Gas Condensate Deposits Research Articles

SOIL-GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PURPOSES

The authors outline a procedure for the mapping of soil geochemical anomalies surrounding a gas condensate deposit in upland East Siberia. An end product is a map showing areas in which matter is biologically cycled in different ways and at different intensities, as reflected in the dominance of different combinations of chemical elements in the soil. The paper explores the relationship between these geochemical regions and (a) related natural regions (vegetation, geomorphologic-geologic) and (b) types of human impact (e.g., fires, oil-gas drilling, pipeline construction). The methods employed are compared with previous methodologies of geochemical mapping—e.g., of Perel'man. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1997, No. 1, pp. 23-33

Nanomicrostructure, chemical stability and abnormal transformation in ultrafine particles of oxidized tin

Ultrafine oxidized tin particles with particle size about 6 nm have been prepared by inert gas condensation deposition under low oxygen pressure. The nanostructure, hyperfine parameters, and chemical stability of the particles have been studied by means of TEM, XRD and Mössbauer spectra analysis. The results show that the nanostructure of particles can be divided into a crystalline component and a disordered component. Nano-powders have high chemical activity and can be oxidized into stable SnO 2 compounds at ambient temperature. XRD measurements indicate that post-annealing at temperatures of 300–600 °C for 2 h in air produced orthorhombic and tetragonal SnO 2 phases. Orthorhombic SnO 2 phase may be an intermediate phase during the transformation of disordered SnO 2 to tetragonal SnO 2 (rutile) which is the high temperature stable phase under oxygen deficiency conditions.

West Siberian oil and the Northern Sea route: Current situation and future potential1

Abstract A survey paper explores interrelationships between the development of oil and gas condensate deposits in northern areas of West Siberia and adjacent Krasnoyarsk Kray and the volume and character of traffic along the Northern Sea Route. Initial sections examine the magnitude of petroleum resources in the region, the allocation of development rights, and past and potential future production. Coverage then focuses on the problems involved in transporting the oil and gas condensate to markets, with special attention to different variants for the involvement of the Northern Sea Route in the transport of hydrocarbon output from existing and prospective fields in the Northern Ob'‐Yenisey Region.

Aromatic sulfur compounds as maturity indicators for petroleums from the Buzuluk depression, Russia

This study demonstrated that phase state and compositional variations of hydrocarbons in the Buzuluk depression, Russia, are related to maturity levels of Devonian source rocks. Maturity levels of organic matter of source rocks estimated by Rock-Eval T max and vitrinite reflectance ( R o%) are in the range from ‘oil window’ to ‘overmature’ and increase from east to west in the depression. The volume of the gas-condensate deposits increases in the same direction. Geochemical analyses using GC with dual FID/FPD and GC-MS show the variation in distributions of aromatic sulfur compounds in oils and condensates with different maturity levels. Very mature petroleums are characterized by very low concentrations of benzothiophenes (BTs) and abundant methyldibenzothiphenes (MDBTs). Maturity parameters such as the 4-MDBT/1-MDBT and newly proposed dimethyldibenzothiophenes (DMDBT) ratios of sulfur aromatics correlate well with other maturity indicators based on hydrocarbon distributions in gasoline-range and saturate fractions of petroleum. Sulfur aromatic parameters work well over a wide range of catagenesis, showing no reversal at the advanced levels of thermal evolution and can efficiently discriminate very mature petroleums.

Prediction of attainment of bearing capacity of piles sunk by combined method

At the Yamburg gas-condensate deposit (GCD), tens of thousands of steel-pipe piles are sunk every year into permafrost soils by a combined drop method which consists in boring a large-diameter hole to a depth of 1-2 m, thawing the soil by a steam point to the design depth, and pressing-in the pile with the open lower end in this soil. However, a question which has not been fully elucidated in this connection is that of interaction between permafrost soils and piles sunk by this method, although their bearing capacity depends on it. When piles are sunk by the bored-drop, ordinary drop, and combined methods, the natural temperature regime of the permafrost soils is disturbed, and the times of transmission of the design load to the pile are determined by the length of the periods of its freezing-together and of attainment of the design bearing capacity of the soil base. 4 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

Gas and Condensate Recovery While Developing Gas Condensate Deposits Under Natural Drives

Abstract This article presents special studies on gas condensate recovery at gas condensate fields and effects of some natural and technological factors on the process of gas and condensate recovery from the bowels of the earth, Description and study of processes in beds by means of gas hydrodynamic methods used by authors as well as scientific and applied trends of investigations are also given here.

Experience with service of fittings of 20GML steel in hydrogen sulfide-bearing media

The fabrication and testing of pipe and valve fittings 20GML steel for use in gas condensate field production equipment are described. The bodies of the fittings were cast from 20GML steel and the internal components were produced using 10Kh17N13M3T steel. Hardfacing and heat treatment regimes are described and the resulting mechanical and anticorrosion properties are given. The fittings were designed to minimize or eliminate corrosion cracking in hydrogen sulfide-containing reservoir fluids. Tests included mechanical, leak, and dye penetrant and were performed over an eight-year period and demonstrated successful use of the valves in gas condensate deposits containing up to 6% H/sub 2/S.

ORIGIN OF THE GAS-CONDENSATE DEPOSITS AND PREDICTION OF THE PHASE STATE OF HYDROCARBONS IN NORTHERN WEST SIBERIA

In northern West Siberia, a zone of petroleum accumulation has been identified, embracing the Nadym-Pur, Pur-Tazovskiy, Gydanovsk, and Yamal' petroliferous regions. A characteristic feature of this zone is the development of a thick (up to 2000 m) Cretaceous complex, with which the bulk of the gas and gas-condensate resources of West Siberia is associated. The origin of the gas-condensate deposits, discovered over a wide range from Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) to Jurassic, with differing hydrocarbon composition and amount of condensate, has been inadequately investigated, but nevertheless it has great significance in predicting the phase state of the hydrocarbons in the deposits and the reliability of estimating the reserves. The paper discusses the origin of these gas condensates from petroleum and coal deposits. 5 references.

THE ROLE OF SULFUR MINERALIZATION IN THE FORMATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN GASES OF THE ASTRAKHAN DEPOSIT

The Astrakhan gas-condensate deposit has high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, the origin of which is of not only theoretical but practical importance, since it has a considerable effect on the reliability of forecasting the presence of high-sulfur gases, not only in the Caspian region but in other parts of the country. Two views have been expressed on the origin of the H/sub 2/S. According to one, it is a product of biogenic-abiogenic sulfate reduction by hydrocarbons. According to the second H/sub 2/S forms by two processes: abiogenic sulfate reduction by hydrocarbons and reaction of hydrocarbons with elemental sulfur, although it is considered that the first is more likely. The author presents an interesting case for the involvement of native sulfur, completely consumed far in the geologic past, in the formation of sour gases in the Astrakhan deposit. Disruption of the oil pools in the dome in the pre-Sakmarian period was accompanied by the formation of fairly extensive zones of sulfur mineralization, which were sufficient subsequently to produce gases with high H/sub 2/S concentrations, such as are now observed. In the later stages of the formation of the gas-condensate deposit, the migrating hydrocarbons dissolved the sulfur, which, because of the highmore » formation temperature, reacted with the hydrocarbon to give H/sub 2/S. The high temperatures and the carbonate reservoir rocks favored hydrocarbons reacting with the sulfur dissolved in the condensate phase, which gave H/sub 2/S and aromatic structures. H/sub 2/S is not being formed at the Astrakhan deposit at the present time because of the anomalously high formation pressures. 14 references.« less

TIME OF FORMATION OF OIL AND GAS POOLS IN THE SOUTH CASPIAN REGION

The Azerbaydzhanian and Turkmenian offshore sectors in the South Caspian Sea contain more than 20 known oil, gas, and gas-condensate deposits. The paper reviews previous studies of the geology and probable age that hydrocarbon migration occurred. In the enormous southern Caspian folded region, the late Pliocene to Quaternary interval was the main stage in forming the middle Pliocene oil and gas traps, and the principal mass of hydrocarbons may have entered these traps during the time from the middle of the late Pliocene to its end, and during the short interval from the beginning of the middle Pleistocene to the Holocene, although an independent phase of migration can also be discerned in the first half of the middle Pliocene. Knowledge of the time when the main volume of hydrocarbons migrated and of the time when the traps formed will indicate the exploration targets with the greatest potential for oil and gas. 7 references, 3 figures.

Guidelines for geological exploration of gas-condensate deposits along the northern margin of the Caspian Basin

Guidelines for geological exploration of gas-condensate deposits along the northern margin of the Caspian Basin

Qualitative prediction of petroleum potential based on composition of light hydrocarbons

To clarify genetic differences in the composition of light hydrocarbons from various condensates and oils, we summarized data based on 272 benzine fractions. We compared the benzine fractions of fluids selected from oil, gas-oil, gas-condensate-oil, and gas-condensate deposits in Russian and foreign oil-gas regions. The relationships may be suggested as new geochemical criteria for discriminating the genetic zonation of hydrocarbon systems, and their composition and types of segregations.

I. V. Vysotskiy & E. V. Kucheruk (Eds) 1975. Deposits of Fossil Fuels. Volume 5. The Major Gas and Gas Condensate Deposits of the World: Non-Soviet Asia, Africa, America, Australia and New Zealand. 111 pp., 5 tables, 39 figs. Hall, Boston. Price (outside U.S.A.) $22.00. Translation of Russian text originally published by the All-Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information

I. V. Vysotskiy & E. V. Kucheruk (Eds) 1975. Deposits of Fossil Fuels. Volume 5. The Major Gas and Gas Condensate Deposits of the World: Non-Soviet Asia, Africa, America, Australia and New Zealand. 111 pp., 5 tables, 39 figs. Hall, Boston. Price (outside U.S.A.) $22.00. Translation of Russian text originally published by the All-Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information

Experimental data on the displacement of a gas from a porous medium by a gas

In connection with the exploitation of gas-condensate deposits by the method of the reverse injection of a dry gas, the article gives the results of an experimental investigation of the displacement of a gas by a gas, carried out in tubular models of homogeneous porous media with differing permeabilities.