Gas Industry In China Research Articles

Geographical Space Distribution of China's Oil and Gas Industry: Characteristics and Drivers

Here, the geographical space distribution of the oil and gas industry in China is comprehensively investigated using the overall Moran's I index and local Moran's I index. We found that China's oil and gas industry development from 2000 to 2010 has a differentiated geographical space distribution upstream (extractive industry) but not downstream (refining industry). To analyze upstream and downstream states a spatial econometrics model (SEM) was used to identify influential factors resulting from the spatial concentration of the oil and gas industry. An external effect is the key factor promoting the spatial concentration of the upstream industry in China; governmental economic policy is another important factor.

中国页岩气产业的发展现状及趋势

我国页岩气资源丰富、分布广泛，经过十几年的勘探开发，已经取得了实质性的进展，国内页岩气资源开发即将全面铺开。本文主要介绍了我国页岩气资源及其分布、页岩气勘探开发现状，在此基础上，指出了我国页岩气产业的发展趋势。 China’s shale gas resources are rich and widely distributed. After ten years of development, substantial progress has been made, and the development of shale gas industry in Chinawill be in full swing. This paper mainly introduces the distribution of the shale gas, the present development status of shale gas. On this basis, the development trend of shale oil and gas industry in China is pointed out.

Research on Innovation of IPMT Project Management Pattern of Petroleum Exploration and Development Engineering in China

The characteristics of petroleum exploration and development project in China are large investment, strong technology, trans-department and long periodic, etc. A well drilling engineering project needs the cooperation of exploration academy, exploration division, and drilling division. In recent years, the IPMT project management pattern has been carried on in China in order to decrease management hierarchy and improve the efficiency of exploration and development. In this paper, Innovation of IPMT project management pattern of petroleum exploration and development engineering in China have been analyzed. The author believes that would be beneficial to improve management efficiency of oil and gas industry in China.

Development of Environmental Regulation in Energy Industry of China a Comparative Perspective

Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) regulation related to the natural gas industry in China is reviewed with a focus on environmental regulation. The review provides insight into the regulation, standards and management practice adopted, and it identifies trends and needs for improvement in China. The research finds that China is actively improving its HSE regulation system by revising laws and standards, and entitling regulatory organizations with new functions; at the same time, more companies in China are aware of the importance of HSE management and accreditation. At the current stage, the legal systems in China are effective in terms of improving awareness of and investment in HSE management. However, there is a long way to go before effective HSE management system implementation and mature HSE culture in place. From the experience of HSE legislation and management in Australia, we find that HSE culture and implementation are essential to the healthy development of the gas industry. We conclude that HSE regulation and management would benefit greatly from guidance on how to form HSE management system and cultivate sustainability culture, as well as from the further development of feasible performance measures.

Газовая промышленность Китая: новый ресурс развития

Газовая промышленность Китая: новый ресурс развития

Development status of liquefied natural gas industry in China

With the significant economic growth in China, energy related environmental issues become more and more serious. Most of air pollutants are produced by burning coal. In order to achieve a sustainable balance between economic growth and environmental protection, China has been taking measures to expand the role played by natural gas, especially since the beginning of the 21st century. As the liquid form of natural gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG) has also been paid more attention in the country. This paper explores main motives for the fast development of China’s LNG industry. An overview of the industry is also described, covering LNG receiving terminals, plants and transportation. Despite a relatively short development history of LNG industry in China, there are many remarkable successes. City-gas supply by LNG is widely applied in many small to medium cities, and LNG vehicles and cold energy utilization are growing rapidly with governmental supports. At the end, the developmental trends of China’s LNG industry are introduced. All the discussions show that LNG is strategically important in China’s future energy infrastructure.

Progress of coal-formed gas geological theory and its status in natural gas industry in China

Abstract The concept of coal measures forming natural gas was proposed by German scholars in the 1940s. By the late 1970s, coal-formed gas accounted for almost 70% of the proved gas reserves in the world. Geological theory of coal-formed gas in China has gone through a process of introduction, absorption, innovation, development and forming into a system. The theoretical system, which covers coal-formed gas (conventional resource) and coalbed gas (non-conventional resource), includes gas source identification, coal-formed gas accumulation and distribution, as well as evaluation and prediction method. It has given good directions for the establishment and development of natural gas industry in China and accelerated the growth of reserves and production of natural gas in the past 30 years. It is also a successful case in satisfying the national need through combining major scientific and technological issues with practice closely.

Significances of studies on natural gas geology and geochemistry for natural gas industry in China

Abstract In the recent decade, great development has been made in the natural gas industry. By the end of 2007, the total proved geological reserves of natural gas were 6 × 1012 m3. At the same time, the increase rate of annual production has been greater and greater. From the 100 × 108 m3/year in 1976 to 500 × 108 m3/year in 2005, the required time for an increase of 100 × 108 m3 has been 20 years, 5 years, 3 years, and 1 year, respectively. The significance of studies on natural gas geology and geochemistry are: in the 1970s, it was proposed that coal measure be good gas source rocks, and that the coal measure hydrocarbon generation be dominated by gas generation with some oil generation, which opened new opportunity for coal gas exploration and made coal gas increase from 9% to 70% of the total natural gas in China; according to studies on the semi-quantitative and quantitative controlling factors on large gas fields formation and natural gas accumulation zones, 7 out of 11 large gas fields of more than 1 000 × 108 m3 were predicted in advance by 4–11 years; the gas sources of Feixianguan Formation accumulations are various, and the authors expect that there is a coal gas generation center from Longtan Formation in Bazhong, north Sichuan, which is favorable for large coal gas fields.

Distribution and chain pattern of liquefied natural gas industry in China

The production and consumption of natural gas in China has been developing rapidly in recent years. It is expected that the annual growth rate of the demand for natural gas will reach 12% in the next 15 years, and the gas consumption in the primary energy will increase from 0.3% to 10% or more by 2020. However, since the supply of natural gas cannot satisfy the requirements, China has begun to build liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals in the coastal regions such as Guangdong and Fujian, and solve this problem by importing LNG from foreign countries. LNG needs to be transported by LNG ships from abroad. With the rapid growth of global gas production, the volume of LNG trade also increases, and the interregional production increased from 0.3% in 1970 to 26.2% in 2004. So, we need LNG ships more than before. This article puts forward the distribution of LNG ships and the speculation of the future of LNG transportation based on the studies on foreign LNG production, the LNG trade, the building of LNG ships, the LNG transportation, the chain model of LNG distribution, etc.

Probabilistic exposure assessment is essential for assessing risks—Summary of Discussions

With the flourish of shale gas industry in China, the characteristic hazardous waste, oil-based drill cuttings (OBDC), was also produced in large quantities. Unlike traditional petroleum industry, shale gas exploitation covers a wider area and there are more well sites, the adverse effects of OBDC piled up around well sites are even greater. This study investigated the pollution status and leaching toxicity of eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in OBDC of shale gas exploitation, and evaluated the health risks of the drilling workers. The results showed that heavy metal pollution in OBDC was moderate, and the leaching toxicity was far below the standard value. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of drilling workers were within an acceptable range. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the health risks of drilling workers, some suggestions are proposed to reduce the exposure risks of workers and the content of heavy metals in OBDC.