Gas Flow Velocity Research Articles

Influence of nozzle structure on the combustion performance of a graphitic hydrogen-chlorine synthesis combustor

The growing semiconductor sector is driving up demand for high-purity gas-phase HCl. Large combustion zones and low HCl concentrations are problems for HCl manufacturing systems. Based on the realizable k-ε model, the eddy breakup combustion model, and the participating media radiation model, the computational fluid dynamics simulation was used as the primary means in this study. The influence of four structural factors, nozzle jet hole diameter, jet angle, and opening angle—another is nozzle mounting height, on the combustion effect of the synthesis combustor was investigated. The extent of the high-temperature zone in the synthesis combustor and the purity of the hydrogen chlorine at the outlet were used as the main evaluation criteria. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the better the gas mixing and combustion in the combustor, the lower the nozzle mounting height should be. Small nozzle diameters and large nozzle jet angle increase gas flow velocity in the recirculation zone close to the inner wall of the combustor. Additionally, the recirculation zone will appear in the combustor as a result of the nozzle's presence. The area of the high-temperature zone within the combustor decreases as internal gas velocity increases. On the other hand, the recirculation gas flow is not significantly impacted by the angle at the condition that the jet holes open. The results of the investigation provide a reference for the design of the miniaturization of the combustor in the non-premixed combustion synthesis of gases process.

A novel theoretical model of gas–solid two-phase flow mixed dielectric discharge

A theoretical physical model of gas–solid two-phase flow mixed dielectric discharge in a uniform field based on Townsend's discharge theory is presented. This model extends the classical Townsend's theory to be applicable to the quantitative analysis of dielectric discharge questions related to gas–solid two-phase flow environments, reveals the influence mechanism of flowing gases and solid-phase particles on discharge, and provides a theoretical basis for expanding the application of discharge plasma technology in various fields. In the model, based on the basic physical process of gas discharge and our previous studies, the effects of the attraction and obstructive factors of solid-phase particles on the number density of electrons or ions and the local space electric field in the inception and development of gas discharge were taken into account. On this basis, the analytical expression of the breakdown voltage in a gas–solid two-phase flow mixed dielectric is obtained, Paschen's law of gas breakdown is modified, and Townsend's breakdown criterion for gas–solid two-phase flow situation is proposed. It is shown that the breakdown voltage of the gas–solid two-phase flow mixed dielectric decreases with increasing gas flow velocity. The gas flow velocity is the main factor affecting the variation trend of the breakdown voltage. The concentration and size of solid-phase particles determine the values of breakdown voltage. The breakdown voltage of the smaller size and higher concentration of solid-phase particles is greater, which has a stronger suppression effect on the discharge.

Mathematical and computer simulation of particle redistribution and inertial swarming in dispersed systems

<span>This work is devoted to modeling the motion of a dispersed phase in a gas flow in two cases: i) the dynamic characteristics of the gas flow (velocity components, stream functions and vorticity, ii) are found by numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equations with the subsequent construction of the droplet trajectory; study of the coalescence of droplets in a given model gas flow with analysis of the swarming of dispersed particles. In the first approach, the size and location of vortex and stagnant zones in a channel with a streamlined plate and with a turning flow are determined by numerically solving the equations of gas dynamics in Helmholtz variables. To study the coalescence of drops that occurs when the trajectories of two or more drops come into contact, a second approach has been developed-a computer model of inertial swarming in dispersed systems using the Delphi10 programming environment based on stochastic lattice algorithms and computable lattice enlargement. This approach is needed to pre-define the media flow rate profile. Also in this article, were analyzed the grouping and redistribution of particles for the manifestation of the "swarm of drops" effect.</span>

Numerical simulations of air-assisted primary atomization at different air-to-liquid injection angles

Numerical simulations have been performed for a coaxial, twin-fluid nozzle to study the influence of the angle α between the central liquid jet and the annular airflow on the primary atomization process. A glycerol/water mixture with a high dynamic viscosity of 200 mPas is used and the gas-to-liquid ratio is 0.6. The simulations show good agreement with experiments for the breakup morphology. The liquid jet breaks up quickly and its core length LC decreases with α from 0° to 30°, which is attributable to a reinforced aerodynamic interaction. The flow velocity of the gas phase close to the liquid jet increases with α in this case, which is confirmed by corresponding PIV measurements. This is due to the formation of a high pressure zone at the base of the liquid jet, which results in a favorable pressure gradient in the bulk flow direction. However, further increase of α from 30° to 60° leads to a decreased gas flow velocity along the liquid jet and an increase of LC. The same behavior has been found for the integral specific kinetic energy kL in the liquid phase, which represents a measure for the momentum transfer between the gas and liquid phases. kL increases from α=0∘ to 30° and it decreases again with higher α. Moreover, kL yields a similar distribution compared with the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) of a typical turbulent flow in the spectral domain. This is attributed to the local concentration of TKE of the liquid phase in a small region around the tip of the liquid jet. The results reveal that, in addition to the common dimensionless operating parameters, the flow direction has an essential impact on the atomization process. According to the current work, the best atomization performance is achieved at an angle of α=30∘. The spectral correlation of kL with TKE of the gas flow may be used to assess the dynamics of the liquid phase.

Self-Powered and Robust Marine Exhaust Gas Flow Sensor Based on Bearing Type Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Exhaust gas flow takes a vital position in the assessment of ship exhaust emissions, and it is essential to develop a self-powered and robust exhaust gas flow sensor in such a harsh working environment. In this work, a bearing type triboelectric nanogenerator (B-TENG) for exhaust gas flow sensing is proposed. The rolling of the steel balls on PTFE film leads to an alternative current generated, which realizes self-powered gas flow sensing. The influence of ball materials and numbers is systematically studied, and the B-TENG with six steel balls is confirmed according to the test result. After design optimization, it is successfully applied to monitor the gas flow with the linear correlation coefficient higher than 0.998 and high output voltage from 25 to 106 V within the gas flow of 2.5–14 m/s. Further, the output voltage keeps stable at 70 V under particulate matter concentration of 50–120 mg/m3. And the output performance of the B-TENG after heating at 180 °C for 10 min is also surveyed. Moreover, the mean error of the gas flow velocity by the B-TENG and a commercial gas flow sensor is about 0.73%. The test result shows its robustness and promising perspective in exhaust gas flow sensing. Therefore, the present B-TENG has a great potential to apply for self-powered and robust exhaust gas flow monitoring towards Green Ship.

Mathematical model of sheet metal strip heating by attacking jets

The authors investigated the intensity of heating of a moving strip of thermally thin metal on a finite length section by a system of attacking neutral gas jets. The article is devoted to solving the problem of creating a system for heating a strip of moving metal by attacking jets of neutral gas by estimating the intensity of heating a metal strip using mathematical modeling methods. The main options for heat treatment of sheet metal are named. The article describes the differential heat conduction problem and its subsequent simplification, considering the assumptions made to obtain an effective calculation algorithm; the empirical relations selected for calculating local and average values of heat transfer coefficients; and the basic parameters for variant calculations. For comparative modeling, a 20m-long section was considered, where a strip entering with a temperature of 500 °С is heated by neutral gas with temperature of 800 °С. The results of calculating the dependence of average cross-sectional temperature of the strip on its movement speed (in the range from 0.1 m/s to 2 m/s) at two values of the gas flow velocity (20 m/s and 40 m/s) are presented, on the basis of which the authors concluded that acceptable heating intensity is achieved only at low speeds of the strip, and the gas flow rate (in the considered range) is not a reserve for a significant increase in this intensity.

Modeling Gas Flow Velocities in Soils Induced by Variations in Surface Pressure, Heat, and Moisture Dynamics

AbstractChanges in atmospheric pressure continuously ventilate soils and snowpacks. This physical process, known as pressure pumping, is a major factor in the exchange fluxes of H2O, CO2, and other trace gases between the soil and atmosphere. Thus models of pressure pumping are relevant to many areas of critical importance. This study compares the three principal models used to describe pressure pumping. Beginning with the fundamental physical principles and whether the flow field is compressible or incompressible, these models are categorized as linear parabolic (one model—compressible) or nonlinear hyperbolic (two models—incompressible). Using observed soil surface pressure data, measured vertical profiles of soil permeability and standard linear analysis and numerical methods, this study shows that nonlinear models produce advective velocities that are one to two orders of magnitude greater than those associated with the linear model. Incorporating soil temperature and moisture dynamics made very little difference to the linear model, but a significant difference in the nonlinear models suggesting that advective velocities induced by pressure changes associated with soil heating and moisture dynamics may not always be small enough to ignore. All numerical results are sensitive to the frequency of the pressure forcing, which was band‐pass filtered into low, mid and high frequencies with the greatest model differences at low frequencies. Partitioning the pressure forcing and model responses helped to establish that mid‐frequency weather‐related phenomena (empirically identified as inertia gravity waves and solitons) are important drivers of gas exchange between the soil and the atmosphere.

Flow-Enhanced Photothermal Spectroscopy.

Photothermal spectroscopy (PTS) is a promising sensing technique for the measurement of gases and aerosols. PTS systems using a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) are considered particularly promising owing to their robustness and potential for miniaturization. However, limited information is available on viable procedures for signal improvement through parameter tuning. In our work, we use an FPI-based PTS configuration, in which the excitation laser irradiates the target collinearly to the flowing gas. We demonstrate that the generated thermal wave, and thus the signal intensity, is significantly affected by the ratio between excitation modulation frequency and gas flow velocity towards another. We provide an analytical model that predicts the signal intensity with particular considerations of these two parameter settings and validate the findings experimentally. The results reveal the existence of an optimal working regime, depending on the modulation frequency and flow velocity.

Effects of nitrogen dilution on flame characteristics and stability of lifted propane fire whirl

Nitrogen dilution effects on flame characteristics and stabilization mechanism were experimentally investigated in lifted propane fire whirls. A small rotating screen facility with finely controlled imposed circulation (Γ) and propane heat release rate (Q˙=2.0–4.0 kW) was used for experiments. The nitrogen volume fractions (φ) in the diluted propane flow ranged from 0 to 90%. The stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) technique, as well as the synchronized color imaging technique, was utilized to obtain 3-D instantaneous velocity distributions of fire whirl. It was found that the initially anchored fire whirl (φ=0) could be lifted after attaining a critical value of φ in the propane flow. Three regimes, including the attached flame, the lifted flame, and extinction, were identified in φ-Г coordinates. The fire whirl could exhibit flame liftoff and flame attachment under the same φ and Г, depending on the initial flame state in the φ-Г plot. The flame liftoff height and the flame diameter increased, and the flame length decreased with increasing φ. SPIV measurement results showed that the axial velocity followed an S-shaped distribution in the vertical direction. The mean axial velocity conditioned at the instantaneous lifted flame base decreased with φ and increased with Γ. The stable equilibrium was achieved at the locations where the flame propagation velocity and the axial velocity were roughly balanced, and the axial velocity curve had a negative slope with height. The variations of φ and Γ could change the flame liftoff height by breaking the local balance between flame propagation velocity and gas flow velocity. In addition, the peak value in the axial velocity curve, which was related to Γ, strongly affected the transitions among the different regimes.

Development and Validation of a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy System for Hot Gas Flow and Small-Scale Flame Measurement.

TDLAS (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy) is an important gas analysis method that can be employed to obtain characteristic parameters non-invasively by the infrared absorption spectra of tracer molecules such as CH4, H2O and O2. In this study, a portable H2O-based TDLAS system with a dual optical path was developed with the aim of assessing the combustion characteristics of flammable gases. Firstly, a calculation method of gas characteristics including temperature and velocity combining absorption spectra and a HITRAN database was provided. Secondly, to calibrate and validate this TDLAS system precisely, a pressure vessel and a shock tube were introduced innovatively to generate static or steady flow fields with preset constant temperatures, pressures, or velocities. Static tests within environment pressures up to 2 MPa and steady flow field tests with temperatures up to 1600 K and flow velocities up to 950 m/s were performed for verification. It was proved that this system can provide an accurate values for high temperature and velocity gas flows. Finally, an experimental investigation of CH4/air flames was conducted to test the effectiveness of the system when applied to small diffusion flames. This TDLAS system gave satisfactory flame temperature and velocity data owing to the dual optical path design and high frequency scanning, which compensated for scale effects and pulsation of the flame. This work demonstrates a valuable new approach to thermal hazard analysis in specific environments.

Ethylene combustion performance with varying the N2 content in a porous burner

Direct emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) not only pollute the environment, but also waste a lot of resources. To overcome above problem, this paper creatively proposed the solution by porous media combustion technology. In this study, ethylene with different N2 content levels of 10%, 30%, and 50% (used to simulate VOCs) was experimentally burned in a self-designed porous medium burner stacked with 9 mm alumina balls. The effects of equivalence ratio, premixed gas flow velocity and dilution ratio on flammable region, maximum combustion temperature, combustion wave velocity, pollutant emissions and combustion treatment efficiency were investigated. The maximum combustion temperature increased with the equivalence ratio and the premixed gas flow velocity. Consequently, the corresponding combustion treatment efficiency increased and CO emissions decreased. With increasing the dilution ratio, the flammable region, maximum combustion temperature, and combustion treatment efficiency became smaller but CO emissions and the combustion wave velocity became larger, except the case with 10% N2 content in which combustion was better than that with pure ethylene. In general, with relatively higher φ (φ ≥ 0.50), medium Vfv (Vfv ≥ 0.50), and appropriate α (α = 10%), the premixed gas could burn well with high combustion treatment efficiency.

Effects of water on gas flow in quartz and kerogen nano-slits in shale gas formations

Understanding the gas-water two-phase flow behavior in a shale gas formation is important for reservoir simulation and production optimization. A molecular simulation study of gas-water flow in quartz and kerogen nano-slits (2–6 nm) at shale reservoir conditions (temperature: 313.15–393.15 K, pressure: 20–60 MPa) is reported in this work. The simulation results show that the existence of water in the hydrophilic quartz slits will form water films on the slit walls; while the presence of water in the hydrophobic kerogen slits will form water clusters in the central of the gas phase at low water saturation and a water layer at high water saturation. In both wetting conditions, water will take flow space and reduce gas flow path. However, water affects gas flow velocities in the two wetting types nano-slits in different ways due to the two opposite occupancies in the slits. The momentum transfer between water and methane molecules in the gas-water interface region plays an important role in the gas-water two-phase flow. The gas flow is more readily affected by water content in the quartz slit with an aperture greater than 2 nm. When the slit aperture is reduced to 2 nm, it is difficult to form a continuous gas or water phase, and the existence of water in both types of slits will reduce the velocity of methane. Increasing the temperature will accelerate the flow of methane and water because hydrogen bonds between water molecules as well as hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the walls are reduced. High pressure promotes the mixing of the methane and water molecules, resulting in the gas velocity decreasing in both quartz and kerogen slits. The flow mechanism of methane and water in nano-slits provide insights into theoretical models for shale gas production.

Експериментальне дослідження впливу параметрів газодинамічного напилювання на коефіцієнт використання порошку

The effect of temperature and air pressure at the supersonic nozzle inlet, as well as the distance from the nozzle outlet to the surface of the substrate (stand-of-distance) on the powder usage rate of nickel-based powder in low pressure cold gas-dynamic spraying (inlet pressure up to 1.0 MPa) was analyzed. One of the most important parameters characterizing the deposition efficiency of the spraying process is the powder usage rate. This parameter is the ratio of the mass of the coating to the mass of the powder used to obtain this one. For the process of cold gas-dynamic spraying, implemented on the equipment using air pressure up to 1.0 MPa, the main disadvantage is the relatively low-powder usage rate. To increase it (but not limited to it), a ceramic component, such as alumina Al2O3, is added to pure metal powders. In this study a nickel-based powder mixture, in which the content of Al2O3 powder is about 10% mass., was used. Titanium alloy plates BT9 were used as the substrate material. Based on the multifactor planning of the experiment, the effect of the complex parameters of the low-pressure cold gas-dynamic spraying on the powder usage rate was studied. After the coating deposition according to the matrix of the experiment, the samples with coatings were weighed. According to the known mass of the samples before spraying and the increase in their mass, the powder usage rate was calculated. From the analysis of the obtained statistical data, the dependence of the effect of the complex parameters of the deposition process on the powder usage rate was developed. The maximum value of the powder usage rate were obtained up to 35 %. It was confirmed that the air temperature at the nozzle inlet has the greatest effect on the above-mentioned parameter. The explanation of this is the increase in gas flow temperature and velocity, and as a result, the increase in the velocity and temperature of the powder particles in this flow. Higher values of the velocity and temperature of the particles lead to more intense plastic deformation of particles during impact with the substrate and their adhesion to it.

Development of a sampling probe with a small non-isokinetic sampling error in variable flow velocity environments

The flow velocity of exhaust gas from an industrial stack varies from facility to facility and can easily change over time, even in a stack. To accurately measure the concentration of fine particles such as PM10 or PM2.5 emitted in such environments, the conditions for isokinetic sampling must be satisfied. In this study, a novel sampling probe that generates a small error in particle concentration in variable flow velocity environments was developed, even though isokinetic sampling was not performed. The mass distributions obtained by isokinetic sampling using a conventional sampling probe at a flow velocity of 0–6 m/s were compared with those measured using the developed probe to verify the performance of the proposed probe. It was confirmed that the two mass distributions are similar within an error of 5% under all flow velocity conditions. The mass concentrations estimated through theoretical correction considering sampling loss or gain in non-isokinetic environments were also compared, and the distributions were quite similar within approximately 5%. This verifies that the proposed sampling probe can perform nearly perfect sampling of fine particles without changing the sampling flow rates, with minimal particle under- or overestimation caused by non-isokinetic sampling for variable flow velocity conditions.Copyright © 2022 American Association for Aerosol Research

Shock waves in gas flows with nanoparticles

The paper focuses on the analytical analysis of the propagation of a normal shock wave in an adiabatic gas flow with nanoparticles. A modified Rankine–Hugoniot model was used for this purpose. A solution is obtained for the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions in a gas flow with different nanoparticle concentrations, which makes it possible to analyze the dynamics of variation of the parameters of this type of flow under a shock wave. The variation of velocity, pressure and entropy production of the adiabatic gas flow during a direct shock wave depending on the concentration of nanoparticles in the gas was depicted graphically. It was revealed that increasing the nanoparticle concentration to φ ~ 0.1 weakens the effect of the shock wave, and then, after passing the zone of minimum parameters, the intensity of the shock wave increases.

Flow-insensitive micro-thermal conductivity detector with semi-diffusion gas channel

A novel micro-thermal conductivity detector with a semi-diffusion gas channel is demonstrated. This semi-diffusion channel can reduce the flow-rate interference significantly by lowering the gas flow velocity above the hot film and maintains fast response speed at the same time. Simulations indicate that the semi-diffusion type with triangular shape has the best flow-insensitive effect. When the temperature of the hot film is about 500 K, the maximal temperature deviation of the hot film caused by flow rate change in this case can be decreased by 82.4% compared with the traditional straight type. Experiments are carried under the conditions of sample and carrier gas commonly used in gas chromatograph (GC), which is achieved by using He and CO2. With the sample gas flow ranging from 1 to 20 sccm, the voltage deviation in the semi-diffusion type is reduced for as much as 85.1% of that in the straight type. This effect is also verified in binary gases with various thermal conductivities. In addition, the recovery time of the semi-diffusion design is almost the same as the straight type, less than 170 ms, indicating it is suitable for the rapid gas detection in GC.

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОГО СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЯ УПРОЩЕННОЙ МОДЕЛИ МУЛЬТИВИХРЕВОГО КЛАССИФИКАТОРА С СООСНО РАСПОЛОЖЕННЫМИ ТРУБАМИ

An important task in the production of fine bulk material based on silica gel is to obtain a narrow fraction of the powder of the required dispersion. Existing devices, due to the required dispersion of bulk powder, technological and other parameters, do not always allow this to be done. The paper considers various classifiers. Their disadvantages for carrying out fractionation of bulk material based on silica gel at the Salavat Catalyst Plant are shown. The authors of the work proposed the design of a multi-vortex classifier for obtaining powder in size from 10 to 40 microns. The aim of this work is to obtain an experimental dependence of the hydraulic resistance of a simplified model of a multi-vortex classifier on the average velocity of the gas flow. 3 simplified models of the multi-vortex classifier are presented. The scheme of the experimental setup is presented. The method of conducting experiments is described. Based on the work carried out, the following conclusions were drawn. 1) Pressure losses in simplified models of a multi-vortex classifier range from 6 to 670.5 Pa at an input average gas flow velocity of 4.1 to 23.6 m/s. 2) The maximum hydraulic resistance corresponds to the first model with the largest number of local resistances - rectangular slots. 3) The equations of hydraulic resistance and coefficients of hydraulic resistance from the average velocity of the gas flow are obtained for 3 models of the multi-vortex classifier. 4) It is qualitatively obtained that there is a critical equivalent diameter of the inter-tube space, reflecting the beginning of the destruction of the vortex structure in the multi-vortex classifier. This factor leads to an increase in the hydraulic resistance of the device.

Fog Droplet Collection by Corona Discharge in a Needle–Cylinder Electrostatic Precipitator with a Water Cooling System

In this study, a needle–cylinder electrostatic precipitator with a water cooling system was designed to enhance the harvest of atmospheric water in wet flue gas. The effects of flow rate, temperature and particles on the collection of fog droplets were investigated. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency of water collection was analyzed at different voltages. The results show that the current decreases with the increase of air relative humidity under the same voltage, and the breakdown voltage increases obviously. Concurrently, by appropriately reducing the wet flue gas flow velocity, the residence time of fog droplets in the electric field can be increased, fully charging the droplets and improving the water collection efficiency. Moreover, experiments revealed that through decreasing the flue gas temperature, both the water collection rate and energy efficiency can be improved. In addition, the presence of particles in wet gas can improve the water collection rate by 5~8% at different discharge voltages. Finally, based on energy efficiency analysis, with the increase of voltage, although the water collection rate increased, the energy efficiency decreased.

OPERATION FEATURES OF AN ULTRASONIC FLOW TRANSDUCER WITH A COMPLEX TRAJECTORY OF THE MEASURING PATH

To measure the flowrate of fuel and energy resources, different methods are used, which determine the range of measuring instruments. Instruments based on ultrasonic measurement methods are widely used in measurement practice due to the provision of high accuracy, a wide range of measured flowrates, the absence of additional pressure losses and the design simplicity. Such instruments are easily integrated into automated readout systems for collecting and transmitting information. The asymmetry of the measured medium flow is a significant problem in the use of single-channel ultrasonic meters. This issue is successfully solved by using multi-channel flow transducers.
 The disadvantages of multi-channel ultrasonic flow transducers include a significant complication of the hydraulic channel design, the need to use more complex mathematical algorithms for processing the obtained output signal. This requires the use of high performance electronic elements, first of all microprocessors.
 The use of a transducer with multiple reflection of one measuring beam from the wall of the measuring path acts as an alternative to multi-channel measurement.
 The aim of the work is to create a mathematical model of an ultrasonic flow transducer with a complex measuring path trajectory. For research, a scheme with sounding along three chords was chosen, which implements the time-pulse measurement method, it provides for determining the flow rate by the difference in the time of passage of the measuring path along the flow and against it. In this case, the projections of the chords on the cross section of the measuring section create an equilateral triangle. An analytical expression for the conversion response is obtained for the case of several beam reflections in different planes.
 The authors reproduced the hydraulic part of the investigated flow transducer using simulation modeling implemented on the basis of the finite element method. Transducer’s operation simulation in the range of measured flow rates in the conditions of an ideally formed profile of the gas flow velocity in the transducer inlet cross-section has been carried out. The results obtained confirmed the absence of influence of the measuring circuit elements (beam reflectors) on the flow profile and the measuring beam trajectory.

Design and Manufacture of Welding Fumes Electrostatic Precipitator and Parameter Study on Filtration Performance

Currently, the fumes and dust generated from metal cutting and welding are not often treated well in many factories. This paper presents the results of designing, manufacturing the welding fumes filter system by applying electrostatic precipitator methods as well as studying the factors affecting performance of filters. There are many factors that affect the efficiency of electrostatic precipitator filtration, in this study, the welding fumes filter was experimented with parameters of gas flow velocity, filter pipe diameter and power capacity to find out the appropriate parameters. The outlet air quality was measured with a dust concentration gauge and the Box-Behnken method was used to determine the relationship among experimental parameters. The filter parameters are optimized to achieve 99% of filtration efficiency. The research results will be applied in practice to ensure the health of users and improve the surrounding environment as well.