Gas Exports Research Articles

Temporal frictions: competing futures of LNG in Tanzania

ABSTRACT This paper explores the temporalities behind resource nationalism and the liquefied natural gas project (LNG) in Tanzania. At a cost of $42 billion, the LNG project would be one of the most capital-intensive projects in Africa and would allow for export of Tanzanian gas. Focusing on the LNG negotiations during the rule of John Pombe Magufuli, this paper uses interviews with key stakeholders involved in the negotiation and planning of the LNG project, both from the government and the hydrocarbon sector. It argues that competing imaginaries of the future of the gas sector in Tanzania has led to friction between actors and has resulted in slow progression for the project. Central to this has been competing short-, medium-, and long-term time horizons, contrasting market and electoral cycles, and differing imaginaries of what the future of LNG holds for the country. This paper’s core argument is that competing perceptions of the future between different actors involved in the project, have allowed for friction between actors. At its core, this is through how the future was constructed for actors, be it through development strategies, price forecasts, or different imagined futures.

Identifying Simultaneous Equation Modelling for the Digital Competitiveness Index (IDSD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in their Influence on Economic Digitalization

Technological advances are causing rapid and comprehensive changes, especially in the digital economy sector. The strength of a society's digital competitiveness is an important asset to support the growth of the national digital economy and attract foreign direct investment. This study aims to identify the simultaneous relationship between the Digital Competitiveness Index (IDSD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The method used is Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) to overcome endogeneity problems in existing regression models, using STATA 17 software for calculations. The data analyzed are panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia for 4 years (2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023). The analysis shows that in the FDI model, IDSD, GRDP growth rate, and non-oil and gas exports have a significant effect on FDI. However, in the IDSD model, FDI has no significant effect on IDSD, while fintech lending and ICT capability of the community have a significant effect on IDSD. Based on the results, there is no simultaneous relationship between FDI and IDSD.

International Trade

Values of net oil imports(‐)/exports for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, the United States and Australia. Updated on a monthly basis.Number of imports for Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Other EU‐15 (EU‐15), Norway, Poland, Switzerland, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), and Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, (OECD Asia‐Pacific), and Total OECED.Current data for Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Other EU‐15 (EU‐15), Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey, and Other Europe (OECD Europe), Canada, Mexico, and the United States (OECD Western Hemisphere), Australia, Japan, Republic of Korea, and New Zealand (OECD Asia‐Pacific). Updated on a monthly basis.Current data for principal importers of natural gas and the amount in which they import from United States, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Germany and Spain (Table 19.1).Current data for principal exporters of natural gas and the amount they export to Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Turkmenistan, Qatar, Algeria, Nigeria, Indonesia, Malaysia and Australia (Table 19.2). Updated on a monthly basis.

Forecasting Model of Export and Import Value of Oil and Gas Using Gated Recurrent Unit Method

Forecasting Model of Export and Import Value of Oil and Gas Using Gated Recurrent Unit Method

Introduction of a carbon footprint assessment in the oil and gas facility life extension decision-making process

In large oil and gas producing countries, extraction and processing activities, including upstream activities, can represent a large share of domestic emissions. As oil fields approach their expected service life and reach depletion, energy use and GHG emissions increase per unit of produced oil, shifting operations away from their optimal point. Thus, it is paramount that oil field life extension decisions account for energy use and GHG emissions. However, many facilities are having their service life extended without considering this energy inefficiency and previous life extension decision making studies have neglected GHG emissions. Addressing this issue, this paper proposes the inclusion of a carbon footprint assessment within the evaluation of oil and gas offshore production facility life extension. The carbon footprint assessment adds an environmental lens to the evaluation of ageing, formerly evaluated according to material degradation, obsolescence and organizational issues. An eleven-stage framework is proposed to systematize the ageing related carbon footprint assessment and support life extension decision-making: (1) Objective definition, (2) Scope definition, (3) Field conditions description, (4) Scope breakdown into manageable portions, (5) Detailed data collection for each process and subsystem, (6) Input and output definition for each process and subsystem, (7) Process modelling, (8) Methodology definition for energy demand and inefficiency estimate, (9) Monitoring indicator definition, (10) Performance evaluation, and (11) Interpretation of results. The proposed framework is applied to a hypothetical case study, developed with data from a typical oil and gas offshore production platform operated in Brazil. Two LE improvement strategies were simulated, i.e. reducing the number of gas turbines, and increasing the export of natural gas. Both alter the modus operandi of the compression system and do not require additional equipment installation. These strategies resulted in a combined reduction of 922,000 tCO2 during the extended 10-year operation. This outcome demonstrates that by applying the framework opportunities for reducing energy use and GHG emissions during life extension can be identified and quantified, facilitating life extension decision-making.

The maintenance of carbonscapes: Enacting Net Zero in Stavanger, Norway

As a stable, democratic petrostate, Janus-faced Norway balances fossil fuel incumbency (profitable oil and gas exports) with leadership in green transitions (domestic hydropower supply and transport electrification) and just transitions (major donor to global green initiatives). These roles imbue domestic politics with reverence for fossil fuels as enablers of generous welfare state support, alongside a push to show progress on low-carbon energy transitions. This political dynamic has embraced the global rise to prominence of Net Zero target-setting, highly reliant on speculative, yet-to-emerge carbon mitigation technologies. Such a hubristic response to this target has served to direct massive financing to innovation activities of fossil incumbents. Nowhere is this push felt keener than in Stavanger, the oil capital rebranded to Norway’s ‘energy capital’, and the site of the country’s largest industrial hub Forus and great performative spectacles such as the Offshore Northern Seas conferences and numerous other oil and gas events. Yet it is also here that critique is often focused, pointing out the folly of continued investment that assumes oil and gas persistence in tempered form over rapid renewable energy rollout. We investigate the forms this enactment of Net Zero takes at the urban scale in Stavanger through which the promise of carbon removal is used to uphold carbonscapes. Empirical material includes place-based observation, participatory ethnography at events, and media reports. We engage with conceptual scholarship on the positionality of researchers, role of actionable knowledge, and the specific function of the knowledge economy to enable Stavanger’s juggling act as the site of fossil success since 1969, and champion of carbon removal innovation and development as one of Europe’s 112 climate-neutral 2030 Mission Cities. We argue that unpacking urban spectacle offers evidence of the interwoven nature of domestic politics and performative carbon mitigation approaches, constituting an entry point to critique mitigation deterrence.

Fluktuasi Nilai Eksport dan Impor Minyak dan Gas Penerapan Permendag No 21 Tahun 2019 Berbasis Nilai Nilai Kebangsaan UUD 1945 Untuk Stabilisasi Ekonomi Dalam Negri.

Various factors, including changes in commodity prices, domestic production, trade policies, and geopolitical considerations, can impact the value of oil and gas imports and exports. In addition to technological innovation, economic fluctuations can also be influenced by changes in global demand, domestic production, and trade policies. The value of oil and gas imports and exports may experience fluctuations over time and between nations. The Perdag No. 21 of 2019 and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2001 pertaining to oil and natural gas govern export and import regulations, respectively. These documents provide a clear framework for the management of oil and natural gas resources in Indonesia and aim to harmonize regulations in the oil and gas sector. Natural gas, in addition to enhancing industry oversight and transparency, should be subject to scrutiny, as economic development can be influenced by export and import revenues. The government can subsequently manipulate this information to curb inflation, thereby contributing to the preservation of the nation's economic stability.

Pengaruh Perdagangan Internasional terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the effect of international trade on economic growth in Indonesia. This study also aims to find out how other factors, such as investment, education, and technology, affect the effect of international trade on economic growth in Indonesia. This research adopts a qualitative approach using document analysis techniques to explore the influence of international trade on Indonesia's economic growth. This study confirms that international trade has a significant and positive influence on economic growth in Indonesia. This is evidenced by the strong positive correlation between real GDP growth and non-oil and gas exports over the period 2010-2020. The contribution of exports to Indonesia's GDP also shows a consistent upward trend, reaching 17.21% in 2020.

Exports And Their Implications for The Position of Foreign Exchange Reserves in Indonesia 2005-2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oil and gas exports and non-oil and gas exports on the position of foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia for the period 2005–2022. The discussion of this research relates to oil and gas exports, non-oil and gas exports, and the position of foreign exchange reserves. In this regard, the approach taken is theories related to the field. This research was conducted in Indonesia. This type of research is quantitative research. The data used in this study are secondary data of the time series type in the form of publications on oil and gas exports, non-oil and gas exports, and the position of foreign exchange reserves from 2005 to 2022 obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The research method used in this study is the explanatory method. The data analysis technique in this study is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study partially show that there is no effect of oil and gas exports on the position of foreign exchange reserves, while non-oil and gas exports have an effect on the position of foreign exchange reserves. Simultaneously, it shows that there is an influence of oil and gas exports and non-oil and gas exports on the position of foreign exchange reserves.

Critical supply chains and Australian maritime training requirements

The Offshore and Specialist Ships Australia paper has focussed on two of the program themes being: access to the right skills including STEM, with STEM being a critical part of both Deck and Engineer Officer training and improving and securing supply chain connectivity. We see these two items are critical elements for the Maritime requirements of the Offshore sector for Oil and Gas export plus both construction and demobilisation of offshore facilities, pilotage of vessels and the requirement of internal maritime knowledge within organisations. The focus on this document will be twofold: Firstly, the current critical lack of qualified deck and engineer officers and how this can be rectified. The lack of domestic training has recently been identified by both Maritime Industry Australia Ltd and Australian Resources & Energy Employer Association as being at a crisis point. Secondly, the lack of an Australian strategic fleet (including a viable Australian International Shipping Register (AISR)) and the consequent vulnerability of our critical maritime export and import supply chains. We believe that both these theme items are mutually dependent and are in urgent need of the attention of both the wider energy export industry and Federal and State Governments.

2023 Development and production review

Geopolitical uncertainty remained high in 2023 with Israeli actions in the Gaza strip, the continuing war in Ukraine and tension between China and several neighbouring countries. However, global inflationary pressures, surprisingly, eased during the year, and the prospect of a global recession faded from where it had been in 2022. In Australia continued activism around climate change issues, has impacted project developments and sentiment in the industry remained subdued. This paper looks back at the oil and gas production and development activities in Australia in 2023 providing historical context and trying to understand future implications for the industry. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) production in Australia remained close to record high levels although, not without problems. Both the Scarborough/Pluto 2 LNG project and the Barossa project continued to have legal and approval hurdles resulting in suspension of some execution activities. Elsewhere other projects continued with their plans, including the Kipper field in the Gippsland Basin, the Crux project in the Browse Basin and the Walyering project in the Perth Basin which was brought online in September 2023. The domestic markets also continued to have unique issues with major concerns about gas supply in the East, stalled developments and failing supply in the Northern Territory, and a renewed ban on any exports (including to other states) of gas from Western Australia.

Can Australia become APAC’s CCS hub of choice?

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is critical in Australia for future production of lower-carbon natural gas for domestic use and international export. There may also be targeted applications in other sectors, such as electricity, industrial heat generation and manufacturing, but only a small portion of the country’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are likely to be addressed with carbon capture. That leaves significant CO2 storage potential untapped. Wood Mackenzie’s analysis suggests that Australia’s CCS opportunity lies less in the reduction of domestic emissions, and more in enabling other countries’ net zero ambitions. This involves building hubs to transport and store CO2 at scale, using Australia’s vast geological resources. Such hubs are major capital projects and typically require billions of dollars of investment. However, supporting CO2 storage hubs with public funding may feel like a bitter policy pill to swallow, if there is not a large Australian emissions reduction number on the other side of it. So, why should Australia put its money towards this, and fast? In this paper, we will size the economic opportunity, benchmark Australia’s competitiveness with other aspiring hubs in the region and assess the amount of investment and policies required to get there.

Beetaloo’s gas bounty: potential for LNG exports and domestic supply

Recent drilling in the Beetaloo Basin has yielded promising results for the emerging shale gas play, enabling the explorers to secure funding and establish a range of non-binding commercial agreements. Notably, Beetaloo wells have exhibited initial production rates over 30 days (IP30), spanning from 1.1 to 5.2 mmcf/day, and there is an evident trend of increasing frac stages with each new well as operators continuously optimise stimulation. This research paper presents comprehensive Beetaloo modelling results, encompassing well type curves, a comparative analysis with the renowned Marcellus shale play in the United States (frequently used as a reference point for Beetaloo), production forecasts, economic assessments, and an examination of potential commercialisation pathways. Based on our modelling findings, Beetaloo’s estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) per well ranges from 7 to 14 bcf, with deeper wells into the Velkerri B Shale demonstrating relatively higher productivity. We anticipate that, with full-scale development, Beetaloo could attain peak production rates of 1 bcf/day, supported by a peak annual drilling rate averaging 50–60 wells. Overall, the Beetaloo Basin possesses the potential to recover close to 8 tcf of low reservoir CO2 gas, opening doors to the possibility of liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports reaching up to 4.5 mtpa and domestic gas supplies of around 94 mmcf/day, limited to the existing infrastructure capacity connecting to the east coast gas markets.

Implications of Western Australia’s updated domestic gas policy

In August 2023, Western Australia (WA) updated its domestic gas reservation policy to restrict onshore gas exports through the existing pipeline network, primarily affecting the Perth Basin. While the policy update aimed to secure domestic gas supplies amid projected shortfalls, it may complicate the outlook for the WA gas market through restricted access to capital, reduced incentives for substantial investments in large-scale developments, and the elimination of a potential future gas demand source for the state. WA’s domestic gas consumption is expected to peak by the end of this decade and then steadily decline as part of the state’s net-zero emission ambitions. In contrast, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) market especially in Australia’s main buying partners in Asia is set to grow into the 2040s, offering lenders demand certainty. This paper assesses the potential implications of WA’s updated domestic gas policy. The state’s domestic gas market is projected to require 8–10 tcf of gas over 2023–50. Currently producing and under-development fields are expected to supply approximately 5 tcf during this period, leaving around a 2 tcf gap to be filled by the onshore resource base and potential new Domestic Market Obligations (DMOs). The paper reiterates the importance of gas in WA’s energy transition and the need to ensure future supply failing which prices could rise to LNG netback or trigger further intervention.

The rising significance of the Perth Basin

Amid a nationwide struggle to revitalise exploration and development activity in the Australian oil and gas industry, the Perth Basin emerges as a beacon of hope. During 2003–2005, the basin experienced a peak in exploration activity, averaging an impressive 13 wells drilled per year. However, mirroring the sector’s broader nationwide trend, the Perth Basin then saw a decline in drilling, with an annual average of just three exploration wells over 2006–2022. Nevertheless, a turnaround is in progress, with the basin poised for the drilling of eight exploration and appraisal wells in 2024. The turning point for the basin can be traced back to the Waitsia discovery in 2014 which rekindled interest and activity in the region, resulting in nine distinct gas discoveries and a subsequent doubling of the basin’s estimated gas resources. Against the backdrop of projected gas shortfalls in Western Australia’s domestic market, players in the basin have ambitious development plans amid rising gas prices. We expect that the Perth Basin could contribute up to 30% of WA’s domestic gas supplies by 2030, compared to a modest 5% in 2023. Notably, a substantial portion of WA’s new gas supplies are expected to originate from the Perth Basin. This paper examines the resurgence of activity and interest in the Perth Basin, driven by surging valuations and its growing significance within the domestic gas market. It also examines the commercialisation pathways in light of the updated ban on onshore gas exports in WA.

Caught in the liberal pragmatic trap? How political parties viewed energy dependence on Russia in three European countries 2012–2022

After Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and its subsequent decision to stop its gas export to Europe, Europe’s energy dependence on Russia was put on full display. In this paper, we map energy relations with Russia in three European countries that in the period of analysis between 2012 and 2022 were among the most important energy customers of Russia: Poland, Germany and the Netherlands. Moreover, we examine how this issue has been addressed – if at all – in party programs in elections in the same period. Examining party programs, we argue, brings new insights and a better understanding of how energy policies and relations with Russia were viewed in the three countries – and in the EU in general in that period. The paper identifies two ideal types – the ‘liberal pragmatists’, who treated strong energy interdependence as a possible conflict-mitigating measure, and the ‘hard core realists’, who viewed strong energy dependence on Russia as a possible source of strategic threat.

Analysis of The Influence Between Mining, Agriculture and Processed Product Exports on Indonesia's Sales Development in International Trade in the Time Frame 2019-2022

Exports are one of the international trade activities that provide benefits to Indonesia, including capital transactions, employment, and foreign exchange reserves. There are 2 types of exports, namely oil and gas and non-oil and gas exports. The value of non-oil and gas exports tends to be higher than oil and gas exports. So this research focuses on three non-oil and gas sectors, which consist of mining, agriculture, and processing industry (processed products). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of mining, agriculture, and processed product exports on Indonesia's sales in international trade in the 2019-2022 timeframe. This research uses a quantitative approach, and a multiple linear regression analysis model with the IBM SPSS 22 application. The research data comes from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Trade, and related agencies. The variables used include 3 independent variables and 1 dependent variable. The independent variables are mining exports (X1) with the commodities used are coal, copper, lignite, iron and steel, agricultural exports (X2), and exports of processed products (X3), and Indonesia's sales as the dependent variable (Y). Based on the results of the study, partially shows that mining exports, and processed products have a significant positive effect on Indonesian sales. While agricultural exports (X2) have no effect on Indonesian sales (Y).

Development of Trade-Econimic Relations between Azerbaijan-EU Countries in the Field of Natural Gas Supply

The research work is devoted to the analysis of mutual relations between the European Union and the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of gas supply. In addition, the short-term and long-term measures implemented by the European Union countries in response to the changes in the political arena in recent times were reviewed. The relevance of the topic is related to the opening of economic and transport communications after the Second Karabakh war. The region is an important link between Asia and Europe, and Azerbaijan is an important energy partner of the EU as an exporter of oil and natural gas. In addition, considering the existing gas production potential of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the development of this field is a very important field for the country’s economy. The article focuses on the directions of cooperation of the parties in the matter of production and transit of energy resources. The main result is that it is designed as a framework that allows the two parties to develop their relations in the form of mutually beneficial projects based on market principles.

The Speech of President Qais Sa’id in the Forum of Gas Exporting Countries: A Study Analysis from the Perspective of Aristotle’s Persuasive Rhetoric

The Speech of President Qais Sa’id in the Forum of Gas Exporting Countries: A Study Analysis from the Perspective of Aristotle’s Persuasive Rhetoric

STRATEGIC INTERACTION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE TURKISH STREAM CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

Turkish Stream is a difficult-to-implement and large-scale engineering project in gas pipeline construction, which is located at a depth of more than 2,000 meters in the Black Sea. The creation of the project was conditioned by the possibilities of establishing new routes for gas export, strengthening of international relations between Russia and Turkey, energy security of Turkey and European countries, as well as consolidation of Russia’s status of energy leader. The article considers the peculiarities of international relations between Russia and Turkey, characterizes the Turkish Stream project, identifies the economic benefits of the countries from the construction of the Black Sea gas pipeline, defines the role of Turkish Stream in strengthening political cooperation, analyzes the risks associated with the construction of the Russian-Turkish gas pipeline, and develops the concept of international strategic interaction within the framework of Turkish Stream in modern conditions.