Abstract
Among gastro intestinal nematodes, Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic parasites of small ruminant in many countries of the world, including Bangladesh. Garole breed of sheep are adapted to the hot coastal regions in Bangladesh, and able to graze on marshy land. Sheep farm of Grameen Jano Unnayan Sangstha (GJUS), Bhola, a coastal region of Bangladesh faced sudden lamb mortality during the period of May, 2019 to August, 2019. Routine investigation was performed and data were summarized to find out the etiology, control measures and possible risk factors. During investigation both clinical and management history, physical examination and necropsy were performed. Salient case history includes: only Garole lamb with poor body condition at hot and humid climate died. Important clinical manifestation is defecation of bad odoured scanty blackish faeces. Physical examination of affected sheep revealed anemia and submandibular edema. Necropsy findings showed numerous Haemonchus sp. and frank haemorrhage in the abomasum. For control, all affected sheep were treated with anthelmintic, Nitroxynil (Nitronex®) and other supportive therapy; 4 hour after injection with Nitronex® one sick lamb was died, that might be due to anthelmintic stress, and others recovered within 3-5 days. This is the first report on haemonchosis in Garole sheep at coastal regions of Bangladesh; it will help the sheep rearers in the region to take protective measures against the fatal haemonchosis.
 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 107-112, April 2020
Highlights
Sheep is an excellent domestic ruminant that can convert a variety of food such as weeds, grasses, shrubs, roots, cereals, leaves and barks into meat and wool (Sahana et al, 2001).Garole breed of sheep is very popular for its prolificacy, lambing frequency, disease resistance capacity and good quality wool and skin (Banerjee et al 2010).Garole sheep is well suited with salinity and different sorts of animal husbandry in the coastal region of Indian subcontinent, including Bangladesh
Haemonchosis occurs in small ruminant throughout the years, it becomes higher during the warmest summer months, and the first outbreaks are normally seen in late June, increasing until August, and gradually decline in August(Islam et al, 2017; Nahar et al, 2015)
This parasite losses 0.05ml blood per day leading to serious health effects such as anemia, submandibular edema (Taylor et al, 2007).Due to its blood feeding behavior and rapid development in suitable environment, H. contortus is a frequent cause of mortalities in sheep and goats, especially in young animals(Taylor et al, 2007).Sheep become infected with the ingestion of L3 contaminated feed that eventually moults to L4 and L5, and mature to adult stage in the abomasum; all these stages of the parasite able to loss host’s blood by both direct feeding of blood and producing haemorrhage after the parasites detach from the feeding site (Getachew et al, 2007)
Summary
Sheep is an excellent domestic ruminant that can convert a variety of food such as weeds, grasses, shrubs, roots, cereals, leaves and barks into meat and wool (Sahana et al, 2001).Garole breed of sheep is very popular for its prolificacy, lambing frequency, disease resistance capacity and good quality wool and skin (Banerjee et al 2010).Garole sheep is well suited with salinity and different sorts of animal husbandry in the coastal region of Indian subcontinent, including Bangladesh. Haemonchosis occurs in small ruminant throughout the years, it becomes higher during the warmest summer months, and the first outbreaks are normally seen in late June, increasing until August, and gradually decline in August(Islam et al, 2017; Nahar et al, 2015) This parasite losses 0.05ml blood per day leading to serious health effects such as anemia, submandibular edema (bottle jaw) (Taylor et al, 2007).Due to its blood feeding behavior and rapid development in suitable environment, H. contortus is a frequent cause of mortalities in sheep and goats, especially in young animals(Taylor et al, 2007).Sheep become infected with the ingestion of L3 contaminated feed that eventually moults to L4 and L5, and mature to adult stage in the abomasum; all these stages of the parasite able to loss host’s blood by both direct feeding of blood and producing haemorrhage after the parasites detach from the feeding site (Getachew et al, 2007). This article gives a comprehensive description of lamb mortality caused by H. contortus, treatment responses and identification of possible risk factors for successful control of the disease
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