Garra Gotyla Research Articles

Cyprinid fauna (Cypriniformes) of River Panjkora, district Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

This study was conducted to assess Ichthyodiversity of family Cyprinidae in River Panjkora from January 2012 to December 2015. A total of 671 specimens representing 7 genera and 10 species were collected. Species collected were Barilius pakistanicus, Barilius vagra, Tor putitora, Crossocheilus diplocheilus, Garra gotyla, Schizothorax labiatus, Schizothorax esocinus, Schizothorax plagiostmus, Carassius auratus and Cyprinus carpio. Schizothorax plagiostmus was found to be the most abundant species with a relative density (RD) of 21.01 and relative frequency (RF) of 13.04. It was the only species qualifying the criterion to be ranked as eury species. Schizothorax esocinus was rare in the study area with a RD 0.45 and RF 2.17. Keywords: Cyprinidae; Schizothorax; River Panjkora; Eury species; Relative density; Relative frequency http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.600146

English

English

Scanning Electron Microscopic Surface Study of Adhesive organ of Garra gotyla gotyla (Gray)

An attempt to study the adhesive organ of Garra gotyla gotyla inhabiting hill streams of Aravalli region has been made using scanning electron micro-scope. The results were compared with that of scanning electron microscop-ic studies of the adhesive organ of G. gotyla gotyla of the Himalayan region. The SEM study reveals that the upper fringed lip (UFL)and the lower lip or the posterior free labial fold (PFLF) bears short stub shaped tubercles (ST). These tubercles in turn bear numerous spines (S). The tubercles are covered with squamous epithelium (SE) indicating that spines are modified squamous epithelial cells. The margins of stub-shaped tubercles bear smaller spines; their size increases from margin to the centre. The surface ultrastructure of the adhesive disc of G. gotyla gotyla revealed the presence of hexagonal epithelial cells with elevated cell boundaries. Each spine is attached to callous pad with a broad base. The spines are used for anchorage to the substratum so that fish can scrap food even in fast current of water. Tubercles are used by fish for protection against mechanical injuries. Further these may be taxo-nomically used for conspecific recognition. Cumulative action of tubercles and mucus enables the fish to make firm hold on the substratum.

Myxobolus bouixi Fomena, Folefack and Tang II, 2007 (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infection in a freshwater fish Garra gotyla inhabiting the Ranjit Sagar Wetland in Punjab, India

<i>Myxobolus bouixi</i> Fomena, Folefack and Tang II, 2007 (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) infection in a freshwater fish <i>Garra gotyla</i> inhabiting the Ranjit Sagar Wetland in Punjab, India

Fish diversity of Lohandra River, Biratnagar, Morang, Eastern Nepal

Nepal has great water resources supporting diverged aquatic flora and fauna, including varieties of freshwater fishes. Lohandra river is one of the major perennial river of Morang district, eastern Nepal, originating from Mahabharat hill. Fishes of the river were collected from September, 2014 to August, 2015 using local gears and cast net with the help of local fishermen and the collected fishes were preserved in 70% alcohol facing their head downward for taxonomic identification. The present paper deals with 51 fish species belonging to 38 genera, 20 families of 7 orders. The notable ichthyofauna of the river were Clarias batracus, Garra gotyla, Botia lohachata, Chagunius chagunio, Chaca chaca, Acanthocobotis botia, Lepidocephalus guntea. Colisa faciatus, Notopterus notopterus, Cirrhinus reba, C. mrigala, Labeo dero, L. cabasu, Salmostoma bacaila, Barilius bendelisis, B. barna, Crossocheilus latius latius, Mystus species, Ompok bimaculatus, Wallago attu, Chanda nama, Nandus nandus, Anabus testudineus, Channa orientalis, C. marulius, Catla catla, Monopterus cuchia, Clupisoma garua and Psilorhyncus sucatio. As Lohandra river was rich with ichthyofauna, the investigation of ecology and fishes of the river is recommended for the conservation of these fishes.

Heavy Metals in Garra gotyla , Cyprinus carpio and Cyprinion watsoni from the River Panjkora, District, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

This study was conducted in the River Panjkora, Pakistan, in order to assess the level of heavy metals accumulated in the liver, kidneys, gills and muscle tissues of three highly consumed fish species by the local community, Garra gotyla, Cyprinus carpio and Cyprinion watsoni. The heavy metals including manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) were determined in the collected fish specimens through an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Level of heavy metals significantly varied depending upon tissues type and fish species. Cyprinus carpio accumulated highest concentration of heavy metals, followed by Garra gotyla while Cyprinion watsoni accumulated least concentration of heavy metals. All the three species displayed significant differences in level of accumulated heavy metals. The order of accumulation in tissues was gills<muscles<kidney<liver. Cd and Ni were not detected in all collected specimens while Mn was not detected in the tissues of Cyprinion watsoni collected from the reference site.

Length-weight relationships of five fish species collected from Basistha River, a torrential river in Assam, India

Length–weight relationships (LWRs) are presented for five species, namely: Garra nasuta (McClelland, 1838); Garra gotyla gotyla (Gray, 1830); Devario aequipinnatus (McClelland, 1839); Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807) and Pseudolaguvia shawi (Hora, 1921) collected from the Basistha River, Guwahati, Assam, India. Information regarding LWR data for four of these species was not yet available in FishBase (Version 04/2015; Froese and Pauly, 2015).

Length-weight relationships of two cyprinid fish species, Crossocheilus latius (Hamilton, 1822) and Garra gotyla gotyla (Gray, 1830) from the Ganga River Basin, India

This study provides length–weight relationship (LWR) information for two fish species (family Cyprinidae), Crossocheilus latius (Hamilton, 1822) and Garra gotyla gotyla (Gray, 1830), from a tributary of the Ganga River Basin, India. Both species had no previous LWR estimates as per Fishbase 2014.

Genetic Diversity in Four Species of Coldwater Fishes (Family Cyprinidae) Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers and Implication for their Conservation

Information on the genetic profile of cultivable fish species is essential for studying molecular systematic and optimizing fisheries management and fish farming. In the Kumaun and Garhwal regions of Uttarakhand Himalayas, coldwater fish species (Cyprinidae) is widespread and endemic in the natural water bodies. The usefulness of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was examined as a potential tool to test the genetic relationship among four predominant fish species, viz., Tor putitora, Schizothorax richardsonii, Garra gotyla and Barilius bendelisis (Cyprinidae: Pisces). The samples were collected from two different geographical region of Kumaun and Garhwal of Uttarakhand. Species specific markers were observed using 10 mer random primers through RAPD-PCR assay. The statistical analysis of RAPD was performed with the software POPGENE version 1.31. The phylogenetic trees based on RAPD-PCR, by using 15 random primers, showed a consistent result of forming two separate monophyletic groups consisting of T. putitora with S. richardsonii and Garra gotyla with B. bendelisis. The present investigation concluded that these methods could be a valuable tool for studying molecular systematic and establishing the taxonomic position among cyprinids coldwater fish species of India.

Sex related haematological variations in hill stream fish Garra gotyla, from Jhajjar stream of Jammu region, India

Sex related haematological variations in hill stream fish Garra gotyla, from Jhajjar stream of Jammu region, India

Length-weight relationship and condition factor of an endemic stone sucker, Garra gotyla stenorhynchus (Jerdon, 1849) from two opposite flowing rivers in southern Western Ghats

Length weight relationship (LWR) and condition factor were studied in Nilgiri Garra, Garra gotyla stenorhynchus (Jerdon), from the rivers Chaliyar and Bhavani flowing through the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot. The regression equation for LWR of the Nilgiri Garra from Chaliyar River was estimated as Log Wt = 2.920 Log L - 1.854, while those from Bhavani River as Log Wt = 2.594 Log L - 1.538. Although, the ‘b’ value observed from west flowing Chaliyar River (2.920) was higher than that from east flowing Bhavani River (2.594), they were statistically insignificant. Similarly, the Condition Factor (K) was higher in Bhavani populations (2.177) compared to Chaliyar (2.087), but were also statistically insignificant. The results indicated that populations of G. gotyla stenorhynchus in Chaliyar River followed an isometric like growth pattern with ‘b’ values close to cubic law. However local populations of the same species in Bhavani River are under stress as indicated by comparatively lower ‘b values. This difference in ‘b’ value between the two river populations may be due to the differences in physical habitat features of the locations from where they were sampled, including altitude, physical habitat features, water quality and their combined influence on the availability of food materials as well as stock/population differences and yet to be identified stressors.

Fine structure of the organ of attachment of the teleost, Garra gotyla gotyla (Ham)

We describe the morphology of the attachment organ (AO) of the teleost, Garra gotyla gotyla (Cyprinidae). It is located ventrally around the mouth opening and used by the species for attachment to submerged rocks in sub-Himalayan streams and rivers where it lives. The AO consists of three crescentic parts and a central callus part. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the former to possess numerous tubercles, each of which bears about 23–27 curved spines. Light microscopy shows the epidermis of the tuberculated parts to possess one type of cell arranged into 7–8 rows. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals these cells to contain abundant tonofilaments (hence called the filament cells). The epidermis of the callus part possesses the filament cells and additionally mucous cells, which are absent in the tuberculated parts. The superficial epidermis is apparently keratinized (thickness: 5–8 μm), and a part of the cells of the outer row is modified into spines. These cells show a thick plasma membrane envelope and possess mucous granules (diameter: 0.1–0.3 μm) and bundles of tonofilaments. The cells of the inner two to four rows possess similar organelles and additionally, prominent Golgi bodies and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Immunohistochemically, the cells of the outer row and the spines stain positively for cytokeratin. The cells of the innermost rows (five to eight) possess few tonofilaments and no mucous granules. It is evident that the filament cells of the mid- to upper epidermis are specialized for the production of mucous granules and tonofilaments, which is unique for the teleost epidermis concerned. It appears that the tuberculated parts with spines assist in anchorage and interlocking with the substratum, while the central callus part probably utilizes both suction and frictional mechanisms, and mucous secretion protects the spines from damage during anchorage and abrasion.

Length-weight relationship of sucker head, Garra Gotyla Gotyla (Gray, 1830) in different rivers of Nepal and the influence of monsoon

Size structure data particularly that of length and weight is very important fisheries management tool, which is also applied to assess the health, habitat and integrity of the rivers. Nepal is tremendously rich in both fisheries and water resource and thus, this analysis is very important. However, this kind of analysis is not common in fisheries studies and hence the size structure information of all the fish in Nepal is wanting. This study simply tries to open the door for such studies with the study of the sucker head Garra gotyla gotyla, a very common fish in Nepal. The field observation was done in nine rivers of the country in all the seasons of the 2003 by using electrofishing gear. The length-weight relationship was found to vary both spatially and temporally among rivers and seasons respectively indicating different conditions in different rivers. The length weight relationship also showed some interesting facts about the seasonal cycle of the species indicating the period of growth and stress in different rivers. The monsoon event was found to be highly influential in this relationship.

Seasonal changes in the testes of a hill stream teleost, Garra gotyla (Gray).

The cephalic, middle and posterior regions of the testes in Garra gotyla are identical in structure and function. The spermatogenetic activity starts in the month of October reaching its peak in April and May. Spawning takes place in June and July followed by a brief resting period. Spermiation appears to be intermittent. Six stages of spermatogenesis have been described. New crop of germ cells appears to arise from the resting spermatogonia. Both the interstitial and the lobule boundary cells were observed. The gonosomatic index shows correlatation between the rise in water temperature and the volume of the testes.