Gas Engine Generator Research Articles

Load response characteristics of a fuel cell micro-grid with control of number of units

The dynamic characteristics and generation efficiency of a micro-grid structured from 17 houses were examined. A gas engine generator with a power generation capacity of 3 kW installed in a house is made to correspond to the base load, and a solid-polymer-membrane-type fuel cell with a power generation capacity of 1 kW is installed in 16 houses. Moreover, when changing the load of a micro-grid, the correspondence takes place by controlling the number of fuel cells. Using numerical analysis, the characteristics of the power quality of a fuel cell micro-grid, and the generation efficiency of the fuel cell were examined. As a result, the relationship between the parameter of the controller and power quality and a fall in generation efficiency by a partial load was clarified.

Biomass gasifier projects for decentralized power supply in India: A financial evaluation

Results of a techno-economic evaluation of biomass gasifier based projects for decentralized power supply for remote locations in India are presented. Contributions of different components of diesel engine generator (DG) sets, dual fuel (DF) engine generator sets and 100% producer gas (HPG) engine generator sets to their capital costs as well as to the levelized unit cost of electricity (LUCE) delivered by the same have been analyzed. LUCE delivered to the consumers has been estimated to be varying in the range of Rs. 13.14–24.49/kWh (US$ 1 1 1US$=Indian Rupees (Rs.) 44.14 on 30 January 2006. 0.30–0.55/kWh) for DF BGPP. LUCE increases significantly if BGPP is operated at part loads. Presently available 40 kW capacity HPG systems in India are expected to be financially competitive with a DG set of equivalent capacity beyond a break-even diesel price of Rs. 34.70/l. It is expected to be financially more attractive than an equivalent capacity DF BGPP for diesel prices of more than Rs. 44.29/l. In certain specific conditions operating two smaller capacity systems has been found to be attractive as against a single larger capacity system.

4404 高含水バイオマスの油中脱水ガス化発電システムの検討(S61 バイオマス利用発電,S61 バイオマス利用発電)

The purpose of this study was to establish and contribute to putting into practical use the technology that converts high-quality upgraded dehydrated biomass (UDB) to gas with high calorific value using a pyrolytic gasifier. The pyrolytic gasifier consists of separate pyrolyzing and combusting sections after dehydrating and deoxidizing biomass with high moisture using the technology of upgrading in oil, which is the technology proven for dehydrating brown coal. Among these processes, our institute took responsibility for elucidating and modeling gasification reaction of UDB, predicting the performance through numerical analysis of a gasifier, and studying the optimum system for the entire system including gas engine generators as well as evaluating its costs.

Mitigation of Methane Emission and Energy Recycling in Animal Agricultural Systems

Abatement of greenhouse gas emitted from ruminants and promotion of biogas energy from animal effluent were comprehensively examined in each anaerobic fermentation reactor and animal experiments. Moreover, the energy conversion efficiency of biomass energy to power generation were evaluated with a gas engine generator or proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). To mitigate safely rumen methanogenesis with nutritional manipulation the suppressing effects of some strains of lactic acid bacteria and yeast, bacteriocin, β1-4 galactooligosaccharide, plant extracts (Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponarea), L-cysteine and/or nitrate on rumen methane emission were compared with antibiotics. For in vitro trials, cumulative methane production was evaluated using the continuous fermented gas qualification system inoculated with the strained rumen fluid from rumen fistulated Holstein cows. For in vivo, four sequential ventilated head cages equipped with a fully automated gas analyzing system were used to examine the manipulating effects of β1-4 galactooligosaccharide, lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides), yeast (Trichosporon serticeum), nisin and Yucca schidigera and/or nitrate on rumen methanogenesis. Furthermore, biogas energy recycled from animal effluent was evaluated with anaerobic bioreactors. Utilization of recycled energy as fuel for a co-generator and fuel cell was tested in the thermophilic biogas plant system. From the results of in vitro and in vivo trials, nitrate was shown to be a strong methane suppressor, although nitrate per se is hazardous. L-cysteine could remove this risk. β1-4 galactooligosaccharide, Candida kefyr, nisin, Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponarea are thought to possibly control methanogenesis in the rumen. It is possible to simulate the available energy recycled through animal effluent from feed energy resources by making total energy balance sheets of the process from feed energy to recycled energy. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 8 : 1199-1208)

OS3-06 木質バイオマスの固定床ガス化発電システムの開発(OS3 バイオマス・新燃料・環境技術)

A small-scale gasification and power generation system consist of a fixed-bed gasifier, a gas cleaning system and a gasengine generator was developed in order that unused woody biomass, for instance waste wood and thinned wood, would efficiently converted to electricity and heat. We built a commercial scale test plant of 80kW of electricity and a lot of test operations were carried out for more than one year. Calorific value of syngas is 746 to 1,209 kcal/Nm^3, in inverse proportion to moisture content of woody fuel and tar concentration of syngas is below 500 mg/Nm^3 in case that all woody fuels were used.

3504 ガスエンジンコージェネレーション排熱の有効利用(S52-1 次世代地域分散エネルギー供給技術(SMART)(1),S52 次世代地域分散エネルギー供給技術(SMART))

The performance characteristics were investigated of three high-efficiency gas-engine generators with capacities of 300 to 400 kW and two groups of the "Genelink", i.e. exhaust heat recovery absorption water chiller-heater, as main components of cogeneration systems, CGS. Next, computer simulations were made on the CGS in order to evaluate monthly and annual primary energy consumptions and CO_2 emissions for such building use as office, shop, hospital and hotel with ordinary electric, cooling, heating and hot water supply loads. Then, the optimum conditions for application of CGS were discussed from energy saving and environmental points of view.

ガスエンジンシステムに対する発電機と貯湯槽の容量設計法 : 家庭用コージェネレーションシステムの計画・設計手法に関する研究 その1

This study aims to propose a planning and design method for a residential co-generation system. This paper discuss about a gas-engine generator system. The system simulation program is developed to analyze the system behavior and the performance, and the program is verified in comparison between simulation results and experimental data. It is represented that rated power generation with appropriate schedule is effective operation method for a gas-engine generator system and the system energy performance correlates closely with the ratio of heat load to electric power load. And then, the design method for the capacity of generator and D.H.W tank are proposed using by Rge that is the ratio of rated generator output to hourly peak demand in intermediate season and Rst that is the ratio of the tank capacity to daily heat load in winter.

高次元アルゴリズムによるコージェネレーションシステムの最適設計

The optimization of the cogeneration systems (CGS) with the gas engine generator is studied by using the Hamiltonian algorithm (HA). The HA, invented from the study on dynamical systems, is efficient to optimize design and control of complex systems. The results show that the HA enables us to design the optimal CGS under the objective function about the investment of the plants and the equipment. The HA is also found to be effective to control the optimal CGS operations.