Types Of Garments Research Articles

Comparison of actual and virtual pressure of athletic clothing in active poses

PurposeThe circular design process in contemporary fashion design, from two-dimensional (2D) sketching and pattern making to three-dimensional (3D) prototypes, can be facilitated by virtual prototyping. Virtual pressure representations on avatars provide visual and quantitative information regarding garment fit and comfort, which are particularly important for active wear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the benefits of using avatars in active poses from 3D body scans and the use of digital 3D tools for the design process and the prediction of fit of active wear.Design/methodology/approachThis research initially explores virtual fit of cycling wear in active poses and compares the actual pressure values from humans with virtual pressure maps on custom avatars made from body scans in cycling poses across a range of sizes.FindingsSimilar fit results were achieved visually in both the standing and cycling poses. However, the comparisons showed no correlation between the actual and virtual pressure data. Of the 32 cases representing different combinations of the parameters of this research (four sizes, two garment types, four active poses), the differences were significant. The results suggest that, rather than providing a direct correlation with pressure values on the body, the main value of avatar data is in providing comparative visual support for fit evaluation.Originality/valueThe approach taken in this research, which considers the active pose and the size range, potentially contributes to the improvement of virtual fit technology, and its more effective use in apparel product development and fit evaluation.

Particle and bacterial colony emissions from garments and humans in pharmaceutical cleanrooms

Particles and bacteria released from operators in pharmaceutical cleanrooms significantly impact the quality of pharmaceutical products. Therefore, it is necessary to study particle and bacteria emissions from operators and their garments. This paper presents the results of experimental measurements of numbers of particles and bacterial emissions from integrated and split cleanroom garments, under different movement types and laundry conditions. The experiment demonstrated that the emission rate of 0.5 μm particles from split-type garments is approximately 2.0–3.5 times higher than that of integrated cleanroom garments, and 7.0–22.7 times for 5.0 μm particles. The particle emission rate of humans is closely related to the movement types, number of laundry cycles, and garment types. The maximum particle emission rates were obtained when wearing split cleanroom garment after 100 washes and performing knee bend, with 654603 P/min for 0.5 μm and 27185 P/min for 5.0 μm particles, respectively. The particle emission rate of humans is mainly caused by personnel movement, since the emission rate of garments accounts for at most 3.89 %. The bacteria colony of humans increases with the increase of laundry cycles of cleanroom garments. The maximum bacteria colony of integrated and split cleanroom garment were 4 CFU/plate and 9 CFU/plate with the laundry cycles of 100 times. The quantitative results of bacteria and particles emitted from pharmaceutical cleanroom operators are expected to ensure drug quality during production.

STYLESYNC: A FASHION RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM

Our project focuses on an AI-powered Fashion Recommendation System tailored to assist users in curating outfits for diverse occasions. Users upload clothing images to create individualized wardrobes. Employing machine learning and deep learning, our system accurately classifies clothing types and identifies colors within these images. The core of our innovation lies in a sophisticated recommendation algorithm. By analyzing users' existing wardrobes, including garment types and colors, our algorithm delivers personalized outfit suggestions aligned with users' style preferences and specific event needs. The interface prioritizes user-friendliness, enabling seamless wardrobe management and presenting users with well-matched outfit recommendations. Continuous refinement through user feedback ensures ongoing enhancement of recommendation accuracy, user experience, and machine learning model performance. In summary, our AI-driven Fashion Recommendation The system aims to streamline the process of dressing for diverse occasions, offering personalized outfit suggestions based on individual wardrobes, thus empowering users with convenient and stylish clothing choices. Keyword – fashion-recommendation, Feature extraction, recommendation system, data analysis, transfer-learning, javascript, python, bootstrap, npm, machine learning, computer vision, deep-learning, reactjs, material-ui, sklearn, Collaborative Filtering, Content-Based Filtering, Deep Learning, Feature Extraction, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Image Recognition.

Neural Garment Dynamics via Manifold‐Aware Transformers

AbstractData driven and learning based solutions for modeling dynamic garments have significantly advanced, especially in the context of digital humans. However, existing approaches often focus on modeling garments with respect to a fixed parametric human body model and are limited to garment geometries that were seen during training. In this work, we take a different approach and model the dynamics of a garment by exploiting its local interactions with the underlying human body. Specifically, as the body moves, we detect local garment‐body collisions, which drive the deformation of the garment. At the core of our approach is a mesh‐agnostic garment representation and a manifold‐aware transformer network design, which together enable our method to generalize to unseen garment and body geometries. We evaluate our approach on a wide variety of garment types and motion sequences and provide competitive qualitative and quantitative results with respect to the state of the art.

From postconsumer cotton towels to new cotton textile fibers

AbstractThe chemical recycling of cotton towels via the Ioncell® technique is demonstrated. Cotton is the most common natural fiber. The season's value jumped 31% to 54.3 billion US$ in 2020/2021, and annually the average value in quota‐free periods accounts to 46.3 billion US$. Consequently, enormous amounts of cotton wastes are emerging. Especially, European countries are forced by the new legislation of the union to develop new recycling strategies. Due to uncountable cotton applications, various types of garments exist, which require different recycling strategies. The recycling of an additional cotton waste side stream of Lindström Oy white pre and dyed and white postconsumer cotton roll towels was pursued. The mechanical properties of the fibers and yarns have been evaluated. Thereby, the following elongations and tenacities of conditioned fibers produced at DR11 have been achieved: 10.4%/59.5 cN/tex for preconsumer and 10.6%/60.4 cN/tex for postconsumer white cotton, 10.4%/60.0 cN/tex for postconsumer blue cotton. The achieved elongations at break are close to values reported in literature (7%–14%), however, the tenacities exceed reported values (40–58 cN/tex). Highly oriented fibers of high quality have been produced and with regards to the mechanical properties, a technique to perform fiber‐to‐fiber upcycling is illustrated.

A comprehensive evaluation of marker-based, markerless methods for loose garment scenarios in varying camera configurations

In support of smart wearable researchers striving to select optimal ground truth methods for motion capture across a spectrum of loose garment types, we present an extended benchmark named DrapeMoCapBench (DMCB+). This augmented benchmark incorporates a more intricate limb-wise Motion Capture (MoCap) accuracy analysis, and enhanced drape calculation, and introduces a novel benchmarking tool that encompasses multicamera deep learning MoCap methods. DMCB+ is specifically designed to evaluate the performance of both optical marker-based and markerless MoCap techniques, taking into account the challenges posed by various loose garment types. While high-cost marker-based systems are acknowledged for their precision, they often require skin-tight markers on bony areas, which can be impractical with loose garments. On the other hand, markerless MoCap methods driven by computer vision models have evolved to be more cost-effective, utilizing smartphone cameras and exhibiting promising results. Utilizing real-world MoCap datasets, DMCB+ conducts 3D physics simulations with a comprehensive set of variables, including six drape levels, three motion intensities, and six body-gender combinations. The extended benchmark provides a nuanced analysis of advanced marker-based and markerless MoCap techniques, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses across distinct scenarios. In particular, DMCB+ reveals that when evaluating casual loose garments, both marker-based and markerless methods exhibit notable performance degradation (>10 cm). However, in scenarios involving everyday activities with basic and swift motions, markerless MoCap outperforms marker-based alternatives. This positions markerless MoCap as an advantageous and economical choice for wearable studies. The inclusion of a multicamera deep learning MoCap method in the benchmarking tool further expands the scope, allowing researchers to assess the capabilities of cutting-edge technologies in diverse motion capture scenarios.

Products and Technique of Textile in Idu Mishmi Tribe

This article is an attempt to study the various types of textile production and its technique in Idu Mishmi Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. The textile production in this tribe is done manually by using simple tools and implements of bamboo and wood. It also discuss about various types of garments being produced by weavers for both male and female, challenges being faced by them in terms of revenue and cost of production.

GSNet: Generating 3D garment animation via graph skinning network

The goal of digital dress body animation is to produce the most realistic dress body animation possible. Although a method based on the same topology as the body can produce realistic results, it can only be applied to garments with the same topology as the body. Although the generalization-based approach can be extended to different types of garment templates, it still produces effects far from reality. We propose GSNet, a learning-based model that generates realistic garment animations and applies to garment types that do not match the body topology. We encode garment templates and body motions into latent space and use graph convolution to transfer body motion information to garment templates to drive garment motions. Our model considers temporal dependency and provides reliable physical constraints to make the generated animations more realistic. Qualitative and quantitative experiments show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art 3D garment animation performance.

Giyinmeyle İlgili Hadis Rivayetleri Bağlamında Giyim-Şöhret İlişkisi

Humans have an innate need to cover and dress. Although the nature of clothes varies according to beliefs and cultures, clothing has been a source of concern for Muslims who have achieved Muslim identity since the Prophet Muhammad's revelation. The Prophet, who is a guide for Muslims in all matters, is also an example for Muslims in clothing. This exemplarity includes the Prophet's clothing ethics extending beyond garment types to cover. I will underline the concept of vanity in the relevant narrations in this context. Although there are studies on clothing during the Prophet's time period, there needs to be a study on dealing with the concept of vanity in clothing. The fundamental premise of this study is the Prophet Muhammad's hadith, which states that "whoever wears a garment of vanity, Allah will make him wear a garment of humiliation on the Day of Resurrection." I will explain which aspects of clothes will be regarded vanity based on the narrations dealing with the relationship between clothing and vanity. The transfer of vanity dress traits, as well as the types of dresses in the Prophet's time, is significant in determining the requirements set by Islam on clothing. The Prophet's statements about the colour, pattern, and fabric of the clothes in his time have an important place in determining the clothing style of today's Muslims. In this research, it is aimed to contribute to the elimination of the deficiencies and weaknesses of today's people in this regard by determining the limits of the relationship between clothing and vanity according to the Prophetic principles. In this research, I will analyze the data obtained by using the documentation method within the framework of this subject in the context of narration and vanity. The Prophet's statements about the color, design, and fabric of clothing in his period have a significant impact on the clothing style of today's Muslims. The goal of this research is to contribute to the removal of today's people's flaws and weaknesses in this regard by identifying the limits of the relationship between clothes and vanity according to Prophetic principles. In this study, I will investigate the data gathered by employing the documentation method within the context of narration and vanity. In the analysis phase, I have used commentaries such as Imam al-Nawawī's (d. 676/1277) al-Minhāj, Ibn Hajar al-Askalānī's (d. 852/1448) Fatḥ al-Bārī and Abū al-Tayyib Shams al-Haq al-Azīmābādī's (d. 1329/1911) 'Awn al-Ma'būd. In terms of the relationship between clothing and vanity, explaining the concept of "vanity" in the narration is critical. The Prophet gives warnings and explanations concerning the features of the dress worn rather than adopting a specific form of dress. The vanity dress is one that is unusual in color, model, and fabric from what most people wear while also making the wearer famous, among others. This dress may have characteristics that draw people's attention, arouse adoration, and lead to arrogance. As a result, the Prophet's hadiths contain severe cautions for individuals who wear a dress for vanity. In addition to eye-catching clothes, the garments worn by a person to convince others of his poverty are also considered within the purview of the 'dress of vanity'. Both aim for arrogance and showing off. The Prophet forbade wearing garments for vanity because it breeds hubris. The fact that both valuable and worthless clothes are included in the definition of vanity dress demonstrates that intention is also significant in clothing. During my investigation, I came to the conclusion that the vanity dress is one that is worn with the goal of showing off and being arrogant. The Prophet's era embraced the over-the-heels attire, which reflected arrogance, as an element of showing off and vanity. Taking into account the sociocultural characteristics of the society in which we live, the garments worn with the goal of arrogance and vanity, as well as producing prestige, can be appraised in this context today.

Study on the functional relationship between pressure and displacement with time for waist of elastic legwear using FEM

PurposeThe inward displacement perpendicular to the body surface produced by compression garment is an important index to evaluate pressure comfort and optimal design of tight clothing products. The purpose of this study is to explore the pressure distribution state at waist position of elastic legwear and then to solve the common problem of excessive pressure or easy slippage for waist of elastic legwear.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors obtained the waist cross-section model of human body using CT scanning and mimics modeling and then simulated the pressure and displacement distribution after wearing sample four elastic legwear using finite element method. The dressing process of elastic legwear was divided into six periods (instantaneous, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h) in this study, and the finite element software ANSYS was used to simulate the displacement and deformation of the waist cross section. The authors finally obtained the functional relationship between pressure/displacement ratio and angle using curve fitting.FindingsIn this paper, the authors obtained the functional relationship between pressure/displacement ratio and angle using curve fitting. Comparison found that the “pressure/displacement–angle” function curve showed an almost consistent trend at any time. That was to say, when the human body was in the state of clothing pressure, the corresponding displacement value of the human body can be calculated by the curve equation under the premise of known pressure value.Originality/valueThis study solves the difficult problem which hard to measure displacement values by conventional methods due to the small deformation of the human body after dressing the compression garment. Conclusions also provide a theoretical reference for evaluating pressure comfort and optimizing clothing structure for the elastic legwear, and this method is also applicable to other types of compression garment.

Evaluating the current Norwegian clothing system and a circular alternative

The textile industry is causing environmental impacts, driven by consumption patterns and fast fashion. Here we explore how the closing of material loops can decrease the environmental impacts of clothing consumption. We analyze the clothing system of Norwegian households in 2018 by combining material flow analysis and life cycle assessment. We map the flows to explore this linear system, where most garments are acquired new and leave the system through incineration or export. We develop an alternative scenario, where the circularity increases from 5% to 74%, considering consumer willingness to rent various garment types or buy them secondhand. We reduce the climate change impacts by 57%, water scarcity by 62%, and cumulative energy demand by 47% by assuming a proper set-up of the alternative system and a change in shopping and disposal behavior. Such measures allow to keep the same consumption levels; further reductions require lowering the number of acquisitions.

Estimating local thermal insulation of clothing garments: Modelling and application

Clothing influences the heat exchange between the human body and the environment, and the thermal resistance of clothing is typically unevenly distributed across different body parts. The determination of local clothing insulation values is critical for the operation of multi-segment human thermoregulation models to obtain accurate thermophysiological parameters. As current standards only consider overall clothing insulation for the entire body, estimating local clothing insulation in field studies and human experiments remains difficult. In this study, a method for estimating the local thermal insulation values of garments using their overall insulation values was proposed, and its practical application for determining local insulation of ensembles was further presented. Eight garment types (excluding female-specific garments such as skirts and bras) were classified according to the main covered area of the human body. Based on the thermal manikin test results of 75 garments, prediction models for local insulation at different body parts were developed for various types of garments using the overall insulation values. For practical applications, the estimation method was applied to typical garments in the ISO 7730 standard to obtain reference local insulation values. The local insulation of ensembles can finally be calculated by combining the regression models between the local insulation of the ensemble and the sum of the local insulation of the contained garments. This study can help determine standardized local clothing insulation, providing validated input parameters for heat transfer analysis of the human-clothing-environment system and local thermal comfort research.

Exploring the Quotidian: An Analysis of Plain-Weave Textiles at Cerro de Oro, Peru, during the Sixth to Tenth Centuries

AbstractAndean prehispanic textiles are renown for being complex masterpieces made with labor-intensive techniques and high-quality raw materials. Nevertheless, the vast majority of textiles, those used by the population at large, were plain, simple, and without any decoration. We study a sample composed of the most common textiles used by people living at Cerro de Oro in the Cañete Valley, Peru. Our analysis focuses on fiber selection, yarn thickness, and the presence of errors throughout the process of weaving. We discuss relevant aspects of the social process of textile production, such as the role played by plain-weave textiles in different contexts, their use in different types of garments, and the varied ways community members, with particular skill levels, participated in clothing the living and the dead at Cerro de Oro.

A study on the occurrence of glass and paint across various cities in the United States–Part II: Background presence of paint in the general population

The frequency of occurrence of paint in the general population was estimated in four U.S. cities; Houston, TX, Huntsville, TX, Morgantown, WV, and Pittsburgh, PA. A total of 1,883 garment and footwear areas were sampled from the 410 participants. From these volunteers, up to six garment areas were sampled for the presence of paint and glass. Recovered paint particles were analyzed via microscopy and micro-FTIR spectroscopy. Overall, 111 paint fragments were recovered from 21% of all the participants, with the Houston set yielding 50% of those fragments, while 21% came from the Morgantown set, 26% from the Huntsville set, and 3.6% from the Pittsburgh set. Paint particles were recovered primarily on the upper surfaces and lower surfaces of the garments. Much of the paint recovered was single-layered architectural or automotive paint with various binders and pigment compositions. The general trends and differences of paint fragments from these cities are discussed, including the effects on the frequency rates of the types of garments and footwear worn and the main modes of transportation. The concurrent presence of both glass and paint being recovered from the same individual was rare, and even more uncommon to find both traces in a single item. In this case, there was only one individual in the Houston set who had both types of particles on their person, and no garment areas or footwear areas with both traces present.

Re-Dressing the Evidence: Henrietta Maria’s Wardrobe Accounts, 1627–1639

This article presents evidence about Henrietta Maria's dress from her wardrobe accounts of 1627 to 1639. The accounts, in the National Archives at Kew, include a vast range of loose bills, acquittances and warrants related to textiles, garments, trimmings and accessories supplied and made for the Queen and members of her household. The extraordinary variety and splendour of the Queen's dress as well as the lavish clothing she presented to others is evident. This overview focuses on networks of supply and production, including details of key suppliers and artificers; practical aspects of fitting, mending and delivering clothing; gift-giving; and garment types. Tables of suppliers, artificers and garment types are provided.

Thermophysiological and Perceptual Responses of Amateur Healthcare Workers: Impacts of Ambient Condition, Inner-Garment Insulation and Personal Cooling Strategy

While personal protective equipment (PPE) protects healthcare workers from viruses, it also increases the risk of heat stress. In this study, the effects of environmental heat stress, the insulation of the PPE inner-garment layer, and the personal cooling strategy on the physiological and perceptual responses of PPE-clad young college students were evaluated. Three levels of wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGT = 15 °C, 28 °C, and 32 °C) and two types of inner garments (0.37 clo and 0.75 clo) were chosen for this study. In an uncompensable heat stress environment (WBGT = 32 °C), the effects of two commercially available personal cooling systems, including a ventilation cooling system (VCS) and an ice pack cooling system (ICS) on the heat strain mitigation of PPE-clad participants were also assessed. At WBGT = 15 °C with 0.75 clo inner garments, mean skin temperatures were stabilized at 31.2 °C, Hskin was 60-65%, and HR was about 75.5 bpm, indicating that the working scenario was on the cooler side. At WBGT = 28 °C, Tskin plateaued at approximately 34.7 °C, and the participants reported "hot" thermal sensations. The insulation reduction in inner garments from 0.75 clo to 0.37 clo did not significantly improve the physiological thermal comfort of the participants. At WBGT = 32 °C, Tskin was maintained at 35.2-35.7 °C, Hskin was nearly 90% RH, Tcore exceeded 37.1 °C, and the mean HR was 91.9 bpm. These conditions indicated that such a working scenario was uncompensable, and personal cooling to mitigate heat stress was required. Relative to that in NCS (no cooling), the mean skin temperatures in ICS and VCS were reduced by 0.61 °C and 0.22 °C, respectively, and the heart rates were decreased by 10.7 and 8.5 bpm, respectively. Perceptual responses in ICS and VCS improved significantly throughout the entire field trials, with VCS outperforming ICS in the individual cooling effect.

Hutsul Folk Costumes (Embroidery, Lace, Knitting) in the Collection of the Seweryn Udziela Ethnographic Museum in Krakow

The article presents the research on the Hutsul folk costume in the collection of the Seweryn Udziela Ethnographic Museum in Krakow. The collection of the Hutsul folk costumes stored at the museum has been developed in several stages and is related to the history of two museums: the Museum of Technology and Industry (closed in 1950) and the National Museum in Krakow. The main part of the collection dates from the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries (until the outbreak of World War II). This collection includes women's and men's garments and a few children's items. Original ornaments, colors and types of garments and accessories show a local variety of the Hutsul clothing. Nevertheless, a number of objects require a more precise attribution, and the collection in general needs further elaboration - in the context of social, cultural, ethnographic and local factors - in order to define and identify the phenomenon of the traditional Hutsul folk costume.

Functional relationship among pressure, displacement and angle for the waist of elastic pantyhose using finite element simulation

The inward displacement perpendicular to the human body produced by external pressure is a key point to evaluate the pressure comfort and optimize the design of compression garment. However, it is hard to obtain the accurate displacement value using the existing instrument and equipment. In order to find a simple and feasible method to obtain displacement data after the human body wearing compression clothing, the waist cross-section model of human body was obtained by computerized tomography scanning and Mimics modeling, and then the displacement distribution was simulated after wearing four sample elastic pantyhose (A1, A2, B1, B2) using finite element method in this article. Finally, the functional relationship between pressure/displacement ratio and angle was obtained through quadratic curve fitting. Research indicated that the four fitting curves showed almost the same tendency, and we can approximate that the functional relationship between pressure/displacement ratio and angle remains almost unchanged no matter what kind of elastic pantyhose the human body wearing, and no matter what state the human body was in (static or dynamic). As a result, when the human body was under clothing pressure, the corresponding displacement value on the body can be calculated on the premise of the known pressure value at any point of the waist cross section using the quadratic equation. The conclusion provides an important reference for evaluating clothing pressure comfort and optimizing clothing structure. This method is also applicable to other types of compression garment.

Heat transfer of a sustainable personal garment cooling system

This paper provides examines sustainable personal cooling systems. The impact of micro-fan configuration and inflow airspeed was tested. First, three different types of test models-a garment with side seam micro-fans, scatter-fans, and bottom-fans, was used to analyze and compare the heat transfer characteristic. Second, a new index of convective heat transfer was used to evaluate the cooling performance of these models. Third, the selected model was calculated with three different inflow properties, and the performance of efficiency and energy saving was analyzed. The results show that the bottom-fans model yields the best performance both on efficiency and cooling effect. The evaluation of thermal environment shows that the defined indexes are reliable to reflect heat transfer characteristics in the air gap. The comparison study of different airspeeds shows that the inflow air velocity should be set at a suitable range due to the view of energy saving.

Gesture Recognition Method Using Acoustic Sensing on Usual Garment

In this study, we show a new gesture recognition method for clothing-based gesture input methods using active and passive acoustic sensing. Our system consists of a piezoelectric speaker and a microphone. The speaker transmits ultrasonic swept sine signals, and the microphone simultaneously records the ultrasonic signals that propagate through the garment and the rubbing sounds generated by the gestures on the garment. Our method recognizes a variety of gestures, such as pinch, twist, touch, and swipe, by incorporating active and passive acoustic sensing. An important feature of our method is that it does not require a dedicated garment or embroidery embedded since our system only requires a pair of piezoelectric elements to be attached to the usual garment with a magnet. We performed recognition experiments of 11 gestures on the forearm with four types of garments made from different materials and recognition experiments of five one-handed gestures on the button of a shirt and the pocket of pants. The results of a per-user classifier confirmed that the f-scores were 83.9% and 95.9% for 11 gestures with four different types of garments and 5 gestures that were selected assuming actual use, respectively. In addition, we confirmed that the system recognizes five gestures, which can be performed with one hand, with 89.2% and 92.6% accuracy in the button and pocket sites, respectively.