Gas Calorimeter Research Articles

New Ideas and Developments in Calorimetry

The challenges for calorimeter performance in the next decade are reviewed. Some new ideas for calorimeters are described: (1) the test of a parallel plate calorimeter; (2) the use of vacuum photodiodes for calorimeters operating in a magnetic field; (3) the attempt to build high pressure gas sealed tubes as ion chambers in hadron calorimeters; (4) the progress in the attempt to mold plastic loaded with heavy metal for the inert material in gas calorimeters; (5) the use of the limited streamer mode in calorimeters.

Development of pulse gas calorimeter for measuring vacuum-ultraviolet radiation

Development of pulse gas calorimeter for measuring vacuum-ultraviolet radiation

A New Condensed Gas Calorimeter. Thermodynamic Properties of Solid and Liquid Dinitrogen Oxide

Abstract A new adiabatic calorimeter for use with condensed gases from 1.8 K to room temperature has been constructed. The heat capacity of solid and liquid dinitrogen oxide was measured between 1.9 and 184 K together with the vapor pressure above 146 K. The residual entropy was re-evaluated as 6.0 J K−1 mol−1, which is now closer to R ln2, suggesting that the disorder of molecular end-for-end orientation is perfectly frozen in the solid state. The moments of lattice frequency spectrum were derived from low-temperature heat capacities and hightemperature vapor pressures. The anomalous increase of heat capacity below the triple point was interpreted as arising from thermal creation of orientational defects with the enthalpy of formation 10.8 kJ mol−1. Other thermodynamic quantities determined are as follows: triple point of pure N2O 182.407±0.002 K, heat of fusion 6516±20 J mol−1, entropy of fusion 35.7±0.1 J K−1 mol−1, heat of vaporization at 184.81 K and 101.7 kPa 16544±20 J mol−1, normal boiling point 184.74 K, translational zero-point energy 1.6±0.3 kJ mol−1, Debye temperature corresponding to 3N degrees of freedom 141.0±1.0 K.

A gas calorimeter for use at 10.6 μm

An SF 6 gas calorimeter has been developed and used operationally in a large aperture, multijoule, short-pulse, CO 2 laser system. Pressure rises rather than temperature rises are measured in the absorbing cell. Measured pressure sensitivities of 20 pascal/joule are in good agreement with the calculated values.

Junkers' Gas Calorimeters

Hereunder is the gist of my thesis on the cause of error apt to occur while handling a gas calorimeter of Junkers' type, and on our knowledge on a set of calorimeter imported from West Germany as well as on the literature on calorimeters published in Japan and other countries.

The constant‐volume heat capacities of gaseous perfluorocyclobutane and propylene

AbstractThe constant‐volume heat capacities of gaseous perfluorocyclobutane and propylene have been measured over a considerable range of temperatures and densities with a new type of adiabatic calorimeter. This calorimeter differs from previous constant‐volume gas calorimeters in having very thin walls and being equipped with an internal motor stirrer to provide temperature uniformity. The experimental results have been compared with the predictions of the Benedict‐Webb‐Rubin and Martin‐Hou equations, by use of published values of the zero‐pressure‐constant‐volume heat capacity. The over‐all agreement is satisfactory, with a maximum difference between the experimental and calculated heat capacities of 6.7%; however the comparison reveals several interesting systematic differences between the experimental and calculated values of the derivatives of the constant‐volume heat capacity with respect to temperature and density.

Accuracy of the cutler-hammer recording gas calorimeter when used with gases of high heating value

Accuracy of the cutler-hammer recording gas calorimeter when used with gases of high heating value

A portable water‐flow gas calorimeter

AbstractA new form of water‐flow gas calorimeter is described in which gas volumes are read with a soap‐film meter, and water volumes on a burete. The calorimeter is a silvered and evacuated resistance‐glass vessel. A new type of pump is used to supply air to the burner. The gross calorific value of a gas can be obtained in to minutes if the rates of flow of air, gas and water arc set correctly. The calorimeter was designed to give results correct to the nearest I3.Th.U. but an accuracy greater than this may he possible.

Condensed Gas Calorimetry. I. Heat Capacities, Latent Heats and Entropies of Pure Para-Hydrogen from 12.7 to 20.3°K. Description of the Condensed Gas Calorimeter in Use in the Cryogenic Laboratory of the Ohio State University1,2

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensed Gas Calorimetry. I. Heat Capacities, Latent Heats and Entropies of Pure Para-Hydrogen from 12.7 to 20.3°K. Description of the Condensed Gas Calorimeter in Use in the Cryogenic Laboratory of the Ohio State University1,2Herrick L. Johnston, John T. Clarke, Ellis B. Rifkin, and Eugene C. KerrCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 9, 3933–3938Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01165a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (688 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Heating Value of Natural Gas - Determination of Total and Net Values with a Water-Flow Gas Calorimeter

Heating Value of Natural Gas - Determination of Total and Net Values with a Water-Flow Gas Calorimeter

A new gas calorimeter : Rafael W. Keith. ( Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 58, No. 4

A new gas calorimeter : Rafael W. Keith. ( Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 58, No. 4

Physical and Chemical Apparatus

WE have received from Messrs. Griffin and Tatlock, Ltd., Kemble Street, Kingsway, W.C.2, a copy of their illustrated catalogue, No. 50 L, of scientific apparatus. This describes, in 900 pages or more, instruments and apparatus for the physical sciences, including mechanics, sound, heat, light and elec tricity, with the addition of laboratory fittings and a list of chemicals. The catalogue also contains a very useful classified list of standard textbooks and recent publications on all branches of physics, chemistry and general science. Of special interest to the teacher of physics is the “Microid Physical Series” comprising apparatus and instruments of new and improved design for demonstrating physical principles. This series contains more than one hundred items and we may instance as articles possessing novel features of interest the circular trolley and centrifugal force apparatus, an apparatus for finding “g”, a rotating platform for illustrating angular momentum (Pohl), the universal projector, spectrometer, and optical bench, the potentiometer and the earth inductor. A section on microscopy includes an inexpensive micro-projector and drawing apparatus for biological and other subjects. Among technical testing apparatus we find the Griffin-Sutton bomb calorimeter, the Boy's gas calorimeter, and also microid pyrometers. It is gratifying to find that British firms are now active in the design and construction of scientific apparatus.

Prof. C. V. Boys, F.R.S

PROF. C. V. BOYS, who is delivering the Guthrie Lecture of the Physical Society on May 4, is the doyen of physicists of what may be called the classical age of experimental physics. In one of his earliest researches he succeeded in photographing rifle bullets in flight. To Boys we owe the production of quartz fibres, those almost invisible threads having remarkable elastic properties which are indispensable in many galvanometers, etc. Boys produced them very simply by shooting an arrow, to which a short piece of partially fused quartz was attached, across the room, the unfused part being held behind. Employing these fibres, Boys was able to eliminate most of the errors of the Cavendish experiment and succeeded in weighing the earth with an accuracy neither before nor since surpassed. His experiments with bubbles set out in his fascinating book “Soap Bubbles and the Forces that mould them” are still an unfailing source of interest to old and young. Telescope design, sun dials and a camera for following a lightning flash throughout its course, have also occupied his attention. With the passage of the Gas Regulation Act, 1920, the design and construction of a calorimeter for measuring and recording the calorific value of towns' gas became a matter of urgency. Boys had already invented a gas calorimeter, but the step from a ‘snap’ test device to a recording instrument was a long one. Boys succeeded, however, in constructing such a recorder, and it has been in continuous use recording the calorific value of gas supplied in certain parts of the country. The instrument incorporates a very large number of most ingenious but typically ‘Boysian’ devices. To mention but one, a ‘thinking machine’ automatically corrects the volume of gas burnt in the calorimeter to normal temperature and pressure and continually records the correcting factor.

The Thomas recording gas calorimeter

The Thomas recording gas calorimeter

Sir Richard Threlfall and Sir Horace Darwin

MANY of us have read with much interest the understanding obituaries of Sir Richard Threlfall that appeared in NATURE of Aug. 13. Both obituaries dwell on his inventiveness and powers of work. When looking through some old papers to-day, I found a letter from Sir Richard to his friend the late Sir Horace Darwin. In the course of a conversation on a continuous gas calorimeter, which must have taken place about 1900, Darwin suggested that it was advisable to link up automatically the quantity of water heated by the gas flame with the quantity of gas burnt. Threlfall did this, and obtained a recording calorimeter which was far in advance of any other instrument for many years. The letter was evidently written by Threlfall to Darwin after one of the concentrated periods of work referred to in the first obituary notice. It was accompanied by a clear sketch and notes in Threlfall's handwriting.

The Thomas recording gas calorimeter

The Thomas recording gas calorimeter

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Fuel Research. Technical Paper No. 20. The thomas recording gas calorimeter

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Fuel Research. Technical Paper No. 20. The thomas recording gas calorimeter

A Recording Gas Calorimeter of the Flow Type1

A Recording Gas Calorimeter of the Flow Type¹

The Thomas Gas Calorimeter1: Factors Affecting Its Precision, Flexibility, and Reliability

The Thomas Gas Calorimeter¹: Factors Affecting Its Precision, Flexibility, and Reliability

A Recording and Integrating Gas Calorimeter

UNDERTAKINGS operating under the provisions of the Gas Regulation Act 1920, are required to deliver gas of a declared calorific value to consumers, and charges to individual consumers are to be based upon the value of the total thermal energy supplied to each. By calorific value is to be understood the number of B.Th.U. produced by the combustion of 1 cubic foot of gas measured at 60° F. under a pressure of 30 inches of mercury and saturated with water vapour. Under the Act, penalties are to be inflicted upon the gas undertaking, if on any day for a period of two hours or more the calorific value of the gas supplied is more than 6 per cent, below the declared calorific value, or if in any quarter the average calorific value is less than the declared calorific value. Embodied in Orders under the Act are clauses governing the price per therm (100,000 B.Th.U.) to be charged by individual gas undertakings, and the amount of dividend to be paid to proprietors, as regulated by this price. Such, in brief, are the main thermal clauses of the Gas Regulation Act 1920—the Charter of Liberty of the gas industry in this country, and the consumers' guarantee that gas undertakings must and will “deliver the goods.”