Garole Sheep Research Articles

Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthoses in Garole sheep and selection of resistant and susceptible sheep using phenotypic indicator of gastrointestinal nematode resistance

Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthoses in Garole sheep and selection of resistant and susceptible sheep using phenotypic indicator of gastrointestinal nematode resistance

Uncovering genomic diversity and trait annotations in Garole sheep for improvement

Uncovering genomic diversity and trait annotations in Garole sheep for improvement

A study on productive performance of Garole sheep in Sundarban areas of West Bengal

A study on productive performance of Garole sheep in Sundarban areas of West Bengal

Histo-architecture of the small intestine of Garole sheep

Histo-architecture of the small intestine of Garole sheep

Characterization of interferon gamma gene in relation to immunological responses in Haemonchus contortus resistant and susceptible Garole sheep.

Garole sheep exhibits within-breed difference in resistance to natural gastrointestinal nematode infection predominated by Haemonchus contortus. In the present study, interferon gamma gene (IFN-γ) was characterized in relation to parasitological, haematological, and immune response against H. contortus in resistant and susceptible Garole sheep. Resistant and susceptible Garole sheep were selected from the field based on consistent low faecal egg counts (FEC) for one year and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFN-γ gene. The partial amplification of IFN-γ gene (1282bp) revealed 4 SNPs exclusively in resistant sheep and 3 SNPs were shared between resistant and susceptible Garole sheep. The selected resistant and susceptible Garole sheep were challenged with H. contortus infection. The parasitological, haematological, immunological responses, and expression of IFN-γ gene were compared between the resistant and susceptible Garole sheep. The FEC of resistant sheep was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the susceptible sheep infected with H. contortus. There was spontaneous elimination of H. contortus from 28 to 33days post infection (DPI) in resistant sheep. Haemoglobin and packed cell volume were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in resistant sheep than the susceptible sheep. The serum concentration of immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 and IgA and cytokine IFN-γ activity and also the expression of IFN-γ gene were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the infected resistant sheep from 14 to 28 DPI compared to the susceptible sheep. In resistant sheep, IgA and IgG1 and cytokine IFN-γ positively correlated with expression of IFN-γ gene, and the SNPs recorded in the resistant sheep only might play an important role in conferring resistance against H. contortus. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of IFN-γ gene in H. contortus resistance in Garole sheep.

Within Breed Resistance to Naturally Occurring Gastrointestinal Nematodoses in Garole Sheep of West Bengal, India

Background: Gastrointestinal (g.i.) nematodoses is the main constrain in sheep husbandry and control of g.i. nematodes is challenging due to anthelmintic resistance. Exploitation of host resistance could be an alternative approach to nematodes. Methods: Within breed resistance of Garole sheep to g.i. nematodoses was determined in terms of monthly faecal egg count (FEC), Hb concentration and PCV% in 4- 6-months-old Garole sheep (n=80) in South 24 Parganas district from April, 2018 to March, 2019. On the basis of 6 months’ FEC data sheep were divided into resistant and susceptible group and Hb and PCV were measured in 15 animals from each group at monthly interval. Result: The prevalence of g.i. nematodes was 70 per cent and Haemonchus contortus was the predominant species. The overall FEC in Garole sheep was 360.67 in terms of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces. Among the 80 Garole sheep 28 sheep showed persistent low FEC. The mean EPG of resistant group were 97.62 whereas, mean EPG of susceptible group were 502.31. In resistant sheep Hb and PCV did not vary whereas, in susceptible Hb and PCV reduced significantly (P less than 0.05) than the resistant sheep. Within breed resistance was present in Garole sheep and that could be utilized in selection of resistant breed.

Fatal haemonchosis (H. contortus) in Garole sheep at coastal region in Bangladesh

Among gastro intestinal nematodes, Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic parasites of small ruminant in many countries of the world, including Bangladesh. Garole breed of sheep are adapted to the hot coastal regions in Bangladesh, and able to graze on marshy land. Sheep farm of Grameen Jano Unnayan Sangstha (GJUS), Bhola, a coastal region of Bangladesh faced sudden lamb mortality during the period of May, 2019 to August, 2019. Routine investigation was performed and data were summarized to find out the etiology, control measures and possible risk factors. During investigation both clinical and management history, physical examination and necropsy were performed. Salient case history includes: only Garole lamb with poor body condition at hot and humid climate died. Important clinical manifestation is defecation of bad odoured scanty blackish faeces. Physical examination of affected sheep revealed anemia and submandibular edema. Necropsy findings showed numerous Haemonchus sp. and frank haemorrhage in the abomasum. For control, all affected sheep were treated with anthelmintic, Nitroxynil (Nitronex®) and other supportive therapy; 4 hour after injection with Nitronex® one sick lamb was died, that might be due to anthelmintic stress, and others recovered within 3-5 days. This is the first report on haemonchosis in Garole sheep at coastal regions of Bangladesh; it will help the sheep rearers in the region to take protective measures against the fatal haemonchosis.&#x0D; Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 107-112, April 2020

Direct and maternal effects models for variance components and genetic parameters estimation of growth traits in prolific Garole sheep

The objective of the study was to identify the mostsuitable model for estimation of (co) variance components and genetic parameters of different growth traits in prolific Garole sheep. Growth data of 1,058 Garole lambs born to 49 sires and 208 ewe was collected from ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute (ICAR-CSWRI), Avikanagar, India. The traits studied were birth weight (BWT), 3 month weight (3WT), 6 month weight (6WT), 9 month weight (9WT), 12 month weight (12 WT), average daily gain from birth to 3 month age (ADG1), average daily gain from 3 month to 6 month age (ADG2). Twelve different animal models were fitted to account for different direct genetic and maternal effects. Model including maternal permanent environmental effect, maternal temporary environmental effect and direct genetic effects (Model 8) was most appropriate model for BWT. For other traits model with direct genetic effect and common litter effect (Model 7) was found most suitable. From best model direct heritability estimates of 0.037±0.054, 0.148±0.075, 0.104±0.077, 0.079±0.083, 0.103±0.116, 0.137±0.072 and 0.045±0.071 were obtained for BWT, 3WT, 6WT, 9WT, 12WT, ADG1and ADG2, respectively. Maternal temporary environmental effect variance contributed highest to total phenotypic variance. It ranged from 0.347±0.040 for BWT to 0.451±0.083 for 9WT. Estimates of direct genetic correlation ranged from –0.047 for BWT-ADG1 to 1.00 for BWT-12WT, 6WT-12WT and 9WT-12WT. Phenotypic correlations were positive and varied from 0.119 for ADG1-ADG2 to 0.982 for 3WT-ADG1. The growth traits of Garole sheep have low to moderate heritability and were influenced by maternal temporary environmental effect due to sharing of common litter environment.

Genetic relationship among indigenous sheep population of Bangladesh

The study was conducted to investigate the genetic relationships among indigenous sheep population of Bangladesh (Barind, Jamuna river basin, Coastal and Garole sheep) using microsatellite markers. A total of 96 blood samples were collected from adult sheep of Barind (24), Jamuna River Basin (24), Coastal (24), Garole(10) and available Chotanagpuri (10) sheep. Chotanagpuri sheep was used as an outgroup population. DNA was extracted from blood samples using QIAGEN DNA Mini extraction kit and was quantified using a nanodrop. FAO recommended 13 labeled microsatellite markers were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR product was confirmed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by staining with ethidium bromide.The exact allele sizes in each primer were determined by GeneMaker V1.85 demo. Microsatellite tool kit and Dispan software package were used for calculation of allele frequency, number of alleles per locus, observed and expected heterozygosity and genetic distances (DA). The Dispan software was used to calculate inter-individual genetic distances. These distance values were used to construct an UPGMA tree. Results showed that average number of polymorphic alleles per locus varied from4 in HUJ616 to 12 in MAF70. Observed heterozygosity was also varied from 0.54±0.04 in Coastal to 0.63±0.03 in Barind sheep population. Genetic distance between Jamuna river basin and Barind was lowest (0.01) and between Garole and Costal was highest (0.17). Garoleand Chotonagpuri sheep has higher genetic distance from other three sheep populations. Phylogenetic dendogram showed that sheep of Jamuna river basin and barind were belonged to same genetic group. Whereas, coastal, garole and Nagpur sheeps were shown higher genetic distances from Jamuna river basin and coastal sheep. Considering findings of this study it may be concluded that the Barind and Jamuna river basin sheep belongs to a similar genetic group while, Garole and Coastal sheep are belonging to two distinct genetic groups.&#x0D; Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1): 17-22

Commercialization of meat production and marketing practices of garole sheep in West Bengal

Commercialization of meat production and marketing practices of garole sheep in West Bengal

Influence of fecundity gene on oestrus synchronization and gonadal steroid levels in booroola carrier and Non-Carrier ewes

Prolificacy in Garole sheep is due to the effect of a single point mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR-1B) and expressed in the granulosa cells and oocytes. The GMM (25% Garole-75% Malpura) sheep was developed by FecB introgression from Garole sheep. An experiment was conducted in the major breeding season (July-August, 2016) to study the oestrus synchronization response and plasma progesterone and oestradiol hormone concentrations in prolific GMM ewes (FecBBB), non-prolific GMM (FecB++) and Malpura ewes (FecB++). GMM strain was developed from Malpura (75%) and Garole (25%) breed so considered as control group for estrus response. A total of 28 ewes (carrier GMM (n=9), non-carrier GMM (n=10) and Malpura (n=9)) were synchronized with progesterone impregnated intravaginal sponges. It was observed that the proportion of ewes that exhibited oestrus did not differ significantly between the carrier and non-carrier GMM ewes; however, the oestrus response was early in carrier GMM compared to non-carrier GMM and Malpura ewes. The interval time for the onset of oestrus was non-significantly lower in carrier GMM (32.00±5.93) as compared to noncarrier GMM (36.00±3.70h) and Malpura (39.43±3.43h) ewes. The duration of oestrus did not differ significantly between the genotypes. The plasma progesterone concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in carrier GMM ewes (2.73±1.29ng/ml) as compared to non-carrier GMM ewes (1.28±0.62ng/ml). The oestradiol concentration was significantly higher (P<0.001) in non-carrier GMM (181.95±30.38pg/ml) as compared to carrier GMM ewes (124.43±15.87pg/ml). The results indicated that the FecB mutation alters the circulating concentration of progesterone and estradiol in Booroola carrier GMM (FecBBB) ewes.

Evaluation of serum electrolyte concentrations in Garole sheep of Sundarban region

Garole sheep is very popular for its biannual lambing and disease resistance characters. To evaluate some selected serum electrolytes (Na, K and P) ions in apparently healthy Garole sheep at Sundarban region under Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira district, blood samples were collected from 20 Garole sheep (8 males and 12 females) of aged about 6-48 months containing male lambs, rams, female lambs, pregnant ewes and lactating ewes according to the age, sex and physiologic status. Serum was separated and used for biochemical analysis for the measurement of target serum electrolytes. The results of the range and mean ± standard error (SE) of serum electrolytes are as follows: sodium 280-400 ppm and 342.96±7.19 ppm, potassium 30-55 ppm and 34.37 ± 0.72 ppm and phosphorus 40-90 ppm and 70.98 ±1.76 ppm respectively. The significant differences (P&lt;0.05) between males and females in serum ions levels was recorded. It can be concluded that Na, K and P ion level in serum was higher in male than female and significant differences in ion level varies according to physiologic status of female Garole sheep.&#x0D; Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(3): 351-358, December 2018

Growth performance and effect of non-genetic factors affecting growth traits in Garole sheep

Growth performance and effect of non-genetic factors affecting growth traits in Garole sheep

Genetic parameters for direct and maternal effects on birth weight of garole sheep

Genetic parameters for direct and maternal effects on birth weight of garole sheep

Effect of pellet from total mixed ration on growth performance, blood metabolomics, carcass and meat characteristics of Bangladeshi garole sheep

Six indigenous Bangladeshi Garole sheep (Ovis aries) (BW: 8±0.5 kg; Age: 1yr) were divided into two groups using a randomized block design to investigate the effect of total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feeding on growth parameter, blood metabolomics, carcass and meat characteristics. Control diet was composed of road side grass, rice straw, wheat bran, mustard oil cake, molasses, common salt which considered as loose total mixed ration (L-TMR) and treatment diet was pelleted form of L-TMR (P-TMR).In both the dietary treatments the animals were fed at 1.5 times of maintenance energy and protein requirement. P-TMR revealed a positive impact (p &lt; 0.05) on live weight gain and feed conversion ratio than L-TMR. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible crude fibre (DCF) was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) in P-TMR group whereas there was no significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) in other digestible nutrients as well as plasma metabolites like plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol concentration between two dietary group. Dressing percentage and eye muscle area was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) in P-TMR group but no significant difference was found between dietary treatments in term of disposition of body fat, proximate composition of mutton, all the sensory parameters except tenderness and overall acceptability. So, it could be concluded that, the P-TMR might be fed to sheep for better growth performance and higher meat production rather than production of functional mutton.Progressive Agriculture 28 (3): 222-229, 2017

Growth and prolificacy performance of Garole sheep raised under semi-arid conditions

The growth and prolificacy performance of Garole sheep reared under semi-arid conditions at ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan was evaluated in the present study. The body weight records of 1,058 lambs and prolificacy records of 624 ewes collected over a period of 19 years (1997-2015) were analyzed. The overall least squares mean for body weights at birth (BWT), 3 month (3WT), 6 month (6WT), 9 month (9WT), 12 month (12WT), pre-weaning (0-3 month) average daily gain (ADG1) and post weaning (3-6 month) average daily gain (ADG2) were 1.18±0.02 kg, 6.42±0.12 kg, 9.87±0.18 kg, 11.77±0.25 kg, 13.74±0.32 kg, 56.87±1.22 g and 40.19±1.39 g, respectively. The effect of sex of lamb, period of birth and dam weight at lambing were significant for all growth traits. Significant variation in growth performance, multiple birth and litter size was observed over the period. The body weight and average daily gain of Garole sheep improved over the years. In last 15 years, improvement ranging from 19.56 to 29.51% was observed for various growth traits studied. The multiple births in Garole ewes were 58.01% with a litter size of 1.68 at birth. The prolificacy and litter size in semi-arid conditions were similar to the native tract especially in initial period. Period of lambing and weight of dam at lambing significantly affected litter size at birth. Results showed that Garole performed well in the semiarid conditions and can be successfully reared in these conditions with updated management.

Quantification and expression studies of IL-13 gene in response to experimental infection with Haemonchus contortus in Garole and Sahabadi sheep.

To evaluate the role of IL-13 gene in Garole/Sahabadi sheep against resistant/susceptibility to Haemonchus contortus five Garole sheep (Group I) with consistently showing low egg per gram of faeces (EPG) (≤150) and another five Garole sheep (Group II) with high EPG (≥500) were selected and fed orally with active H. contortus third stage (L3) larvae at the dose rate of 500 larvae/kg body weight. Five Sahabadi sheep (Gr-III) known susceptible to H. contortus were also challenged with the same dose as the previous groups. Blood was collected from each group on day 0, 7 and 14days post infection (dpi). The serum level of IL-13 cytokine was evaluated by ELISA at different days of post infection. The ovine IL-13 was partially isolated and the RNAm level of IL-13 expression was studied by real-time PCR at different days post infection. In the resistant Garole sheep (Gr-I) the concentration of IL-13 cytokine increased significantly (P≤0.05) 14days PI compared to susceptible Garole (Gr-II)/Sahabadi (Group-III). In similar way the relative expression of IL-13 in group I (Gr-I) was found more than seven fold higher than Gr-II and Gr-III on 14 dpi. The Th2 type immune response to H. contortus characterized by higher serum level of IL-13 cytokine and IL-13 gene expression indicated that IL-13 gene plays a vital role for the reduced establishment and/or survival of established H. contortus in resistant Garole sheep.

Expression Analysis of Genes Associated with Prolificacy in FecB Carrier and Noncarrier Indian Sheep

ABSTRACTThe effect of FecB mutation on the gene expression in FecB carrier and noncarrier estrous synchronized ewes, has been analyzed. For this study the whole ovarian tissues and Graafian follicles were collected from estrus synchronized FecB carrier Garole, and non-carrier Deccani Indian sheep, showing remarkable differences in the numbers of preovulatory follicles among two groups. Eleven potential candidate genes (BMP15, GDF9, BMP4, BMP7, BMPR1B, BMPR1A, SMAD9, LHCGR, FSHR, IGF1R, and STAT5) were selected for their expression analysis by SybrGreen based real-time PCR, across ovaries and Graafian follicles of different fecundity groups, for having better insights into the effect of FecB genotypes on follicular development. Variable expression was observed for almost all the genes included in the present study among high and low fecundity groups that was most significant for the BMP7, BMP4, LHCGR, and FSHR transcripts in the ovarian follicles of high and low fecundity ewes, indicating their importance in governing the fecundity in FecB carrier, Indian Garole sheep. BMP4 expression among the genes studied was significantly higher in FecB carrier Garole sheep. This study confirms the changes in mRNA expression of the genes implicated in follicular development in FecB carrier and noncarrier Indian sheep breeds.

Experimental assessment of arsenic toxicity in garole sheep in India

Abstract Arsenic, a dangerous bio-accumulative poison, is a grave threat affecting a large number of people as well as animals throughout the World, particularly in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. It is also a matter of concern as continuously entering into food chain through biotic and abiotic products. The present study was conducted to evaluate the experimental effect of arsenic toxicosis on Garole sheep of West Bengal. One group was subjected to oral arsenic exposure @ 6.6 mg Kg−1 over 133 days when rests considered as negative control. Periodical arsenic estimation in wool, urine and feces along with hemato-biochemical alteration were checked thoroughly. It was evident from the study that long term arsenic exposure exerted a significant (p

Booroolo allele segregation inGaroleMaluro and GM sheep

Garole Sheep of west Bengal (India) is known to carry mutation in an autosomal gent FecB (Boraola allel or FecB + ) on ovine chromosome 6. The mutation is known to affect Ovulation rate and in turn litter size in Garole sheep. The mutated allel is hypothesized to be the original genotype of the breed and by this virtue the sheep produces twins, triplets and quadruplets. To incorporate the character of higher prolificacy in mutation type non-prolific Malpura sheep of semi-arid region of Rajasthan, Garole sheep was used as sire breed in FecB introgression programme started in 1997 at Central sheep and wool Research Institute, Avikanagar. Presence of FecB allel was detected in Garole and GM sheep. The genotype frequencies of homozygous carriers (FecB B+ ) were 0.41 and 0.11 in Garole and GM, respectively. The corresponding Figures for heterozygous (Fecb B+ ) were 0.48 and 0.60 in Garole and GM, respectively.