Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the main diseases causing morbidity and mortality globally, with oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation associated with oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. Cinnamomum migao is a Miao ethnomedicine that has been shown to provide relief from CHD symptoms. A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was used to determine the chemical components of ten batches of migao fatty oil (MFO), yielding a total of 35 chemical constituents. The antioxidant activity of MFO in vitro was assessed using the DPPH· and ABTS·+ assay methods, and both indicated good antioxidant activity. The network pharmacology predicted the active constituents of MFO and their therapeutic influence on the mechanism of oxidative damage-induced coronary heart disease (OD-CHD). Six compounds were discovered in MFO, including tau-cadinol acetate and dodecanoic acid, which may play a role in OD-CHD by acting on lipids and atherosclerosis, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, and other pathways. In conclusion, our study lays the foundation for investigating the use of MFO in the treatment of OD-CHD.