon monoxide alarms certified in Korea have a high cold resistance. Additionally, this study entailed a review of the low-temperature test standards for carbon monoxide alarms by analyzing the temperature conditions of apartment verandas, where these alarms are predominantly installed. Based on the results, the cold resistance tended to be high using the low-temperature test standards for carbon monoxide alarms. The findings of this research can serve as a valuable reference for future revisions of low-temperature test standards.

Acoustic Imaging Method for Gas Leak Detection and Localization Using Virtual Ultrasonic Sensor Array.

An acoustic imaging method for detecting and locating gas leaks based on a virtual ultrasonic sensor array is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A scanning sensor array of only two sensors is used to collect the acoustic signals generated by the leakage hole. The matrix of the leakage signal is processed by the cross-power spectrum method to achieve time consistency, afterward, the location of the leakage source can be calculated by the virtual beamforming method. The influence of the number of sensors and the distance between adjacent sensors on the effect of the proposed method are compared and discussed. To verify the effectiveness and operability of the detection and localization method, several experiments were carried out. Furthermore, a series of experiments were conducted to assess the accuracy and stability of this method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method based on a virtual sensor array can achieve highly accurate localization of gas leaks and performs well regarding stability.

Ambient Monitoring Portable Sensor Node for Robot-Based Applications.

The leakage of gases and chemical vapors is a common accident in laboratory processes that requires a rapid response to avoid harmful effects if humans and instruments are exposed to this leakage. In this paper, the performance of a portable sensor node designed for integration with mobile and stationary robots used to transport chemical samples in automated laboratories was tested and evaluated. The sensor node has four main layers for executing several functions, such as power management, control and data preprocessing, sensing gases and environmental parameters, and communication and data transmission. The responses of three metal oxide semiconductor sensors, BME680, ENS160, and SGP41, integrated into the sensing layer have been recorded for various volumes of selected chemicals and volatile organic compounds, including ammonia, pentane, tetrahydrofuran, butanol, phenol, xylene, benzene, ethanol, methanol, acetone, toluene, and isopropanol. For mobile applications, the sensor node was attached to a sample holder on a mobile robot (ASTI ProBOT L). In addition, the sensor nodes were positioned close to automation systems, including stationary robots. The experimental results revealed that the tested sensors have a different response to the tested volumes and can be used efficiently for hazardous gas leakage detection and monitoring.

Utilization of Machine Learning Techniques in Hot‐Film Based Airflow Rate Sensors for Improving Flow Measurement

This article presents a novel airflow rate sensing method based on the principle of a hot‐film flow sensing device with data‐driven machine learning (ML) models. In addition, to combine the two signals of the sensor (the resistance changes of the heaters) and predict the output (airflow rate), three different ML multivariate regression models, i.e., multiple linear regression (MLR), k‐nearest neighbor (KNN), and deep neural network (DNN) models, are trained and compared using 8400 experimentally obtained data. Using sensor fusion techniques, the average mean absolute error (MAE) and mean squared error (MSE) of the KNN model are determined to be 0.01522 and 0.00132, respectively, in the range of 0–5.07 standard liters per minute. Compared with the average results obtained using only a single input, those obtained using a dual input indicate a significant decrease in the MAE and MSE by 85.69% and 96.68%, respectively. Furthermore, a transient analysis of the ML‐based flow sensor is conducted to investigate the response time and transient characteristics of the MLR, KNN, and DNN models. The results of this study contribute to the advancement of airflow management systems for various industrial applications, such as building ventilation, gas leakage detection, and energy systems.

Monitoring SF6 Gas Leakage Based on a Customized Binocular System

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas is extensively utilized as an insulating and arc-quenching medium in the circuit breakers and isolating switches of electrical equipment. It effectively isolates the circuits from the atmosphere and promptly extinguishes arcs. Therefore, the issue of SF6 gas leakage poses a significant threat to the related application fields, and the detection of SF6 gas leakage becomes extremely important. Infrared imaging detection offers advantages including non-contact, high precision, and visualization. However, most existing infrared detection systems are equipped with only one filter to detect SF6 gas. The images captured contain background noise and system noise, making these systems vulnerable to interference from such noises. To address these issues, we propose a method for monitoring SF6 gas leakage based on a customized binocular imaging (CBI) system. The CBI system has two filters, greatly reducing the interference of system noise and background noise. The first filter features the absorption resonant peak of SF6 gas. The second filter is used to record background noise and system noise. One aspect to note is that, in order to avoid the interference of other gases, the central wavelength of this second filter should keep away from the absorption resonant peaks of those gases. Accordingly, the central wavelengths of our customized filters were determined as 10,630 nm and 8370 nm, respectively. Then, two cameras of the same type were separately assembled with a customized filter, and the CBI prototype was accomplished. Finally, we utilized the difference method using two infrared images captured by the CBI system, to monitor the SF6 gas leakage. The results demonstrate that our developed system achieves a high accuracy of over 99.8% in detecting SF6 gas. Furthermore, the CBI system supports a plug-and-play customization to detect various gases for different scenarios.

PERANCANGAN PROTOTIPE DAPUR PINTAR BERBASIS IOT MENGGUNAKAN NODEMCU ESP8266 DAN APLIKASI BLYNK

Industrial revolution 4.0 allows the integration of digital technology with human life through the Internet of Things. One form of IoT application is in kitchen devices. In this case, kitchen safety is the main concern. In this research, an IoT device was developed that can detect gas leaks in the kitchen. The success of previous studies using gas sensors Arduino Uno and MQ2, MQ3 and MQ5 proved to be able to detect gas leaks, but there are still some deficiencies in these devices such as not being connected to mobile devices and efforts to reduce gas levels. Therefore this study adds a feature to monitor room temperature and humidity using the DHT11 sensor, as well as a remote connection feature via a smartphone. In addition, an automatic fan feature is also added to suck up excess gas levels. So that this research is expected to facilitate the process of monitoring the kitchen and reduce the risk of gas leaks which are harmful to health and safety.

Design of Arduino-based LPG Gas Leak Detection Tool using MQ-6 Sensor

LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is a natural resource that has increased yearly consumption. LPG gas is used almost every time for human life in the household and industry sectors. LPG gas, besides being cheap, is also easier to use. However, the increasing use of LPG gas also increases the risk of fire or gas collection caused by LPG gas leaks. Therefore, a tool is needed to detect LPG gas leaks. So an LPG gas leak detector was made using the MQ-6 sensor, which can detect LPG gas leaks, and using a blower fan to overcome the collection of gas levels around LPG gas cylinders, using a buzzer as an alarm, using a servo to turn off the electricity so that an explosion does not occur, and use spray foam to spray onto the tube and stove if the blower cannot handle the LPG gas leak. Overall, the design components are controlled by Arduino Uno R3. This testing process takes an average of 9.56 seconds. If it is less than 9.56 seconds, then only one action is enough: the blower fan, active buzzer, and pump 1. If it is more than 9.56 seconds, the second action will be continued: spraying foam and turning off the electricity. On the other hand, there is an opportunity to bring this tool to commercial. Many households need this tool to save their house from fire threats. Finally, this tool can be a development tool for solving an incident from gas and will be a best-selling tool.

TSFF-Net: A novel lightweight network for video real-time detection of SF6 gas leaks

Detecting Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas leaks using infrared video images is the latest technology. However, the current algorithm for autonomous real-time detection is imprecise and incapable of performing the real-time monitoring task effectively. In response to the aforementioned issues, we present a temporal–spatial feature fusion network (TSFF-Net) specifically designed for video real-time detection of SF6 gas leaks. Compared with the existing SF6 gas leak detection model based on deep learning, the biggest feature of TSFF-Net is the introduction of foreground pixel images with SF6 gas movement characteristics, which greatly enhances the model’s ability to detect SF6 gas leaks. Simultaneously, by designing a new attention feature fusion module, introducing the Neck module of motion features, and the Backbone module to enhance small target feature extraction, we achieve high-precision SF6 gas leak detection in various complex scenarios, such as sparse leaks, complex backgrounds, camera shake, etc. The mean average precision (mAP) of TSFF-Net in the validation set was 56.3%, which is 13.2% higher than that of Yolov8s. In addition, the model proposed in this paper has parameters that are only 2.6 M, making it suitable for deployment on mobile or embedded devices. The code and test results are at https://github.com/1jianyao/TSFF-Net/tree/main.

Design and Manufacture of LPG Gas Leak Detection Based on Arduino Uno Using MQ-2 Sensor

Aims: To design and manufacture LPG gas leak detection tool that is more efficient, relatively cheaper and can be carried because it has a smaller shape and size compared to tools on the market
 Study Design: Design of LPG gas leak detection based on Arduino Uno using MQ-2 sensor.
 Place and Duration of Study: Physics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Udayana, from June 2023 to October 2023.
 Methodology: The trial and error method is used to calibrate the designed tool with standard tools. Calibration is done by comparing the distances value of the LPG gas leak detection using MQ-2 sensor and the calibration standard tool. The relationship between the measurement values of the design tool and the standard tool is determined using linear regression method to obtain a correction equation.
 Results: LPG gas leak detection based on Arduino Uno using MQ-2 sensor have been produced. The measurement accuracy obtained 97.97%. The accuracy value indicates that the resulting tool has a good level of accuracy to the standard tool.
 Conclusion: In this research, has been produced LPG gas leak detection more efficient, relatively cheaper and can be carried because it has a smaller shape and size, low-cost with high accuracy.

An exploration of novel natural gas leak detection based on the efficient CH4/N2 separation of polymer blend membrane

The CH4/N2 high-efficiency membrane separation technology is capable of effectively enriching CH4 from natural gas, and holds great potential for application in the fields of biogas purification and natural gas pipeline leak detection. However, preparing high-performance separation membranes is challenging due to the similarity between CH4 and N2 molecules. To enhance the CH4/N2 separation performance, block polyetheramide copolymer (Pebax)/EVA blended membranes were fabricated in this study. Additionally, a novel gas leakage detection tube was prepared. The EVA14 (14 wt% VA) membrane exhibits an optimal transport-facilitated channel among a series of pure EVA membranes, resulting in a CH4 permeability of 21.41 Barrer and CH4/N2 selectivity reaches 1.80 under mixed-gas feed conditions at 35 °C. The CH4 permeability of Pebax/EVA (30 wt%) reaches 120.5 Barrer by physical blending, and the CH4 permeability is increased by 191 % in comparison with pure EVA14 membrane. The Pebax/EVA (10 wt%) membrane exhibits the optimum CH4/N2 selectivity, and compared with pure EVA membrane increased by 35.5 %. EVA and Pebax polymers are blended for the first time for CH4/N2 separation, and the blending of block polyetheramide copolymer intensifies the membrane's separation performance comprehensively. The natural gas leak detection tube was fabricated with a membrane, offering a new and efficient CH4/N2 separation strategy.

Gas Leakage Detection with Notification Alert and Auto Cut-off Valve

Good safety procedures must be put in place in places of employment and education since safety is important in today's environment. The safety model now in use in businesses and industries is modified by this work and can also be applied in residences and commercial buildings. Installing a gas detector in susceptible areas is single path to take preventative action against the risk of gas leaks. A gas detector, which is frequently a component of a safety system, is a gadget designed to identify the existence of gases within a given space. A gas detector that has the ability to alert nearby operators should be alerted to a potential leak so they can either address or evacuate the area. Numerous gases have the potential to be dangerous to organic life, including humans and animals, which makes this kind of equipment crucial. It is necessary to prevent containment into any region where gas shouldn't be present. Leaks are highly dangerous since even a tiny leak has the potential to gradually accumulate an explosive concentration of gas. Testing with a gas detector is the sole means by which users can identify gas leaks, today's gas detectors are less effective in their use. It is risky since gas leaks need to be detected as soon as possible. Because of this, the gas detector with notifies device was created to avoid explosions or fires from happening in buildings. As long as there is a power source, this type of gas detector will continuously detect gas. The Arduino UNO microcontroller was utilized in this project to interpret sensor input and transmit an SMS alert to a GSM module, allowing for user communication. Until the gas concentration reaches a harmful level, the buzzer will continue to ring. These projects have the advantage of preventing fires before they start, which can occur from cooking unsupervised without human monitoring or gas leak explosions.

THE FEASIBILITY OF USING METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (MQ2) IN CREATING A GAS LEAK DETECTOR

Gas leaks and the danger they bring with them remain a primary concern for many despite the advances in current technology. The challenges people face in preventing gas leakage in their environment are the knowledge about gas leaks and the expensive tools and countermeasures they need to purchase in return for their safety. Thus, the study utilized experimental research wherein the main objective of the study was to create a gas leak detector using a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MQ2) as the primary component and interfaced with Arduino UNO to activate the alarm system of the device. The study's results proved the feasibility of the Metal Oxide Semiconductor sensor as the main component in making a gas leak detector in terms of the distance the device can detect gas leakage, detecting up to 2 meters. Second, the amount of time it takes for the sensor to detect a gas leak, with averages of 4.62 seconds for 0.5 meters and 9.39 seconds for 1 meter. The researchers determined that the gas leak detector can detect gas leaks up to 2 meters with an interval of half a meter, as all the trials that were done resulted in a passing rate.

Enhancing Gas Leak Detection with IoT Technology: An Innovative Approach

The presence of a natural gas leak within a household carries the potential for fires and poses a risk of natural gas poisoning. Similar to how we approach other hazardous energy sources such as electricity and gasoline, it is crucial to exercise caution when dealing with natural gas exposure. To prevent potential hazards and dangerous situation, identified a smart gas detection system for rapid and accurate detection of gas leaks. The proposed gas leakage detection system combines advanced sensor technology, real-time monitoring, and automated alert mechanisms to ensure timely identification and response to gas leaks. The MQ2 sensor helps in detection of gas leakage. The MQ2 sensor possesses the capability to detect a wide range of gases, including methane, propane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. This versatility makes it an invaluable tool in ensuring safety and protecting against potential hazards and early identification of gas leaks. The collected data is analyzed using sophisticated algorithms to distinguish between normal background gas levels and potential leaks. NodeMCU, equipped with its Wi-Fi capabilities, functions as the central control unit of the system. The NodeMCU gathers real-time data from the gas sensors, constantly monitoring gas levels. It processes this data and sends it to the cloud or a central server using its internet connection. The system's ability to monitor in real-time ensures that any gas leaks detected are quickly reported to the relevant personnel or authorities through automated alerts. The fast notification system allows for quick actions, reducing the risks of accidents, saving lives, preventing property damage, and mitigating harm to the environment.

Development of a Smart Monitoring System for Advancing LPG Cylinder Safety and Efficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is widely recognized as a safe option for household cooking. However, in settings like Nigeria, within sub-Saharan Africa, hazardous events related to LPG are not uncommon, often resulting from inadequate handling and utilization practices. Despite LPG's growing popularity for its sustainability and efficiency, safety concerns persist. This study introduces a smart system tailored to boost gas cylinder safety and efficiency. This system incorporates a compact and robust smart platform that integrates various smart components, provides real-time LPG level information, a load cell is available to continuously monitor LPG levels within the cylinder and issues alert upon reaching predefined thresholds. Furthermore, the system can detect gas leaks, promptly alerting users via a buzzer and LEDs. It is recommended for deployment in households, offices, and industrial environments, ensuring safety, convenience, and effectiveness in LPG usage. This research makes a notable contribution to LPG utilization, presenting an innovative solution to the challenges intrinsic to its application.

Dual-Feature-Based Bubble Sound Detection Method and Its Application in Passive Acoustical Detection of Underwater Gas Leakage

Dual-Feature-Based Bubble Sound Detection Method and Its Application in Passive Acoustical Detection of Underwater Gas Leakage