Gas Control Valve Research Articles

GAS ELECTRIC VALVE DESIGN

In this era of globalization, science and technology has developed rapidly, especially in the industrial world. As for science and technology that is beneficial to industry, namely for components of the production process, one of which is Valve control. This technology is used to modify the fluid flow or pressure rate in a process system by using power for its operation. The application of this control valve is used to control a pressure rate or quantity, such as the amount of oxygen gas content (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in fruit and vegetable plants. In the research that has been carried out on the carbon dioxide (CO₂) process using a porous fiber membrane contactor, the gas model is absorbed in a pure state at cold room temperature. In this study, it is still an obstacle when applied in the field because there are many factors that have not been taken into account, so in an effort to control the wasted gas, an electric gas valve control system device is needed which is designed to determine the value of wasted gas. This system is designed with valve components, servo motors, solenoid valves, Arduino uno, and relays, where all these components are built and programmed with Arduino uno microcontroller. The results of the test are carried out to determine the level of accuracy of each input to the control valve and to determine the value of the gas wasted at the degree of opening of the valve. The test results on the ten forms of angular movement are when the valve works and opens at a movement angle of 0° to the movement, the valve opens at 0%. When the valve works and opens at an angle of movement of 10° to rotation, the valve opens by 11.1%, and when the valve works and opens at an angle of movement of 20° to 80° to the movement, the valve opens by 22.2% to by 88.8%, then when the valve works and opens at an angle of movement of 90° to the movement, the valve opens by 100% or fully opens. The benefits of this research in the performance process of production technology in industry are to meet consumer demand by producing safe, minimally processed, additive-free, and stable quality food.

Modeling a Practical Dual-Fuel Gas Turbine Power Generation System Using Dynamic Neural Network and Deep Learning

Accurate simulations of gas turbines’ dynamic performance are essential for improvements in their practical performance and advancements in sustainable energy production. This paper presents models with extremely accurate simulations for a real dual-fuel gas turbine using two state-of-the-art techniques of neural networks: the dynamic neural network and deep neural network. The dynamic neural network has been realized via a nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) artificial neural network (ANN), and the deep neural network has been based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). The outputs selected for simulations are: the output power, the exhausted temperature and the turbine speed or system frequency, whereas the inputs are the natural gas (NG) control valve, the pilot gas control valve and the compressor variables. The data-sets have been prepared in three essential formats for the training and validation of the networks: normalized data, standardized data and SI units’ data. Rigorous effort has been carried out for wide-range trials regarding tweaking the network structures and hyper-parameters, which leads to highly satisfactory results for both models (overall, the minimum recorded MSE in the training of the MISO NARX was 6.2626 × 10−9 and the maximum MSE that was recorded for the MISO CNN was 2.9210 × 10−4, for more than 15 h of GT operation). The results have shown a comparable satisfactory performance for both dynamic NARX ANN and the CNN with a slight superiority of NARX. It can be newly argued that the dynamic ANN is better than the deep learning ANN for the time-based performance simulation of gas turbines (GTs).

Gas turbine monitoring using neural network dynamic nonlinear autoregressive with external exogenous input modelling

The main purpose of the present work is to propose an effective tool which allows to ensure the protection and the safety measures against the instability phenomena in a gas turbine based on the modelling of its dynamic behaviour. In order to provide an efficient diagnostic strategy for this type of rotating machine, a supervision system based on the development of artificial neural network tools is proposed in this paper. Where, the dynamic nonlinear autoregressive approach with external exogenous input NARX is used for the identification of the studied system dynamics, to monitor the vibrational dynamics of the operating turbine. This leads to establishing a solution for the different ranges of rotational speed and ensuring dynamic stability through the vibration indicators, determined by the proposed neural network approach. Also, offer a normalized mean square error on the order of 3.8414e−3 for the high-pressure turbine, 1.29152e−1 for the gas control valve and 2.12090 e-4 for the air control valve. Furthermore, it permits the vibration monitoring and efficiently extracts the essentials of dynamic model behaviour, to effectively size the operating gas turbine system.The obtained results of the application of the proposed approach on the gas turbine system presented in this paper proves its ability for the detection and the management on real-time of the eventual failures caused mainly by intrinsic vibrations. On the other side, these results prove clearly the effectiveness of the use of the artificial neural networks as a very powerful calculation tools in the modelling of complex dynamic systems.

Design and Implementation of Automatic Gas Valve Control Mechanism for Biogas Plant

Biogas plants are slowly becoming popular as these are non- polluting, renewable energy source, reduces landfill and inexpensive. However, users from rural populations are still facing problems due to the absence of automation in biogas plants. Hence, the demand for automation and control is increasing so as to enhance the plant performance. This paper proposes a hardware implementation of automatic gas valve control mechanism for biogas plant. The automatic gas valve control system consists of LC5926H ON - OFF controller by which an automatic opening and closing of the gas valve has been carried out via solenoid valve. Based on the pressure inside the dome, the controller allows solenoid valve to perform the switching operation if the pressure inside the dome exceeds or fall below the preset value. This advanced mechanism provides more efficient and reliable solution to the existing biowaste systems by reducing human intervention and by avoiding the gas leakage.

Influence of Coolant Pressure Size on Surface Roughness when Stainless Steel Machining

The paper is focused on the influence of the coolant pressure on the surface roughness of the workpiece when machining stainless steels. The components were machined on a STAR SR-32J dual spindle machining center and an external cooling unit HYTEK CHAV 160/150-AF-F-OL was used for cooling. Two stainless steel components were investigated, namely the gas control valve rod and the high-pressure control valve housing, which require low roughness Ra after machining (less than 0.375 and 0.25 micrometers respectively). The first component was tested at 8 different pressures in the range of 150 bar - 10 bar and the second component at 4 different pressures in the range of 120 bar - 10 bar. The roughness parameters were measured by the contact method using the MITUTOYO Surftest SJ-410 Roughness Tester and the Alicona InfiniteFocus optical microscope. Based on these sample input parameters, it was evaluated howmuch the pressure affects the surface quality or suggested its reduction due to the high cost of operation of the external high-pressure equipment.

Development Methodology for a Pulsation Damper of Gas Control Valves

The background for the proposed methodology is based on the principle of stage throttling with simultaneous equalizing and stabilizing the outflow, as well as elimination of gas-dynamic self-oscillating modes of the control valve. Having conducted an analysis of suppression and dampening means and according to established patterns of occurrence of self-oscillations we have suggested an integrated pulsations damper performing the following functions: elimination of gas-dynamic self-oscillations, reducing pressure pulsations in the source by reducing pressure drop, stage throttling with a reduced flow rate and outflow stabilization. A distinctive feature of our methodology is combining experimental dependencies with numerical simulation of natural modes and gas-dynamic processes taking place in the control valve and pressure pulsation damper. As initial data for designing the damper we have set its desired efficiency while ensuring specified operating modes of the gas distribution station and specified restrictions on dimensions and hydraulic resistance. The methodology allows for a significant reduction of broadband pressure pulsations and vibration by the damper due to the rational and maximum permissible distribution of pressure differences in the control valve and damper under operating conditions in which the total vibrational power of the control valve and damper is maintained close to the minimum.

Suppression of Gas-dynamic Self-oscillations in the Outflow Line of a Gas Control Valve

This article considers investigation of the causes and characteristics of high-frequency gas-dynamic self-oscillations arising in the outflow line of gas control valves. We have demonstrated that these self-oscillations result in a substantial increase in the level of dynamic loading of the control valve elements due to occurrence of intense tonal spectra components of pressure fluctuations in the pipeline, vibrations of the output flange of the control valve, as well as external noise of the whole assembly. We have provided the results of the study of conditions for high-frequency gas-dynamic self-oscillations arising from the gas flow interaction with the control valve elements, as well as with supporting pylons of the central fairing. It is shown that an increase in the flow above a certain value of output speed (40 m/s) results in tonal spectrum components of pressure pulsations. We have described the measures to suppress gas-dynamic self-oscillations by means of a perforated sleeve installed in the outflow line of the control valve.

Suppression of gas-dynamic self-oscillations in the outflow line of a gas control valve

This article is devoted to the investigation of the causes and peculiarities of high-frequency gas-dynamic self-oscillations arising in the outflow line of gas control valves. We have demonstrated that these self-oscillations result in a substantial increase in the level of dynamic loading of the control valve elements due to the occurrence of intense tonal components in the pressure fluctuation spectra in the pipeline, the vibrations of the output flange of the control valve, as well as the external noise of the whole assembly. We have provided the results of investigating the conditions for high-frequency gas-dynamic self-oscillations arising from the gas flow interaction with the control valve elements, as well as with supporting pylons of the central fairing. It is shown that an increase in the flow above a certain value of output speed (40 m/s) results in tonal components of the spectrum of pressure pulsations. We have described the measures to suppress gas-dynamic self-oscillations by means of a perforated sleeve installed in the outflow line of the control valve. Three modifications of the sleeve design have been modeled, numerical simulation of gas-dynamic processes in the control valve exhaust duct with a perforated sleeve installed has been carried out. It is shown that complete elimination of gas-dynamic self-oscillations can be made possible by installing the sleeve in the control valve exhast duct.

Development methodology for a pulsation damper of gas control valves

The background for the proposed methodology is based on the principle of stage throttling with simultaneous equalizing and stabilizing the outflow, as well as elimination of gas-dynamic self-oscillating modes of the control valve. Having conducted an analysis of suppression and dampening means and according to established patterns of occurrence of self-oscillations we have suggested an integrated pulsations damper performing the following functions: elimination of gas-dynamic self-oscillations, reducing pressure pulsations in the source by reducing pressure drop, stage throttling with a reduced flow rate and outflow stabilization. A distinctive feature of our methodology is combining experimental dependencies with numerical simulation of natural modes and gas-dynamic processes taking place in the control valve and pressure pulsation damper. As initial data for designing the damper we have set its desired efficiency while ensuring specified operating modes of the gas distribution station and specified restrictions on dimensions and hydraulic resistance. The methodology allows for a significant reduction of broadband pressure pulsations and vibration by the damper due to the rational and maximum permissible distribution of pressure differences in the control valve and damper under operating conditions in which the total vibrational power of the control valve and damper is maintained close to the minimum.

Structure Damage Diagnostic Method of High-Flow Control Valve Stem

According to the real structure and work condition of a high-flow mixed gas control valve used in recycling generating electricity project, a modal analysis model based on fluid-structure coupling system of control valve is set up. The natural frequency and mode of valve plug and stem is obtained. The structure damage diagnostic method of high-flow valve stem is put forward. According to the change of natural frequency of the valve stem to judge appearance of fracture cracks is explored. According to the amount by which the variation of natural frequency to determine the size of crack is discussed. It is the preliminary diagnosis to the damage of a high-Flow control valve stem in the special working environment, to avoid the gas leaks, the failure of valve action, adjust or commutation, etc.

Effect of impact angle and testing time on erosion of stainless steel at higher velocities

Abstract Erosion is vitally important in aerospace and petrochemical industries, especially when the targets such as flight engines, gas control valves etc are subjected to high speed in an environment containing sand particles. A new erosion test rig, with a capability of producing a velocity greater than Mach 3, was built up to cater to this purpose. Results obtained from stainless steel testing showed that erosion rate was saturated at 120 s and reduced subsequently. In addition, the results of erosion rates at different impact angles indicated that severe erosion maximizes at an impact angle of 40°. Further, erosion profiles showed different erosion effects on the sample surface. Surface roughness increased with respect to time and peaked at 45°. Investigation into surface microstructure revealed different erosion mechanisms associated with different impact angles. The erosion mechanism transition from micro-plowing to indentation induced plastic deformation took place from low to high impact angles. Further, computational fluid dynamic model was used to compare with experimental results.

Conditions that Allow the Flow of Air into a Closed Gas System Through Appliance Control Valves

There are situations that occur when customers and servicemen have difficulty lighting pilots on appliances after a natural gas or propane system has been shut off or following an out-of-gas call in a propane system. The inability to light the pilot light is believed to be the result of air getting into the gas system. In some circumstances, customers or servicemen will purge the gas line in order to get the “air” out of the lines. Sometimes this results in flammable gas entering the structure leading to an explosion, flash fire or fire, and subsequently property damage, serious injuries, and sometimes death. As a result of several purging incidents involving explosions, including one at the ConAgra Slim Jim plant in Garner, NC, in June 2009, and at the recommendation of the U.S. Chemical Safety Board, the National Fuel Gas Code Committee of NFPA initiated a Tentative Interim Amendment that changed purging requirements [NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, 2009 Edition]. In the propane industry, it has been claimed that after an out-of-gas situation, air is drawn into the propane tank with moisture, which results in the formation of rust and causes the oxidation of the propane odorant ethyl mercaptan. In this scenario, it is claimed that the propane gas was odorless where the line was purged by the unsuspecting serviceman or homeowner leading to the release of dangerous amounts of gas inside a structure. The question arises as to how air can enter a closed gas system, particularly given the presence of safety valves in appliance gas control valves. These authors hypothesize that air can enter a sealed gas system through some gas control valves when a vacuum is created in empty containers or piping due to ambient diurnal temperature changes and solar radiation. To test this hypothesis, pressures and temperatures associated with empty propane containers and weather conditions were measured for several days. The data was then analyzed to determine the magnitude of the pressure changes occurring inside the gas system. The negative pressure values measured during testing were then applied to the inlet side of a number of appliance gas control valves to determine whether these pressures were sufficient to draw air back into the gas system. This paper includes descriptions of the testing and summaries of the results. Test results were also compared to theoretical calculations of the negative pressures in a closed system.

The solid particle erosion of 12 metals using magnetite erodent

To aid in the materials selection for sales gas control valves, the solid particle erosion behavior of 12 metals was investigated using impinging jets of magnetite particles. The erosion rates were measured for two different particle sizes, two different velocities, and six different impingement angles. In most cases, the dependencies of erosion rate on impingement angle were fit to a published semi-empirical erosion model so that they can be used in future computational fluid dynamics models of the erosion of control valves and other pipeline components. The most erosion resistant materials were found to be tungsten carbide (WC) and Stellite 12, and the least erosion resistant materials were nickel plated A1018 carbon steel and A240 type 410 stainless steel plates. There was no measurable erosion for the WC samples, even for very long exposure times. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the erosion mechanisms. For the nickel plated steel, under some of the studied conditions, the plating was found to delaminate, resulting in a brittle erosive response. For all other tested materials, the measured erosion rates and scanning electron micrographs indicated a ductile erosion mechanism under all the considered conditions. With all other conditions being equal, the erosion rate was found to increase with decreasing particle size. This counter intuitive result was demonstrated to be primarily due to the formation of a thicker hardened layer which also led to a higher degree of particle fragmentation, when utilizing the larger particles as the erodent.

Modal Analysis on Fluid–Structure Interaction System of a Large-Scale Gas Control Valve

According to the real structure and work condition of a large-scale gas control valve used in recycling generating electricity project, a modal analysis modeling of fluid-structure interaction system is set up and the vibration in fluid-structure interaction is studied. The fluid force on the valve plug when the control valve at different openings is analyzed. According to the modal computing of the plug in fluid environment, the vibration frequencies of the plug are obtained. The influence on vibration frequency of fluid-structure interaction is showed, which relate to vibration modal of plug. The change of plug frequency at coupling and uncoupling condition is investigated. All of these are in favor of vibration characteristic analysis, vibration fault diagnosis of control valve system and realizing design optimization in plug dynamic characteristics. These are of great practical significance for advancing study on large-scale control valves.

A Home Automation system based on Smart phone

Smart Home or Home Network technology is one that continuously creates added value, making a better life. This paper designed and developed a smart home control system using smart phone. This proposed smart home system consists of home server control system, remote smart application system and home node structure. Home node structure, in detail, is composed of intrusion detection, gas leakage or gas valve control, door lock, automatic curtain, ventilation control and On/Off control modules and these modules are controlled at home server. Home server makes it easy to control home automatic control system anytime, anywhere as it provides remote interface that enables control via smartphone and user interface in itself.

Sequential Fluid-Structure Interaction of a Large-Scale Gas Control Valve

According to the real structure and work condition of a large-scale gas control valve used in recycling generating electricity project, a sequential fluid-structure interaction system model of control valve is set up, the coupling of fluid and valve plug is studied. The complicated fluid pressure, stress and deformation of balanced valve plug and stem at different control valve openings are investigated. The root cause of plug vibration by fluid is revealed. The natural frequency and modes of vibration are obtained, which could verify whether the design overcomes resonance. All of these are in favor of realizing design optimization in fluid-structure interaction and are of great practical significance for advancing study on large-scale control valves.

Performance of solid–gas reaction heat transformer system with gas valve control

Single-stage solid–gas reaction heat transformer system with the reactive salts of CaCl 2 and MnCl 2 was investigated. The system performances with gas valve control (closed protocol) were measured and compared with those without gas valve control (open protocol). The reasons of these differences were discussed. It was concluded that specific heating power ( SHP), coefficient of performance ( COP) and exergic COP ( COP ex) of the experimental set-up were improved with gas valve control. From the theoretical analysis, it was concluded that the improvement of system performances was mainly due to the difference of gas pressure in system operation, while not the multi-step reactions between CaCl 2 and NH 3. Further improvements of the performances of experimental set-up were also proposed. It was concluded that conducting heat recovery process would increase system COP and COP ex, and converting to novel two-stage system with reactive salts of CaCl 2, MnCl 2 and FeCl 2 would increase temperature lift Δ T.

Encased gas valve control housing having a plastic body and an over-moulded seal

Encased gas valve control housing having a plastic body and an over-moulded seal

Performance Improvement of Gas Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone Separators Using Integrated Level and Pressure Control Systems

The performance of gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone (GLCC©) separators for two-phase flow metering loop can be improved by eliminating liquid overflow into the gas leg or gas blow-out through the liquid leg, utilizing suitable integrated control systems. In this study, a new integrated control system has been developed for the GLCC, in which the control is achieved by a liquid control valve in the liquid discharge line and a gas control valve in the gas discharge line. Simulation studies demonstrate that the integrated level and pressure control system is highly desirable for slugging conditions. This strategy will enable the GLCC to operate at constant pressure so as not to restrict well flow and simultaneously prevent liquid carry-over and gas carry-under. Detailed experimental studies have been conducted to evaluate the improvement in the GLCC operational envelope for liquid carry-over with the integrated level and pressure control system. The results demonstrate that the GLCC equipped with integrated control system is capable of controlling the liquid level and GLCC pressure for a wide range of flow conditions. The experimental results also show that the operational envelope for liquid carry-over is improved twofold at higher liquid flow rate region and higher gas flow rate region. GLCC performance is also evaluated by measuring the operational envelope for onset of gas carry-under. [S0195-0738(00)00804-9]

Limit cycle stability of systems containing a pulse ratio modulator

Most spacecraft attitude control systems employing mass-expulsion techniques use some form of pulse modulation at the output from the control system to the gas control valves. In a number of early designs such modulation was introduced almost accidentally by surrounding simple relay-type switching logic with a feedback loop containing a first-order lag to provide ‘derived rate’ damping. This arrangement gives pulse width and pulse frequency modulation (Combined pulse modulation).Such a modulation scheme was devised by Schaefer in 1962 which he called a Pulse Ratio Modulator (PRM). His main concern was the mechanisation of the quasistatic equations of the modulator and he did not investigate the stability of systems containing a PRM.