Incineration Research Articles

FIRE PREVENTION AND HANDLING TRAINING FOR RESIDENTS OF BATU MERAH VILLAGE, SIRIMAU DISTRICT, AMBON CITY

Fires can occur unexpectedly, even if you have been careful to use appliances that produce fires in the house, some of the sources of fire are electrical short circuits, gas stoves, burning garbage, cigarette butts and candles when the lights go out. The purpose of the training in community service is to provide knowledge about the causes of fires and their preventive measures. Participants involved in the training included students of the Public Health Department of STIKes Maluku Husada, Instructors from the Ambon City Fire Service Tribe and residents of Batu Merah Village, Sirimau District, Ambon City. Training techniques with material presentation, practice and review of results. The implementation method is by identifying problems that occur in objects, determining the priority scale of improvement and providing problem solving and feedback in the form of result evaluation. The implementation of training can provide knowledge about the factors that cause fires at home, so that it can encourage public awareness of the importance of preventive measures to avoid fires. The conclusion of the training in community service is that it can provide knowledge about the factors that cause fires and know preventive measures to minimize the occurrence of fires and can encourage concern in fire prevention in the community.

Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in Non-smoking Women, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Basic Health Research Data in 2018 reported that lung cancer in women in Indonesia ranked third after breast cancer and cervical cancer. A person's risk of developing lung cancer can be evaluated by looking at several things, namely age and gender, genetic predisposition to cancer, tobacco use, and exposure to toxic agents at home or work. The purpose of this research is to obtain data on several risk factors with the incidence of lung cancer in non-smoking women at Adam Malik General Hospital and Santa Elisabeth General Hospital. This research is a case-control matching study involving 224 research subjects through medical record data collection from January 2019 to December 2020. All research subjects were recorded from medical record data confirmed by questionnaires related to risk factors, namely ages, exposure to cigarette smoke (passive smokers), genetics, mosquito coils, limes, pesticides, garbage burning, exposure to firewood, and air pollution. Data were analyzed by logistic regression test. The average age in the case group was 57.86 years, while in the control group, the average age was 47.4 years. The largest age group in both study groups was 40 years. In this research, five risk factors of lung cancer influenced the incidence of lung cancer in non-smoking women, namely age (p = 0.008), passive smokers (p = 0.043), genetic factors (p < 0.001), exposure to firewood (p = 0.007), and air pollution factors (p = 0.041). It was estimated that risk factors that significantly influence the incidence of lung cancer in women are not the age of 40 years, genetic factors, passive smokers, and exposure to firewood.

Design and Development of a Smart Trash Bin to Minimize Odor from Household Waste Based on the Internet of Things

The problem that occurs is that household waste continues to increase along with the development of population and the number of increasingly dense settlements. The existence of this household waste is of concern to the community and the government because it can cause various negative impacts. Based on the results of observations of the existing trash cans, the accumulation of household waste is the source of this unpleasant odor. Smell is connoted as something that tends to disturb comfort, and gives the impression of being unclean and the like, such as fishy, rotten, urine, rancid, and so on. The smell of burning garbage is also dangerous because it contains H2 which reduces the amount of oxygen in the air. This study aims to prevent the occurrence of unpleasant odors from garbage. The tool will be designed using the NodeMCU microcontroller with website-based monitoring and Whatsapp notifications automatically when the trash can is full and automatic deodorizing powder spraying according to the concentration of gas released by the stench. This study uses the Experimental and Comparative Testing method in designing an IoT-based Smart Trash Bin tool and conducting tests on the built system and comparing the test results with the expected system. The results of this study indicate that the Smart Trash Bin tool can work and function as expected, namely being able to minimize the unpleasant odor emitted by the trash can and being able to monitor the sprinkling of deodorizing powder, the status of the height of the trash can and can provide notifications both automatically and manual to officers through the website.

Research on the Properties of DOM from the Microalgal Treatment Process for Leachate from Incineration Fly Ash Based on EEM-PARAFAC Analysis

Fly ash derived from the incineration of garbage is known to contain hazardous materials that can affect the growth of plants and animals and pose a threat to human health. In this study, we explored how treatment of fly ash leachate with microalgae could alter the properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Fly ash leachate samples obtained from a landfill site in Wenzhou were treated with the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris or Scenedesmus obliquus without and with the addition of ammonium ferric citrate (C6H8FeNO7) for 24 days, and changes in DOM levels and types were measured using excitation emission matrix fluorescence technology. The following results were obtained: Analysis of three-dimensional fluorescence spectral indices indicated that the algal treatment process consistently generated new autogenous DOM, with most of the organic matter being newly formed. Additional nutrients had a minor effect on the production and composition of DOM in the system. Using a parallel factor model to analyze the three-dimensional fluorescence spectral matrices of water samples from various systems revealed common components in each group, including arginine, tryptophan-like proteins and fulvic acid-like substances. This study aimed to explore the changes in DOM properties during microalgae treatment of fly ash leachate from the perspective of three-dimensional fluorescence.

Current and emerging waste-to-energy technologies: A comparative study with multi-criteria decision analysis

In response to the rise in waste crisis and the possibility of energy utilization from waste, there has been increasing interest in waste-to-energy (WtE) conversion technologies, which requires intense scientific attention. There are diverse WtE technologies that apply to different waste types and require multidisciplinary decision support. The paper applies a Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) tool to compare their economic, technological, socio-cultural, and environmental aspects to help identify the most promising choice. The comparison used in this study concerns four widely used technologies: Incineration (INC), Anaerobic Digestion (AD), Gasification (GAS), and Pyrolysis (PYR), and one emerging WtE conversion technology, Hydro-thermal Carbonization (HTC). The Comparison criteria are divided into four main criteria and fifteen sub-criteria. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was implemented using ’SuperDecisions’ software to make pairwise comparisons of identified criteria and to rank the WtE technology alternatives. Thirty-two international studies were shortlisted to gather data and provide input into the AHP model. The results show that the environmental factors are prioritized with a priority vector of 0.56. Further, the study concludes that the most suitable WtE technology, based on chosen parameters, is AD, followed by HTC, INC, and PYR with the priority vectors of 0.348, 0.201, 0.162, and 0.148, respectively, provided applicability. The emerging technology, HTC, is found to be the second most suitable technology. Further, the results represent the hierarchy structure arranged so that the main components are divided into sub-components with alternatives at the structure’s base, and the ’SuperDecisions’ model based on this hierarchy can be used in the future to find suitable WtE technology for a specific city with the necessary input for identified main and sub-criteria. This research not only provides a structured comparison of WtE technologies but also offers a scalable AHP framework that can be adapted for specific municipal contexts in future studies. By addressing the diverse needs of decision-makers across different regions, our model contributes to a more nuanced understanding of WtE technology selection and lays the groundwork for incorporating local policies and regulations in subsequent research phases.

Comparative analysis of winter composite-PM2.5 in Central Indo Gangetic Plain cities: Combined organic and inorganic source apportionment and characterization, with a focus on the photochemical age effect on secondary organic aerosol formation

To gain insights into air quality dynamics, a high-end instrument such as High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) alongside an Aethalometer was used to measure the Composite PM2.5 (C-PM2.5) in Lucknow and Kanpur during winter. It encompasses non-refractive PM2.5 (NR-PM2.5) and Black Carbon (BC) mass concentrations. Significant variation was noted in average C-PM2.5 concentrations at both sites, as 168.8 ± 61.3 μg m−3 in Lucknow and 90.7 ± 25.7 μg m−3 in Kanpur. Organics emerged as the predominant component, constituting ∼55%–65% of the C-PM2.5 mass, followed by inorganics (24% and 30%) and BC (20% and 8%). The present study employs Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) on combined organic and inorganic source apportionment, resolving eight and seven source factors at Lucknow and Kanpur, respectively. Both sites exhibit significant contributions from solid-fuel combustion organic aerosol (SFC-OA), with ∼11% in Lucknow and 8% in Kanpur. However, SFC-OA mass concentration in Lucknow, at 24.67 μg m-³, is nearly double that in Kanpur (12.05 μg m-³). This was likely due to domestic coal burning in the nearby households, unregulated open burning, and burning of garbage on roadsides. The study shows that both sites were affected by oxidized biomass burning OA (O-BBOA) emissions, with increased concentration during the night due to dark oxidation by NO3 radicals. The diurnal variation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), such as O-BBOA and semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SVOOA), shows increasing concentration during daytime hours. Therefore, the photochemical aging (ta) role in SOA formation was analyzed, and it was revealed that the formation might primarily be driven by photochemical oxidation. Additionally, two inorganic-rich factors, sulfate and nitrate-related OA (SO4-OA and NO3-OA) at both sites and additional ammonium chloride-related OA (NH4Cl-OA) resolved at Lucknow. Our study shows that NO3-OA and SO4-OA formation was dominated by aqueous phase processes due to high relative humidity and decline in concentration with increasing ta (ta > 30 h) during winter.

Climate Changes on the Amount of Rain and Temperature from 1990-2018 in Madaba, Jordan using Geographical Information Systems

Climate change is an important topic requiring thorough study due to the importance and increasing impact on the various environmental and human systems. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the changes observed in the minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as the calculation of rainfall rates during the period spanning 1990 to 2018 in the governorate of Madaba. The amount of rain as well as the average minimum and maximum temperatures were examined through annual, seasonal, and monthly analyses. The comparison results from 2018, 2010, 2000, and 1990 showed that there was an increase in the seasonal, annual, and maximum temperatures for the month of June reaching about 1.51 °C. The month of July and Shahrab reported an elevation of 1.06 °C and 1.26 °C with an annual increase in maximum temperatures of 1.44 °C. Similarly, rainfall rates decreased by 0.05 mm between 1990 and 2018, hence legislative laws were enacted against individuals contributing to climate change. This started with individuals practicing waste and garbage burning, as well as developing unified programs and plans to address the consequences.

Burn pit-related smoke causes developmental and behavioral toxicity in zebrafish: Influence of material type and emissions chemistry

Combustion of mixed materials during open air burning of refuse or structural fires in the wildland urban interface produces emissions that worsen air quality, contaminate rivers and streams, and cause poor health outcomes including developmental effects. The zebrafish, a freshwater fish, is a useful model for quickly screening the toxicological and developmental effects of agents in such species and elicits biological responses that are often analogous and predictive of responses in mammals. The purpose of this study was to compare the developmental toxicity of smoke derived from the burning of 5 different burn pit-related material types (plywood, cardboard, plastic, a mixture of the three, and the mixture plus diesel fuel as an accelerant) in zebrafish larvae. Larvae were exposed to organic extracts of increasing concentrations of each smoke 6-to-8-hr post fertilization and assessed for morphological and behavioral toxicity at 5 days post fertilization. To examine chemical and biological determinants of toxicity, responses were related to emissions concentrations of polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAH). Emissions from plastic and the mixture containing plastic caused the most pronounced developmental effects, including mortality, impaired swim bladder inflation, pericardial edema, spinal curvature, tail kinks, and/or craniofacial deformities, although all extracts caused concentration-dependent effects. Plywood, by contrast, altered locomotor responsiveness to light changes to the greatest extent. Some morphological and behavioral responses correlated strongly with smoke extract levels of PAHs including 9-fluorenone. Overall, the findings suggest that material type and emissions chemistry impact the severity of zebrafish developmental toxicity responses to burn pit-related smoke.

EKONOMI KREATIF DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MATARAM

Mataram Muhammadiyah University campus, located at Jalan K.H.Ahmad Dahlan, No. 1, Pagesangan City of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara. Garbage is a very serious and difficult problem to avoid, the waste generated on the Mataram Muhammadiyah University campus is increasing every year, balanced by the increasing number of students and academics. Mataram Muhammadiyah University itself has difficulty dealing with the waste problem. There are still many members of the UMMAT academic community whose awareness and concern for dealing with waste problems is still lacking. The habit of burning garbage is still ingrained in cleaning workers in dealing with waste problems. The result achieved from this activity is the awareness of the cleaners starting to understand the importance of managing waste. Because not only will it help preserve the environment but it can also help the people's economy with training on creations that can be made from waste and have a sale value. Also with the procurement of trash cans on the Mataram Muhammadiyah University Campus, students and cleaners can carry out real activities in waste management by sorting waste, both organic and non-organic.

Health Indicators for Accelerating Stunting Reduction: Family Practices in Indonesian Borderland

Background: The Indonesian government has established the latest family-based approach to implement the national strategy to accelerate the reduction of stunting in Indonesia through a family-based intervention approach. Family-based intervention is proven scientifically efective in preventing growth retardation in children under five. However, this research was conducted on families with children aged 0-2 years so that all of the presented problems can be used as a reference in providing family-based interventions. This study aims to describe family health practices in preventing stunting among the people in the border areas of Indonesia and Timor Leste. Subjects and Method: This was a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design, conducted from May to June 2022. A total of 257 families (out of a total population of 566) with children aged 0-24 months spread across 16 integrated healthcare centers (Posyandu) at the Haliwen Health Center, Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The subjects in this study were selected by simple random sampling. The single variable in this study was family health practices in preventing stunting, consists of 18 indicators adopted and elaborated from presidential regulation 72 concerning accelerating the reduction of stunting. the data collected by a set of questionnaires. The data analyze by univariate analysis to describe frequency (n) and percentage (%) of each indicators. Results: Out of a total of 18 assessed indicators, most families still use open garbage cans, burning garbage for destruction, and did not carry out pre-marital health screening. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that most of the health indicators had been carried out by families with infants under two years old. It is in line with the growth status of under-two, most of whom are not stunted. Keywords: stunting, children under two, family-based intervention. Correspondence: Maria Paula Marla Nahak. Nursing study program, Universitas Timor, Indonesia. Jln. El Tari - Km. 09, Sasi, Kefamenanu, Timor Tengah Utara, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. Email: paulamarla@­unimor.ac.id.

Source profile of PM2.5 emissions from different primary sources in the coal capital city Dhanbad, India

The rise of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in urban areas, driven by traffic, construction, and combustion emissions, has prompted urgent air quality concerns. Understanding source-specific PM2.5 chemical characteristics and developing associated source markers is essential for knowing their accurate contribution to atmospheric PM2.5. This study focuses on developing PM2.5 chemical source profiles from nine different emissions, primarily categorized under traffic and combustion sources. The chemical characterization included the carbonaceous thermal fractions, inorganic ions, and elemental composition. Heterogeneity in chemical composition across emission sources was examined using the coefficient of divergence and diagnostic ratio, and finally, source-specific chemical fingerprints were developed using the ratio normalization approach. The finding revealed significant inter and intra-variation in the chemical composition among traffic and combustion emission sources. Organic matter is observed significantly higher in combustion sources (84%–92%) than in traffic sources (22%–45%). Both OC/EC and char-EC/soot-EC values showed much higher values for combustion sources than traffic emissions, with cow dung cake burning emissions displaying the largest values. Also, char-EC/soot-EC values showed a similar trend with OC/EC values and thus can be used as an additional marker for deciphering emission sources. The ion-balance ratio revealed particle emissions from coal, cow dung, and garbage burning to be highly acidic, while traffic and construction sources were alkaline. Source marker results provide new insights into differences in the chemical fingerprint of specific emission sources. A new set of source markers was seen for garbage burning while coal-burning emissions showed varying chemical fingerprints and were found to be dependent on coal processing. Among elements, bromine and chlorine are found to be the unique markers for cow dung cake-burning emissions. Receptor models can use the database developed from the current work to demarcate the emission sources accurately and benefit the regulatory bodies in developing efficient control measures.

Penguatan Kesadaran Perbaikan Lingkungan melalui Participatory Action Research Dusun Gedok Wisata B29 L

One of the interesting tourist destinations in Lumajang Regency is B29 Tourism Village in Argosari Village, Senduro District. From here, visitors can enjoy views of Mount Bromo, the highest peak in the Sand Sea area, which is located about 40 kilometers from Lumajang City and has a height of about 2900 meters above sea level. Argosari Village also has amazing natural beauty, making it an attraction for tourists. The Lumajang Regency Government has a policy that regulates the tourism sector through the cultural tourism office. Garbage is a common problem for the wider community, especially in the people of Gedok Hamlet, Argosari Village, Senduro District, Lumajang Regency. The unavailability of trash bins has led to the habit of burning garbage which can cause air pollution, and throwing garbage in vacant land or ravines which can cause environmental damage. This service focuses on the waste problems that occur in Gedok Hamlet, to reduce littering we provide several trash cans that can be useful for Gedok Hamlet residents to dispose of waste in its place. This service uses the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method, which involves community participation through interviews and observations of the community around Gedok Hamlet as a data source. This service aims to provide benefits and good impacts on waste problems that occur both in Gedok Hamlet and in the wider community, so that they understand the impact of waste on the environment and health.

Air Pollution and Climate Change Risk Perception among Residents in Three Cities of the Mexico Megalopolis

Recent reports of the criteria pollutants in the Megalopolis, located in the central part of Mexico, consistently show air quality standard exceedances in most of the cities that make it up, since it is a large concentration where approximately 17% of the national population resides and because it has significant commercial and industrial development. To investigate the similarities and disparities in risk perception concerning air pollution and climate change among residents living in Central Mexico, a cross-sectional survey study was carried out within three metropolitan areas encompassed by the Megalopolis. A total of 1750 questionnaire surveys were conducted across 21 municipalities within the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), 16 municipalities within the Toluca Valley Metropolitan Area (TVMA), and 8 municipalities within the Cuernavaca Metropolitan Area. The three metropolitan areas showed significant differences in terms of air quality perception, risk perception, attitudes, and causal attribution perception, but health-related perception did not have significant differences among the areas. The MCMA exhibited higher knowledge about air pollution, although it associated the causes with urban activities such as car usage, while the Toluca and Cuernavaca areas linked this issue to the burning of garbage, coal, wood, and agricultural activities. Although residents expressed concern about air pollution, climate change, and their effects, they do not know how to act to contribute to the solution.

Education and Empowerment of Human Resources in Efforts to Manage the Environment Towards Green Villages in Dataran Tinggi Village

Dataran Tinggi Village is one of the villages located in the administrative area of East Binjai District, Binjai City. Dataran Tinggi Village has a population of 6,789 people in 2021 which occupies an area of 42.6 H. Based on the results of interviews conducted with the Head of the Dataran Tinggi Village stated that most people have a bad habit of burning garbage. For this reason, activities are needed that can reduce the habits of these people. Implementation methods used are lectures and demonstrations. The dedication activity was attended by 73 participants. The details of the participants included 25 participants in waste management socialization, 18 participants in making verticulture, and 30 participants in socializing waste management into compost. The series of activities carried out included socialization on waste management to elementary school children, socialization on processing waste into compost using the takakura and vermicompost methods, and making verticulture. The results of the implementation of the activity were in the form of increasing students' knowledge related to waste management by 76%, compost, and 3 series of vertical pipes. It can be concluded that real work lecture activities are able to increase human resources and reduce people's habit of burning garbage.

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Melalui Edukasi Dalam Pencegahan ISPA Di Desa Cinta Rakyat Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan

<table width="598" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="371"><p><strong><em>Abstract </em></strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p><em>Acute respiratory infections are a major cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, about 4 million people died from acute respiratory infections, 98% of which were caused by lower respiratory tract infections. Infant, child and elderly mortality rates are very high, especially in low- and middle-income countries. efforts to control ARI through health promotion education activities or counseling. Education is carried out with the aim of increasing knowledge and even the community is expected to be able to improve health status. The method in this service activity uses educational methods or counseling based on lecture discussions about ARI. The targets in this activity are mothers who have babies and children. Health problem factors, namely the habit of burning garbage can cause air pollution that comes from burning smoke in the environment and smoking habits.</em><em></em></p></td></tr></tbody></table>

ҚАТТЫ ТҰРМЫСТЫҚ ҚАЛДЫҚТАР ПОЛИГОНЫНЫҢ ҚОРШАҒАН ОРТАҒА ӘСЕРІН БАҒАЛАУ

Abstract. The most acute issue is the disposal of solid household waste in the territory of Taraz. The city does not have a developed and modern infrastructure for their processing and disposal. Almost all waste produced at the zhasyl-El Taraz and Aldi and K landfills is placed in landfills without processing, most of which do not meet the sanitary, hygienic and environmental requirements for the placement, arrangement and operation of such specialized facilities. To solve environmental pollution, it is necessary to create a suitable waste management system. For the disposal of solid household waste, there are no garbage processing plants and unauthorized landfills.In this regard, in the near future, it is necessary to create a special technology for mass cleaning of urban and rural areas, as well as land along unauthorized landfills, fields. Currently, one of the main factors of environmental pollution is the increase in urban economic activity, which, in turn, provokes an environmental crisis. In Kazakhstan, the problem of solid household waste is very important, because only 8-9% of garbage is recycled, and the remaining 90% is stored in landfills, which causes enormous damage to the environment. And in other countries, more than half of the waste is recycled, and they also earn significant income in this area. Such an acute environmental situation in our country is complicated by the lack of environmental capacity and the lack of a legal and technological solution associated with waste management of the system. So far, the vast majority of solid waste landfills remain technologically and technically imperfect, unproductive, environmentally dangerous, inefficient and legally unsecured.The problem of Kazakhstan's landfills is associated with the burning of garbage. Keywords: Solid Waste, Landfill, thermometer, fluorescent lamps, plastic.

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS

The main direction of the automation of the wastewater treatment process are considered, the main blocks of mechanical and biological treatment of wastewater are shown, the entire technological treatment process and the general treatment process is described, including the reusing of disinfected water after the chlorinator. The issues of energy saving in the aeration station were investigated, the main concepts in this field were analyzed, and a structural scheme was proposed reflecting the issues to be solved and applied for the purpose of energy management (energy management) in the station. It was noted that general energy saving measures include equipping pump motors with frequency converters and soft start devices, using alternative and renewable energy, using the energy of liquid flows, connecting and opening electrical devices and apparatus with a program and a light sensor, sewage entering the station It can include the production of electricity using the temperature and output gases or the heating of auxiliary buildings and the production of energy due to the processing (incineration) of sludge and garbage obtained in the cleaning process. Considering of the complete structure of the management system of the wastewater treatment process the control algorithm was proposed. In addition to the energy management subsystem, the system includes local management-adjustment tools and subsystems necessary to manage the cleaning process itself. Keywords: wastewater, control system, energy management subsystem, control algorithm, fuzzy control.

Estimating personal exposures to household air pollution and plastic garbage burning among adolescent girls in Jalapa, Guatemala

Waste collection services are uncommon in rural areas of low-resource countries, causing waste accumulation and subsequent dumping and burning of garbage. Air pollution from household garbage burning, including plastics, has been observed in Jalapa, Guatemala in addition to household air pollution (HAP) from cooking. Adolescent girls often help with these cooking and household tasks, but little is known about their exposures. We characterized 24-h exposures to HAP and household garbage burning in adolescent girls by measuring fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalates. We recruited 60 girls between 13 and 17 years of age who helped with cooking activities and lived with participants of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. We recruited n = 30 girls each from the control (wood-burning stove) and intervention (liquefied petroleum gas stove) arms. We also measured real-time kitchen concentrations of BC in 20 homes (33%). PM2.5 and BC were measured in n = 21 control and n = 20 intervention participants. Median concentrations of personal PM2.5 and BC and kitchen BC were lower (p < 0.05) in the intervention arm by 87%, 80%, and 85%, respectively. PAH metabolite concentrations were lower (p < 0.001) for all nine metabolites in intervention (n = 26) compared to control participants (n = 29). Urinary BPA concentrations were 66% higher in participants who reported using cosmetics (p = 0.02), and phthalate concentrations were 63% higher in participants who had reported using hair products during the sample period (p = 0.05). Our results suggest that gas stoves can reduce HAP exposures among adolescents who are not primary cooks at home. Biomarkers of plastic exposure were not associated with intervention status, but some were elevated compared to age- and sex-matched participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Assessment of solid waste management practices in Ikere local government, Ekiti State

The study assessed solid waste management practices in Ikere local government area of Ekiti state. The purpose of the study was to find out of solid waste management practice. The descriptive survey design research was used for the study. The sample size of three hundred (300) respondents was used for the study. Five (5) quarters was selected for the study. Five (5) streets were selected from each of the quarters. The simple random sampling technique was used to select sixty (60) houses from each quarter. The instrument for the study contained twenty-nine (29) items structured questionnaire adapted from O’Leary (2014). A test-retest method of reliability was used, using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). A coefficient of 0.67 was obtained at 0.05 level of significance. Chi-Square (x2) was used to test the hypotheses, at 0.05 alpha level. The finding of the study on burning of refuse as a solid waste management practice revealed that, the Null hypothesis was rejected therefore the result was significant. The researcher recommended that adequate attention must be given to waste management in order to safe guard human health.

Identification and verification of PCDD/Fs indicators from four typical large-scale municipal solid waste incinerations with large sample size in China

Monitoring PCDD/Fs emissions from municipal solid waste incinerations (MSWIs) is of paramount importance, yet it can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. Predictive models offer an alternative approach for estimating their levels. However, robust models specific to PCDD/Fs were lacking. In this study, we collected 190 PCDD/Fs samples from 4 large-scale MSWIs in China, with the average PCDD/Fs levels and TEQ levels of 0.987 ng/m3 and 0.030 ng TEQ/m3, respectively. We developed and evaluated predictive models, including traditional statistical methods, e.g., linear regression (LR) as well as machine learning models such as back propagation-artificial neural networks (BP ANN) and random forest (RF). Correlation analysis identified 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF, 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF were better indicator congeners for PCDD/Fs estimation (R2 > 0.9, p < 0.001). The predictive results favored the RF model, exhibiting a high R2 value and low root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). Additionally, the RF model showed excellent prediction ability during external validation, with low absolute relative error (ARE) of 10.9 %-12.6 % for the three indicator congeners in the normal PCDD/F TEQ levels group (<0.1 ng TEQ/m3) and slightly higher ARE values (13.8 %-17.9 %) for the high PCDD/F TEQ levels group (>0.1 ng TEQ/m3). In conclusion, our findings strongly support the RF model’s effectiveness in predicting PCDD/Fs TEQ emission from MSWIs.