Properties Of Garments Research Articles

Improving some functional utility properties of garment using cross-linked acrylic fabrics

PurposeThis study aims to use hexanediol, pentaerythritol and keratin as crosslinking agents on the acrylic fabric used as garments.Design/methodology/approachPlain 1/1 acrylic fabric was produced with 14 and 11 weft yarn/cm using yarn count 28/2 Ne, then it was modified with different agents, and the effect of crosslinking on some of the inherent properties was determined. The color strength as well as washing fastness was evaluated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy determined the changes that acted in the structure of the treated acrylic fabrics. Several physical and functional utility characteristics were studied such as stiffness, crease recovery, tensile strength and elongation, pilling, air permeability, absorbency and static electricity.FindingsPolyacrylonitrile is one of the man-made materials used in the textile field; despite novel characteristics, it has some negative properties, especially in absorbency and pilling, which are improved after treatment.Originality/valueThe results presented that the different conditions that were used with cross-linkers enhanced the acrylic fabrics properties. Where analysis of variance test atP-value 0.05 and radar chart area offered that the treated acrylic fabric with 5% (w/v) keratin accomplished the highest preferable properties for end use.

POVNet: Image-Based Virtual Try-On Through Accurate Warping and Residual.

Virtual dressing room applications help online shoppers visualize outfits. Such a system, to be commercially viable, must satisfy a set of performance criteria. The system must produce high quality images that faithfully preserve garment properties, allow users to mix and match garments of various types and support human models varying in skin tone, hair color, body shape, and so on. This paper describes POVNet, a framework that meets all these requirements (except body shapes variations). Our system uses warping methods together with residual data to preserve garment texture at fine scales and high resolution. Our warping procedure adapts to a wide range of garments and allows swapping in and out of individual garments. A learned rendering procedure using an adversarial loss ensures that fine shading, etc. is accurately reflected. A distance transform representation ensures that hems, cuffs, stripes, and so on are correctly placed. We demonstrate improvements in garment rendering over state of the art resulting from these procedures. We demonstrate that the framework is scalable, responds in real-time, and works robustly with a variety of garment categories. Finally, we demonstrate that using this system as a virtual dressing room interface for fashion e-commerce websites has significantly boosted user-engagement rates.

Study the Seam Stitch of Silk Garment Properties Dyed with Natural dyes

Study the Seam Stitch of Silk Garment Properties Dyed with Natural dyes

Effects of Outer Shell Fabric Color, Smoke Contamination, and Washing on Heat Loss through Turnout Suit Systems

Firefighters frequently have to work in direct solar radiant heat. To reduce firefighter heat stress, the influence of turnout garment properties on heat gain from solar radiation must be understood. This research studied the effects of color, texture, washing, and contamination of outer shell fabrics on heat loss through firefighter turnout fabric materials in simulated solar exposures. It showed that solar radiation could be a major factor in heat loss through turnout suits. Solar radiation equivalent to a sunny day completely reversed heat exchange through the turnout fabric systems, converting a heat loss of about 240 W/m2 to a heat gain exceeding 100 W/m2. Solar radiation caused turnout fabric systems to dry out and this decreased the performance of turnout systems that incorporated bi-component moisture barriers. Most significantly, the color of the outer shell had a major influence on lowering turnout heat loss in solar exposures. Composites with a black-dyed outer shell absorbed more solar energy than composites with lighter colored shell materials. Soot and fire-ground contaminants present on turnout outer shell fabrics also reduced heat loss under solar exposure. The findings of this study answered long-standing questions about the importance of turnout fabric color on heat exchange with the environment. The results provide additional motivation for efficient turnout cleaning practices, not only to reduce potentially toxic exposure to smoke contaminants, but to reduce turnout-gear-related heat strain on firefighters.

Effects of ozone treatment on denim garment properties

AbstractThe conventional denim washing process is considered to be the most polluting in the textile industry. This sector uses huge amounts of water, energy and chemicals, and generates a lot of wastewater with a high pollution load. For this reason, other types of washing treatment have been discovered. Among these treatments, we can specify the ozone treatment, which is sustainable and economical. In this study, ozone treatment was applied to denim fabric samples to improve the effect of the washing conditions on the appearance and physical characteristics of the fabrics. Bagging resistance, force at break, shrinkage, spectroscopy testing, rubbing fastness evaluation and Fourier Transform–infrared analysis of the treated and untreated denim fabrics (which did not undergo desizing treatment) were analysed and investigated. To study the individual and main effects and significance of input parameters, the Taguchi design was used. Based on the obtained results, ozone treatment increased the whiteness value of treated fabrics. Moreover, it induced certain changes to the physical, mechanical and bagging properties of denim fabrics. The loss of force at break and the percentage of shrinkage reached 30.11% and 15.15%, respectively. The bagging resistance indicated a significant decrease of up to 40.17% after ozone treatment.

Analyzing Thermophysiological Comfort and Moisture Management Behavior of Cotton Denim Fabrics

Abstract Comfort properties of garments are influenced by fiber properties, fabric properties, and applied finishes. Denim garments are widely used apparels, and they are processed with different industrial finishing treatments. Finishing treatments and fabric weight have a great influence on the thermal comfort of denim fabrics. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of finishing treatments (rigid, bleaching, resin, softener) on the thermophysiological comfort and moisture management properties of denim fabrics considering three weight categories (light, medium, heavy). The thermophysiological comfort (thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, air permeability, water vapor permeability tests) and liquid moisture transport capabilities (transfer wicking and drying behavior of fabrics) were measured and analyzed statistically. As a result of the study, fabric weight and finishing had been found to be important parameters for the comfort properties of denim fabrics. As a conclusion, it could be stated in the light of the results that the fabric weight type (light, medium, heavy) had a significant impact on the fabric thermophysiological comfort properties.

A New Approach for Surface Ornamentation of Denim Fabric

Fading increases the aesthetic properties of garments produced from denim fabrics. Different fading processes (e.g., laser fading, hand sand brushing, and potassium permanganate (PP) spraying) are applied on denim fabric to modify fabric appearance. A new approach was developed using gamma irradiation prior to the fading process. A design was produced using a CO2 laser for 130 μs. The same design was produced by hand sand brushing and PP spraying. Physical, mechanical, color, and other aesthetic properties were tested, including fabric grams per square meter (GSM), fastness to rubbing and abrasion resistance, tensile and tearing strength, color change (ΔE) values, yellowness index (YI), and color strength (K/S).

Evaluation of compression-recovery and thermal characteristics of multilayer bedding textiles

PurposeDesign of bedding textiles that contact the human body affects the sleep quality. Bedding textiles contribute to comfort sense during the sleep duration, in addition to ambient and bed microclimate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of different layer properties on the compression recovery and thermal characteristics of multilayer bedding textiles.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, woven and knitted multilayer bedding textiles were manufactured from fabric, fiber, sponge and interlining, respectively. Different sponge thickness, fiber and interlining weight were used in the layers of samples. Later, the pilling resistance, compression and recovery, air permeability and thermal conductivity of multilayer bedding textiles were investigated.FindingsThe results indicated that samples with the higher layer weight and thickness provide better compression recovery and lower air permeability properties. It was also found that knitted surfaces show the higher air permeability than the woven surfaces depending on the fabric porosity. Layer properties have insignificant effect on the thermal conductivity values.Originality/valueWhile researchers mostly focus on thermal comfort properties of garments, there are limited studies about comfort properties of bedding textiles in the literature. Furthermore, compression recovery properties of bedding textiles have also a great importance in terms of comfort. Originality of this study is that these properties were analyzed together.

Barrier properties of anti-gas military garments, considering exposure to gas organic compounds

The problems of determining the protective properties of barrier materials used for the production of body surface protection products of an isolative type are very actual. These garments are expected to have long-term resistance against permeation of toxic substances. The paper deals with the study of the effect of organic solvent vapours on the changes in protective properties of selected anti-gas protective garments commonly used by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization armed forces. Permeation measurements of selected gases with integral permeameter were performed to verify their barrier properties, surface changes after exposure to selected solvents by using a 3D optical profilometer, permeation measurements for vapours of these solvents with differential permeameter, and experimental simulating the possible influence of barrier properties of garments within permeation of air. It has been shown that in the case of gases, the permeability of the studied materials increases with decreasing kinetic diameter of the penetrant molecule used. In the case of acetonitrile and isooctane vapours, permeability increased with increasing vapour concentration due to interactions between polymeric materials and molecules of organic compounds. The permeation measurements of pure vapours and air/vapour mixtures indicate that the level of interactions between the molecules of the penetrant and the material of the protective garment is not strong enough to degrade the material of the garment in such a way as to allow a greater penetration of the pollutants through it. The results of permeation experiments for gases and organic vapours showed very good barrier properties of studied chemical isolated garments.

Influence of Bamboo and Cotton Blend Ratio on Low-Stress Tensile Properties of Garments

The Bamboo: Bamboo and Cotton: Cotton blends have widely attracted the low-stress tensile properties of textiles, especially for garment wear. The tensile properties of the garments showed that properties such as the linearity of tensile (LT), tensile energy (WT), tensile resilience (RT) and tensile strain (EM) of Bamboo-Cotton garments are influenced by increasing or decreasing the portion of Bamboo fibers. Moreover, the content of Bamboo fiber showed the direct influence on low-stress tensile properties of garments. The low-stress tensile properties are influenced by the portion of the Bamboo fiber, yarn diameter, and twist. Thus, the low tensile properties have given remarkable features for tailoring and suiting of clothes.

Influence of Bamboo and Cotton Blend Ratio on Low-stress Tensile Properties of Garments

The Bamboo:Bamboo and Cotton:Cotton blends have widely attracted the low-stress tensile properties of textiles, especially for garment wear. The tensile properties of the garments showed that properties such as the linearity of tensile (LT), tensile energy (WT), tensile resilience (RT) and tensile strain (EM) of Bamboo-Cotton garments are are influenced by increasing or decreading the portion of Bamboo fibers. Moreover, the content of Bamboo fiber showed the direct influence on low-stress tensile properties of garments. The low-stress tensile properties are influenced by the portion of the Bamboo fiber, yarn diameter, and twist. Thus, the low tensile properties have given remarkable features for tailoring and suiting of clothes.

Influence of Bamboo and Cotton Blend Ratio on Low-stress Tensile Properties of Garments

The Bamboo:Bamboo and Cotton:Cotton blends have widely attracted the low-stress tensile properties of textiles, especially for garment wear. The tensile properties of the garments showed that properties such as the linearity of tensile (LT), tensile energy (WT), tensile resilience (RT) and tensile strain (EM) of Bamboo-Cotton garments are are influenced by increasing or decreading the portion of Bamboo fibers. Moreover, the content of Bamboo fiber showed the direct influence on low-stress tensile properties of garments. The low-stress tensile properties are influenced by the portion of the Bamboo fiber, yarn diameter, and twist. Thus, the low tensile properties have given remarkable features for tailoring and suiting of clothes.

Physical and Mechanical properties of Treated Acrylic Fabrics using nano-Bentonite

Abstract The acrylic fabrics were treated with different concentrations of nano-bentonite (nano clay) using pad-dry cure technique in presence of sodium polyacrylate as a resin. Mechanical and Physical properties of treated acrylic fabrics such as tensile strength and elongation %, bending length thickness, weight, abrasion resistance, pilling resistance, air permeability and electrostatic charge were studied. The substantively of the treated fabrics in terms of dye exhaustion % towards basic dyes as well as washing fastness were studied. The effect of treatment and dyeing on performance properties of garments were evaluated by radar chart. To know the effect of treatments on the acrylic fabric properties, analysis of variance; ANOVA and t-Test have been applied.

Study of the Change of the Specialists' Isolative Garment Properties Against the Effects of Peroxide Decontamination Mixture

Abstract The influence of the peroxide decontamination mixture on the barrier polymeric material used for the construction of the anti-gas protective garment OPCH-05 has been study. This kind of mixture is used with the help of the decontamination vehicle ACHR-90 and its EDS mixture. The both soldiers and operators of the ACHR-90 or the EDS mixture can be in a direct contact with spattering decontamination mixture that can cause significant damages of the anti-gas protective garment OPCH-05. For evaluation of protective properties and their potential changes the MIKROTEST method and methodology has been used. This paper is another publication which deals with the influences of decontamination mixtures introduced in the Czech Armed Forces Chemical Corps armament on the barrier material composed of the butyl-rubber polymeric mixture in combination with the polyamide textile.

Evaluating the effect of fabric type on thermal insulation properties of sports clothing

In the present study, evaluating the fabric characteristics on thermal insulation properties of garments was aimed. For that purpose, two fiber combinations and seven different knitting structures were chosen and seven long sleeve basic shirts were manufactured from these fabrics. As a water-repellent finishing treatment, all shirts were treated with 5% of a fluorocarbon-based product. A thermal manikin of PT-Teknik made in Denmark was used to measure the heat loss of the shirts and the surface of manikin was kept at a constant temperature. Afterwards, the total and effective clothing insulation values were calculated for each shirt. The comparisons of heat loss values according to the body parts, and also for the effective clothing insulations were done. Moreover, the heat flux according to the body parts were determined. In the light of these obtained data, a new shirt design was designed and proposed by combining the evaluated fabrics in order to enhance the comfort and performance of the user.

Development of some functional properties on viscose fabrics using nano kaolin

Nanoclays are among the more important industrial minerals. They are inexpensive, widely available in nature, and environment friendly. Nano kaolin (NK) is used to impart additional values of viscose fabrics. The mentioned fabrics were treated with different concentrations of NK using pad-dry cure technique. The surface morphology and surface chemical elements of treated as well as untreated fabrics were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. Tensile strength and elongation, thickness, bending length, moisture regain and antimicrobial activity of the treated fabrics were evaluated. New colouring material (Thiazolidin), direct and reactive dyes were used for dyeing the treated and untreated fabrics. K/S and washing fastness of the dyed fabrics were assessed and statistically compared using t test. The effect of treatment and dying on performance properties of garments were evaluated by calculating quality factor for each fabric.

The effect of body postures on the distribution of air gap thickness and contact area.

The heat and mass transfer in clothing is predominantly dependent on the thickness of air layer and the magnitude of contact area between the body and the garment. The air gap thickness and magnitude of the contact area can be affected by the posture of the human body. Therefore, in this study, the distribution of the air gap and the contact area were investigated for different body postures of a flexible manikin. In addition, the effect of the garment fit (regular and loose) and style (t-shirts, sweatpants, jacket and trousers) were analysed for the interaction between the body postures and the garment properties. A flexible manikin was scanned using a three-dimensional (3D) body scanning technique, and the scans were post-processed in dedicated software. The body posture had a strong effect on the air gap thickness and the contact area for regions where the garment had a certain distance from the body. Furthermore, a mathematical model was proposed to estimate the possible heat transfer coefficient for the observed air layers and their change with posture. The outcome of this study can be used to improve the design of the protective and functional garments and predict their effect on the human body.

ガーメントの力学特性が走動作へ及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology that enables to directly evaluate the wearing effect of sport apparel on athletic performance. The torque due to garment is estimated by using the musculo-skeletal model SIMM, The mechanical properties of garment are obtained from a mechanical test. The relationship between exerted garment torque and movement are induced by using motion equations with the components of the body and a garment on it. With the methodology, the possibility of performance enhancement in sprinting was investigated with a world-wide top athlete by calculating the contribution of exerted garment torque to the sprint speed. The results indicate that the exerted garment torque would help to increase the sprint speed and the contribution of the garment to the performance increased gradually toward the end of contact phase. It is suggested that the garment structure that supports plantar flexion movements in sprinting can provide plantar flexion torque even at take off phase.

The comfort evaluation of weft knitted plant structured fabrics and garment. II. Sweating manikin and wearer trial test on polo shirt

Biomimetics of the branching structure in textiles which can improve the water transport was proved by previous research on weft knitted fabrics. The present work focuses on the evaluation of a branching network in light-weight knitted fabrics for polo shirt which were made of 100 % cotton and 100 % polyester yarn. The sweating manikin test and wearer trial were applied to make objective and subjective evaluation on plant structured polo shirt against commercial polo shirt. The plant structured polo-shirt can provide lower insulation resistance, evaporation resistance tested by sweating manikin. As well, lower temperature and humidity values were observed in plant structured polo-shirt assessed by wearer trial test under both simulating outdoor/indoor environment and normal activity workload. All improved fabric and garment properties related to comfort are beneficial to clothing comfort. It is verified that the plant structured fabric for polo shirt can enhance the overall comfort and wearing experience.

Effects of cross linkers combination, for three dimensional effects, on denim garment properties

Three dimensional effects are today demanded in denim garments to create a “distressed” and “aged look”. These effects may be obtained with a recipe containing a modified glyoxalic crosslinker and an acrylic crosslinker with a crosslinking agent. In this paper, we investigate changes in a cotton fabric’s characteristics in terms of tear strength, of dry and wet colorfastness to crocking, and of color changes after different combinations of the three products. The main objective is to keep losses in fabric properties within tolerable limits with compliant 3D effects. It was found that the glyoxalic cross linker is the product responsible for the degradation of denim strength after creating 3D effects against an acrylic cross linker which covers up the defects of the glyoxalic crosslinker. Cross linking agent seems to be without interest in the selected process.