Gas-cleaning Equipment Research Articles

Monitoring of hydrogen sulfide content in winter in the observation points of Atyrau city

The article analyzes the monitoring of hydrogen sulfide content in the air of Atyrau in the winter period of 2021-2022. The purpose of this study is to study the hydrogen sulfide content in the air environment of the city of Atyrau, which has been increasing in recent years as a result of anthropogenic impact. The monitoring results were analyzed according to the data of Kazhydromet observation points, including 15 observation points. Monitoring of the study showed that among 15 observation points, there are exceedances of the maximum permissible concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in all three winter months, but however, it can be observed that the highest concentrations are observed in December and February, whereas in January these data are close to the MPC. Especially high rates are characteristic of points located near the Atyrau Oil Refiner, which is probably the main source of hydrogen sulfide. At the same time, the excess of the MPC for hydrogen sulfide and at points in the territories of the city exceeds more than 5-15 times. An important step towards optimizing the monitoring of the effects of hydrogen sulfide emissions at the Atyrau Refinery is the monitoring of atmospheric air quality and the introduction of modern technologies and dust and gas cleaning equipment. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the emission of hydrogen sulfide as a result of measures aimed at the reconstruction and overhaul of the sewage system in Atyrau. Key words: hydrogen sulfide in the air, Atyrau, monitoring, winter period, Kazhydromet observation points.

SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO SELECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EQUIPMENT

The article considers the optimal choice of effective dust and gas cleaning equipment taking into account the actual environmental conditions and characteristics of pollutants. Deposition of pollutants from gaseous emissions leads to soil pollution and migration of heavy metals into groundwater and surface water, so the question of optimal choice of effective environmental equipment is relevant to the study. The problem of reasonable selection of optimal dust and gas cleaning equipment should consider the parameters of pollutants and environmental conditions of the cleaning process, which can be done using a mathematical apparatus. The article uses the algebra of expressions to formulate the gradualness and imitation of the algorithmic program for calculating the optimal dust and gas cleaning equipment based on the parameters of pollutants and environmental conditions. Graph analysis allows a quick algorithmic explanation of the optimal oriented choice of certain types of treatment equipment. Based on the study and visualizations of the hierarchical structure of the scheme of selecting dust and gas cleaning equipment, it is possible to conclude a convenient assessment of the effectiveness of the cleaning process.

Method of Processing Acoustic Information for Purposes of Monitoring State of Valves of Gas Cleaning Equipment

Method of Processing Acoustic Information for Purposes of Monitoring State of Valves of Gas Cleaning Equipment

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE FRAMEWORK OF MODERN PROJECTS

As a result, the implementation of measures to protect the atmosphere (the use of innovative technologies in the introduction of dust and gas cleaning equipment, the conversion of cars to gaseous fuel, the renewal of rolling stock, the implementation ofthe state program to reduce emissions), the stabilization of the environment is observed.It is necessary to carry out technical re-equipment of key sectors of the economy, the introduction of new technologies, as well as the stabilization and reduction of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. It is recommended to take additional measures to ensure that the amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere as a result of the operation of the facility does not exceed the permissible level, to install dust-collecting equipment that captures dust with high efficiency (up to 99.5%).

Distribution of the Dispersed Phase in the Gas Cleaning Equipment with Pulsating Plug

The work is devoted to the reduction of the technogenic impact on the environment from the emissions of heat power engineering by using a highly efficient equipment for the complex purification of exhaust gases — a equipment with a regular pulsating plug (RPP). The aim of the study is the physical and mathematical description of the mechanisms of the process of capturing fine dust in a equipment with an on-load tap changer. This goal is achieved by describing the physical picture of the dust collection process in an experimental equipment with an on-load tap-changer; mathematical description of the condensation capture of fine dust; descriptions of the process of droplet distribution in the layer of turbulizing packing elements during upward movement of phases. As a result of calculations, an equation was obtained for determining the radius of a particle in the process of condensation of a vapor-gas-liquid system, which allows one to determine the further possibility of trapping particles due to the inertial or turbulent-diffusion mechanism in the device. An equation is obtained for calculating the diameter of liquid droplets formed during the crushing of liquid flows by turbulizing packing elements, which allows us to conclude that the phase contact surface is developed due to the pulsating movement of packing elements. Studies of the equipment with an on-load tapchanger allow us to speak about the possibility of its use for the complex cleaning of dust and gas emissions from heat power enterprises in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment.

Study of dust collection effectiveness in cyclonic-vortex action apparatus

The object of research is the efficiency of dust collection of fine dust in an apparatus with an intense turbulent mode of phase interaction. One of the most problematic areas of the existing dust and gas cleaning equipment is the low efficiency of collecting fine dust. Effective cleaning of exhaust gases from dust involves the use of multi-stage cleaning systems, including wet and dry dust cleaning devices, which entails high capital and operating costs. These disadvantages are eliminated in the developed design of the cyclone-vortex dust collector with two contact zones. The device implements both dry and wet dust collection mechanisms, which allows for high efficiency of dust removal at high productivity. The conducted studies of the total and fractional efficiency of dust collection when changing the operating parameters of the developed device showed that the efficiency of collecting fine dust is 98–99 %. The increase in the efficiency of dust collection in the dry stage of the device is due to an increase in centrifugal force. In the wet stage of contact, the efficiency reaches its maximum values due to the vortex crushing of the liquid in the nozzle zone of the apparatus. Studies of the fractional efficiency of the apparatus show that with an increase in the diameter of the captured particles, the efficiency of the dust collection process for dry and wet stages, as well as the overall efficiency, increases. With an increase in the density of irrigation, the overall efficiency of dust collection in the apparatus increases. It has been established that an increase in the efficiency of capturing highly dispersed particles occurs due to turbulent diffusion, the value of which is determined by the frequency of turbulent pulsations and the degree of entrainment of particles during the pulsating motion of packed bodies. To describe the results obtained, a centrifugal-inertial model for a dry contact stage and a turbulent-diffusion model of solid particle deposition for a wet contact stage are proposed, which make it possible to calculate the dust collection efficiency of the contact stages, as well as the overall efficiency of the cyclone-vortex apparatus. The results obtained show the prospects of using devices of this design at heat power plants and other industries.

Environmental impact assessment of industrial enterprises (on the example of objects of category I,II of environmental impact in the Samarkand region)

As a result, the implementation of measures to protect the atmosphere (the use of innovative technologies in the introduction of dust and gas cleaning equipment, the conversion of cars to gaseous fuel, the renewal of rolling stock, the implementation of the state program to reduce emissions), the stabilization of the environment is observed. It is necessary to carry out technical re-equipment of key sectors of the economy, the introduction of new technologies, as well as the stabilization and reduction of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. It is recommended to take additional measures to ensure that the amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere as a result of the operation of the facility does not exceed the permissible level, to install dust-collecting equipment that captures dust with high efficiency (up to 99.5%).

Using the profiled elements to increase electrocyclone effectiveness

The article is devoted to flue gas cleaning, using fly ash as an example. Electrocyclone can be employed as gas-cleaning equipment. The electrocyclone operation can be intensified by reducing re-entrainment. The laboratory model of the annular channel of the electrocyclone is used to show the possibility of reducing re-entrainment by using the shaped elements of various designs on the collecting electrodes. Aerosol industrial emissions can be reduced by using an electrocyclone with modified collecting electrodes.

Environmental efficiency of gas purification and ash collection in Russian mining and metallurgical industry

The problem of reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide from the flue gases of coal-fired TPPs is highly relevant for domestic energy in connection with the annual increase in coal production. This article analyzes statistical data in the field of coal mining, describes the current state in the field of gas purification and ash collection in the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation. To regulate pollutant emissions by stationary sources in Russia, a system of maximum permissible and temporarily agreed emissions (MPE and ENV) was introduced. The country takes part in international programs aimed at protecting the environment from the harmful effects of human activity. Despite the general dynamics of reducing air pollution in the Russian Federation, emissions from mining and metallurgical enterprises only increase. This is due to deficiencies in the technical condition and operation of dust and gas cleaning equipment at electric power enterprises. The main ones are the moral and physical deterioration of the equipment fleet, the need for reconstruction and modernization of devices. The average degree of flue gas cleaning from ash at Russian TPPs is 95.5 %, which is noticeably less than abroad. Efficiency of the gas treatment plants used does not meet modern environmental requirements. The flue gases at our TPPs are not cleaned from sulfur and nitrogen oxides; there are practically no devices for continuous monitoring of TPP emissions. The article provides the rationale for the transition of enterprises to the best available technologies (BAT) in the field of gas purification. The use of a gas conditioning system allows 30 – 40 % reduction in the amount of funds spent on the construction of electrostatic filters. In recent years, in connection with the advent of new technologies for burning coal, filters for the purification of hot gases made of ceramic materials have been created. We have analyzed the state of gas purification and ash collection in the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation and its impact on the atmosphere. An assessment of the current state of gas purification equipment at the enterprises was carried out.

Optimizing the Performance of Electroplating Gas-Cleaning Equipment

Electroplating industry has by-products, most of which are harmful. The paper considers the issue of removing aerosol emissions during chrome coating. We developed a droplet separator, which was granted a patent for a useful model. Based on the model, we proposed a stage-by-stage technical procedure for cleaning gas-air mixture to optimize the performance of gas-cleaning equipment during hard chrome coating. We calculated the amounts of water vapor and chromic anhydride which is released during chrome plating without cleaning and when using the developed procedure for gas mixture cleaning. We determined maximum surface concentrations of pollutants in exhaust gases after cleaning.

Оцінка викидів забруднюючих речовин на теплових електростанціях України

We proposed an algorithm for estimating the emission of pollutants (sulfur dioxide, dust, and nitrogen oxides) depending on the amount of supplied electric and thermal energy for each year of the operation of burning facility as a part of power unit or a boiler house. By this algorithm, we calculated the emission of sulfur dioxide at the Ukrainian thermal power plants (TPP) in 2017 and 2018. The results of calculations coincide with the available data of power plants and calculations by the standard procedure, based on using information about fuel consumption and its elemental composition. The values of SO2 concentration in dry flue gases of the Ukrainian TPP in 2017 and 2018 were 1520–5900 mg/nm3, and the gross SO2 emissions were about 620 thousand tons. The specific SO2 emissions at the Ukrainian TPP during last years take values of 14–15 g/kW h of supplied electricity as compared with the level for coal fired-power plants of EU countries of 1.2 g/kW h. This is explained by the absence of desulfurization facilities at the Ukrainian TPP and the high level of specific fuel consumption for the electricity production. By the proposed algorithm, we calculated the maximal emissions of SO2 according to the order of Ministry of Environmental Protection of Ukraine of February 16, 2018 No. 62. They were equal to 936.9 thousand tones. However, NERP envisions the decrease in SO2 emissions at the Ukrainian TPP to 51 thousand tones in 2018. Furthermore, after January 1, 2029, Ukraine must provide the satisfaction of required SO2 concentration in flue gases of Ukrainian TPP no higher that 200 mg/nm3 as follows from the Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions. The present-day level of SO2 concentration exceeds this limiting value by a factor of 8–25. To reach the European requirements, it is necessary to construct a modern gas-cleaning equipment with an efficiency no lower than 96%.

Syngas for biorefineries from thermochemical gasification of lignocellulosic fuels and residues\u20145\xa0years\u2019 experience with an advanced dual fluidized bed gasifier design

In many processes proposed for biorefineries, recycling procedures, and industrial or agricultural production processes, residue is generated which could be further transformed by thermochemical conversion via gasification. The technology of dual fluidized bed steam gasification is capable of producing a valuable product gas out of such residue. The generated nitrogen-free product gas can be used for heat and power production and is suitable for separating gases (e.g. hydrogen). However, if the product gas is cleaned, its use as syngas is more beneficial for manufacturing renewable chemical substances, like synthetic natural gas, methanol, Fischer–Tropsch liquids, or mixed alcohols. This paper presents the results of experimental research from gasification test runs of different biogenic fuels, carried out with an advanced 100 kW pilot plant over the last 5 years at TU Wien. The focus is to provide an overview of measured results validated by mass and energy balances and to present key calculated performance indicating key figures of the test runs. In this way, the influence of various operational parameters and the composition of the product gas are evaluated. The presented results form the basis for the proper design of suitable gas-cleaning equipment. Subsequently, the clean syngas is available for several synthesis applications in future biorefineries.

Новый высокоэффективный энергосберегающий комплекс газоочистного оборудования для проведения регулируемой очистки выбросов от машин и агрегатов металлургических производств

Новый высокоэффективный энергосберегающий комплекс газоочистного оборудования для проведения регулируемой очистки выбросов от машин и агрегатов металлургических производств

Production and laboratory testing of paper sludge and wood chips blend pellets

Pellets are not only made of wood or herbaceous plants. The use of various waste materials and their mixtures can also be used for energetic purposes. Waste pellets can be used in larger industrial plants or in combustion plants with appropriate flue gas cleaning and filtering equipment. During the research, pellets were produced of varying proportions of paper sludge and pine wood shavings as wood industrial by-products. The energetic properties of pellets and raw materials were investigated and extended our previous researches to produce an estimated energy balance for the use of paper sludge as pellet. The energy utilization of paper sludge is important because it is produced in large quantities in pulp and paper plants.

Новый высокоэффективный энергосберегающий комплекс газоочистного оборудования для проведения регулируемой очистки выбросов от машин и агрегатов металлургических производств

Новый высокоэффективный энергосберегающий комплекс газоочистного оборудования для проведения регулируемой очистки выбросов от машин и агрегатов металлургических производств

Regulator settings effect for high-current electronics on functional efficiency of gas cleaning system filters

The article considers different methods of influence and algorithms of gas-cleaning equipment operation used to capture particles from dust-gas flue gas streams of power plants operating on solid fuels. The article proves that if there is feedback then it is possible to achieve the highest performance indicators for gas cleaning filters of various types used in modern and modernized thermal power plants.

Mathematical Modeling of Gas-Cleaning Equipment with a Highly Developed Phase Contact Surface

Mathematical Modeling of Gas-Cleaning Equipment with a Highly Developed Phase Contact Surface

Measurements of ash emissions from a plant for burning of radioactively contaminated wood

The object of research is the efficiency of dust and gas treatment equipment for the removal of contaminated combustion products from the flue gases of the incinerator plant. One of the most problematic areas of the research facility is that when removing contaminated combustion products (ash) from flue gases, the efficiency of the dust and gas treatment equipment should ensure ash concentrations of up to 4 mg/m3 in the incinerator plant emissions.Investigations were conducted in Chornobyl, Ukraine on an incinerator plant equipped with a gas stream cleaning system, and includes coarse and fine cleaning. Application of two-stage cleaning allows to increase the efficiency of dust and gas cleaning equipment and to reduce emissions of radiation ash.In order to confirm the design requirement for gas cleaning equipment, in which flue gas filtration should provide ash emissions to 4 mg/m3, experimental measurements are made during the operation of the incinerator plant. Based on the results of measurements of dust and gas cleaning equipment, the maximum ash concentration is 3.76 mg/nm3, which meets the requirements.This plant plays an important role in reducing emissions and reducing the ecological load of the region and improving the environmental safety of Ukraine.

The effect of electric exposure on the gas cleaning systems filter efficiency

This article discusses different characteristics of dust-gas flow and electrical action algorithms of perceiving fields providing better gas cleaning in gas-cleaning equipment. We consider the most promising for the gas purification maximum degree to combine these algorithms into one system, and it can significantly increase the gas cleaning equipment efficiency.

Prospects for Implementing Best Available Technologies for Environmental Protection at Thermal Power Plants

The Russian regulations on the implementation of best available technologies for large fossil-fuel firing plants are reviewed. The importance of developing effective domestic firing technologies and gas-cleaning equipment for Russian thermal power plants is shown.