Garbage Collection Service Research Articles

Rewang sebagai Rintisan Program Kepedulian Lingkungan Berkelanjutan Berbasis Komunitas di Desa Sambilawang Kecamatan Trangkil Kabupaten Pati

This study aims to reveal how an environment-based community service program in the "REWANG" (Resik-Resik Sambilawang) program, a community service program in the field of sustainable and community-based environment in Sambilawang Village, Trangkil District, Pati Regency. "Rewang" is a real work lecture (KKN) program conducted by students of Institut Pesantren Mathali'ul Falah Pati in Sambilawang Village. The method or approach used in implementing this "Rewang" program is the ABCD (Asset Based Communities Development) method, namely asset-based community empowerment. The result of this research is that the "Rewang" program involves three main pillars of community empowerment, namely: environmental, economic and educational pillars. The Rewang program in the environmental sector includes: First, river normalization and sterilization. Secondly, the formation of the "Rewang" Team, which comes from the community of Sambilawang Village. The "Rewang" program in the economic sector is to initiate a garbage collection service team. Rewang's programs in the education sector are: Firstly, housekeeping training for students. Second, the environmental cleanliness campaign movement.

Contributions to a global understanding of socioenvironmental justice related to urban forest: Trends from Brazilian cities in the southeastern Paraná State

Global studies on urban forests (UFs) have extensively covered both environmental and social aspects, including concerns about public health and green solutions provided by trees and forests in cities. However, this trend has not been widely observed in South America, particularly in cities located outside and distant from capital cities and wealthier regions. So, this study examines disparities in socioenvironmental justice of cities in the poorest region of Paraná State, Brazil, comparing to Curitiba (CWB), the capital and one of the greenest cities of Brazil, and proposes a methodology to surpass the scarcity of adequate dataset. A four-dimensional analysis covers the configuration of UF landscapes, the provision of ecosystem services, accessibility to UF, and their interrelation with socioeconomic indicators. We used high-resolution multispectral images from PlanetScope Dove and employed a machine learning algorithm to accurately map UF. We quantified landscape patterns of UFs using a variety of landscape metrics (LM), including mean patch area (AREA_MN), percentage of the landscape class (PLAND), largest patch index (LPI), mean shape index (SHAPE_MN), and the percentage of similar adjacencies (PLADJ). Additionally, we estimated ecosystem services such as total biomass (TB), carbon stock (TCS), carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq), urban heat island (UHI), and available public green areas (PGA). We created accessibility maps to PGA at distances of 300 and 800 m. A Mann-Kendall correlation analysis was employed to explore the relationships between these variables and various socioeconomic indicators, including the percentage of people in households without adequate water supply and sewage (TAEE), the percentage of the population living in urban households without garbage collection service (TPSL), the illiteracy rate of the population aged 15 years or older (TANAL), the proportion of people with per capita household income equal to or less than half minimum wage at year of 2010 (TVULNER), the number of schools (SCHOOLS), and the number of permanent residents (MPERM). The Sen's slope test was performed to determine the magnitude of these correlations. Our four-dimensional analysis revealed significant disparities in the distribution and accessibility of ecosystem services within the cities of southeastern Paraná State when compared to CWB. Correlation analyses revealed significant discrepancies between different socioeconomic conditions and the availability of ecosystem services. Financial vulnerability is positively correlated with ecosystem services, while the lack of sanitation negatively impacts their availability. The results highlight the urgent need for equitable distribution of UF ecosystem services.

A Qualitative Analysis of Urbanization and Menstrual Health Among Young Women.

This qualitative study, grounded in theory, employed inductive coding for analysis, focusing on menstrual health among urban women aged 10-25. The research aims to explore the menstrual health status, practices, and beliefs of participants. The research delves into the impact of recent government initiatives on menstrual health and assesses the role of urbanization in shaping evolving menstrual health practices among young girls. Employing in-depth qualitative methods such as interviews and focus group discussions, the study seeks a comprehensive understanding of participants' experiences and perceptions related to menstrual health. The dynamics of women's menstrual experiences are significantly influenced by urbanization, heightened exposure to social media, evolving lifestyles, and government initiatives like the distribution of menstrual products in schools and the enhancement of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities in government institutions. Positive shifts have been observed, including reduced restrictions on menstruating individuals, enhanced access to affordable hygiene products, and improved disposal facilitated by municipal garbage collection services. However, notable gaps persist in basic knowledge about menstruation, hygienic practices, effective interpersonal communication with schoolteachers or community health care workers, and compliance with government programs promoting weekly iron-folic acid supplementation and biannual Albendazole intake, calling for substantial improvement.

Evaluation of Domestic Solid Waste Management in Cai Rang District, Can Tho City, Vietnam

The study was conducted to evaluate the management of domestic solid waste in Cai Rang district, Can Tho city. The study conducted sampling of domestic solid waste from 20 households in four wards Le Binh, Hung Phu, Ba Lang, and Tan Phu within 07 days from March 6 to 12, 2023. At the same time, three groups of subjects including 120 households, 3 Environmental Managers, and 3 employees of Urban Environment Joint Stock Company were interviewed to collect information. The result showed that the average domestic solid waste generation coefficient reached 0.28 kg/person/day, and the amount of domestic solid waste generated can reach about 11,027.3 tons by the end of 2023. Of which, up to 91% of the volume of domestic solid waste was recyclable, including 52% of biodegradable organic waste, and 39% of recyclable waste. As for domestic solid waste management, there was still a limitation in classifying waste at source, this rate only fluctuates between 43.4-86.7%. Besides, the rate of households registered for domestic solid waste collection service had a difference between urban and rural areas, fluctuating from 76.7-96.7%. After being collected, domestic solid waste was transported to the Can Tho household waste incineration plant (EB plant). Meanwhile, the remaining amount of domestic solid waste was treated using unsanitary landfill methods, and thrown into rivers, causing environmental pollution, and public health. Although propaganda activities related to domestic solid waste management were carried out in four wards in Cai Rang district, Can Tho city. However, the level of implementation of these activities was not regular. From that, the study identified a number of difficulties in domestic solid waste management, including solid waste that was not completely classified at source, and garbage collection services that were not organized throughout the area. The district lacked specialized waste collection vehicles after classification, and public propaganda, and education work were limited. This research will help local authorities come up with specific solutions to improve the quality of solid waste management in Cai Rang district, Can Tho city.

Effects of Outsourcing Support Services on Organizational Performance: The case of Iringa Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (IRUWASA), Tanzania

The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of outsourcing services on organisation performance at Iringa Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (IRUWASA). Specifically, the study was guided by the following objectives: to assess the effect of outsourcing cleaning services on organisational performance, to investigate the effect of outsourced garbage collection services on organisational performance and to assess the effect of outsourced stationery outsourcing services on organisational performance at IRUWASA. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design, where data were collected at one point in time. The targeted population of this study were all employees (48) from IRUWASA. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyse data. Major findings from the study showed that cleaning, garbage collection and stationery outsourced services positively impacted IRUWASA performance. The results also revealed that outsourcing resulted in cost savings in all three aspects of cleaning, garbage collection and stationery outsourcing of about Tsh. 12,309,000 (56.89%); 19,520,000 (55%) and 12,309,000 (36.73%) respectively. Results from correlation and multiple linear regression showed the adjusted R2 equals 0.640, implying that the model explains about 64% variations in organisation performance, while all the independent variables were found statistically and positively significant, influencing the dependent variable. The study concludes that outsourcing services improve organisational performance. The study recommends that the government and other institutions discern the potential benefits of outsourcing services in terms of cost-effectiveness, resource allocation, and the optimisation of core functions

Transition to a circular economy-inspired waste management system

Waste management is a challenging topic that requires constant attention. In order to successfully eradicate waste, all relevant parties must work together. Desa Pahlawan's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 are just one example of the many cross-cutting issues being addressed by communities. The research presented here aims to explain how to implement a green recovery stimulus by analyzing circularity-based waste management. Doing so is important for a number of reasons, including preventing damage to the environment, economy, communities, and quality of life of rural areas, and enjoying the benefits that follow. This is due, in part, to the fact that garbage collection services in rural areas receive inadequate budgets from the government, even for the modern category of garbage. Waste management can be optimized by empowering the community, so that the system created can be carried out in a sustainable manner.

Evaluation Of The Level Of Usefulness Of The "Jeknyong"�Application Using The Computer System Usability Questionnare (CSUQ) Method

The Jeknyong application (Ojeke Inyong) is a household garbage collection service application with a transaction value. However, the use of the Jeknyong application has not been maximized because there are obstacles, such as several features still in development. This study discusses the Evaluation of the Level of Usability of the "Jeknyong" Application using the Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ) method, where Usability is a technique to find out how easily users can use the system, how efficiently and effectively the system can help users achieve goals. Data collection used a questionnaire with Banyumas community subjects who knew the Jeknyong application. The results are in the form of an indexed percentage of 85% in the Agree Interval category. The first variable System Usability (SYSUSE) evaluation results were 5135 or in the agreed interval. The second variable Information Quality (INFOQUAL) was 4588 or in the Fairly Disagree category. The third variable, Interface Quality (INTERQUAL), was 2039 or in the Agree category; the third variable, Overall Usability (OVERALL), gets a result of 709 or is in the Strongly Agree interval.

PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF ASPECTS AFFECTING WASTE BANK PERFORMANCE

The aim of the research is to find out the aspects that influence the performance of the waste bank in dealing with waste. The source of the research data was 125 customers of the garbage bank in the Kauman sub-district. Data collection techniques using observation and questionnaires. The data analysis uses percentages. The results of the study: the main aspects that affect the performance of the waste bank are the management of the waste bank 121 (97%), the second is provision of garbage collection services 108 (86%), the third is the socialization of the existence of a waste bank 94 (75%), the fourth is economic and social benefits 89 ( 71%), the fifth is the availability of trash carts 25 (20%), and the sixth trash can facility is 15 (12%).

Determinants of household waste disposal practices and implications for practical community interventions: lessons from Lilongwe

Open waste disposal has a negative effect on local ecology, economy, and public health. Understanding factors influencing waste disposal decisions is necessary for developing solutions to curb open waste disposal. This paper discusses the associations between household’s social demographic and spatial characteristics with preference for domestic waste disposal. The paper also utilizes this knowledge practical community action. This was achieved by gathering and examining a novel dataset of the waste disposal patterns of 200 randomly chosen households in Malawi. We observed that households were likely to dispose of their waste openly when the residential unit was closer to an existing open waste disposal site. A multinomial logistic regression model showed that the likelihood of choosing waste disposal methods, such as private garbage collection services, is higher when the household head is a woman, the housing unit is owned by the occupants, or in situations where a fence is present around the housing unit. We presented these findings to the neighborhood community development committee. A short-term community waste management plan was created using a participatory community planning approach. The plan included co-designing waste disposal solutions with landlords, setting up community waste bylaws, and intensifying civic education activities. In conclusion, our study provides insights into the factors that influence households’ disposal behavior. This unique case study highlights a potential approach for developing waste management policies using a bottom-up approach.

Partnerships in place: Facilitating rural local government entrepreneurialism in Newfoundland and Labrador

AbstractRural local governments across Canada, including those in Newfoundland and Labrador, struggle with many of their day‐to‐day operational activities, including providing appropriate drinking water, wastewater, and garbage collection services, among other essential services, and rarely have capacity to facilitate local economic development activities. In recent times, entrepreneurialism has been noted as having potential for rural local governments, yet little research has been completed to determine its presence and relevance for municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador. In response, we examined eight case study local governments in Newfoundland and Labrador to determine if, and how, entrepreneurialism was present in municipal efforts to increase economic prosperity in their communities. Findings suggest that while rural local governments continue to face challenges due to declining support for rural development from provincial and federal governments and increased downloading of responsibilities, some communities have established ways to remain resilient through partnerships and building on place‐based assets. This exploratory study provides a basis for further in‐depth research to determine the extent and approaches to entrepreneurialism in local government in rural Newfoundland and Labrador.

Penerapan Computer Mediated Communication Mobile Application Mall Sampah Sebagai Layanan Penjemputan Sampah di Era Digital

Mall Sampah is present as a solution in effective and efficient waste management that seeks to utilize waste, which has the advantage of added value and utilizes mobile application-based technology. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of CMC in a mobile application-based garbage collection service in the digital era. The research method used in this study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. With data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews with informants. The results of the study found that the application of CMC in the Garbage Mall application can fulfill three important assumptions in CMC, namely communication as a process of exchanging information, where in this application communication interactions have been built between Garbage Mall users and collectors, then mediation acts as a technology that can assist in transferring information such as the Garbage Mall application and several supporting platforms in user communication and garbage pickers such as Whatsapp Messenger, email and telephone, after that the last basic assumption is that the computer is a tool in running technology so that humans can still interact with each other such as using cell phones/ smartphone.

Understanding the key factors determining rural domestic waste treatment behavior in China: a meta-analysis.

The growing interest of policy-makers, environmental stakeholders, and academics in rural domestic waste treatment has made it a recent focus of research in the field of rural human settlements. Many studies have been conducted to understand the related factors; however, their results are inconsistent. Therefore, different from previous studies, the study systematically analyzed and summarized empirical studies on rural domestic waste treatment and explored the key factors that fostered and impeded it. It also examined the reasons for differences in research level and trends in key factors over time. A random-effects meta-analysis of 24 studies revealed that education, political status, perceived value, behavioral attitude, subjective norm, garbage collection facilities and services, environmental knowledge and propaganda, and government policy and regulation had a significant positive correlation with rural domestic waste treatment; perceived value had the highest impact, followed by behavioral attitude. All of the variables had significant heterogeneity. Some of the heterogeneity can be explained by differences in research methods, sample size, and variable measurement methods. An increasing trend was observed in the effects of perceived value, behavioral attitude, and subjective norm. Finally, based on these results, the study provided suggestions on policy and academic aspects.

Numerical Evaluation of Garbage Collection Services by Mathematical Programming and Geographic Data

Numerical Evaluation of Garbage Collection Services by Mathematical Programming and Geographic Data

Water and Sanitation in Slum Settlement: Case Study of Kaliawi, Indonesia

As stated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), water and sanitation are basic human needs that must be met to support livelihoods. However, in many developing countries, the issue of inequality continues to be faced, especially in slum settlements. The research was conducted in an area of slum settlements, in Kaliawi Village, Bandar Lampung to reveal the accessibility of water and sanitation using questionnaires and observation. The output is mapped using a spatial analysis approach. Furthermore, crosstab is used to analyze the possibility of internal factors affecting the condition of infrastructure provision in each house. The results showed that a large number of houses do not have a water source, some houses do not have septic tanks, the existing drainage network is not connected, and areas are not served by garbage collection services. Occupation, education level, land ownership status, and physical condition of the house are related to access to clean water and sanitation available in each house.

Research on Design of Management System Based on Garbage Classification

In recent years, the term "garbage classification" has become a hot topic. Facing the severe environmental situation, our country has begun to implement a garbage classification system in some cities. By designing a garbage sorting system, this paper analyzes and designs from the aspects of system analysis, system design, system implementation, system use and maintenance. The system analysis is carried out from the feasibility analysis, including economic, technical and management feasibility analysis; the system design mainly elaborates the system design purpose and the UML modeling diagram involved in the system; the system implementation includes the selection of the system development tools and software Hardware environment design; In addition, it also contains system operating instructions and maintenance instructions. Provide users with garbage type inquiry services, fast access to information, accurate release, improve citizens' environmental awareness, provide garbage collection services at home, bring convenience to citizens, and assist in the implementation of the garbage classification system.

Multiscale environmental determinants of Leishmania vectors in the urban-rural context

BackgroundIn South America, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are emerging diseases, expanding in the border area of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Outbreaks of CL were reported since the 1990s, with Nyssomyia whitmani as the main vector in this region. Regarding VL, urban reports started in 2010 with Lutzomyia longipalpis as the main vector. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental determinants related to the main vectors of leishmaniasis, to contribute to the prevention and control response to the emergence of VL and CL in the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay border region.MethodsThe cross-sectional survey includes two cities and two close rural areas in the Argentinean Northeast Region, between November 2014 and January 2015, with a total of 95 sampling sites. REDILA-BL traps were set for three consecutive nights, and a total of 68 meso- and microscale environmental and landscape characteristics were surveyed. The association between vector abundance with different variables was evaluated using a generalized linear model with zero-inflated negative binomial distribution. We analyzed females for detection of Leishmania DNA.ResultsThe analysis for Lu. longipalpis indicates an excess of absences when the mean NDWI around the sites were higher. The abundance of Lu. longipalpis at mesoscale level was higher when more urban services were present, and when blood sources such as chickens or dogs at the microscale level were present. For Ny. whitmani, no variable was found to be associated with the absences, while its abundance increased in association with the following variables: percentage of tree cover, presence of garbage collection service, hosted people and, at microscale, the presence of poultry. Leshmania infantum DNA was detected in 2/49 (4%) Lu. longipalpis.ConclusionsThe abundance of both species is influenced by variables at different scales, their influence probably has a hierarchy and they are acting on different aspects of the biology of these vectors. The urban spatial segregation of Lu. longipalpis and the peri-urban and rural segregation of N. whitmani increase the risk of VL and CL. The selection of the better variables for each scale will allow the design of appropriate control strategies depending on species.

Epidemiology and predictors of occurrence of SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI infection in a low-endemicity area in northeast Brazil

In Latin America 96% of the cases of schistosomiasis occur in Brazil in low-socioeconomic status populations. The epidemiological characteristics and occurrence predictors of Schistosoma mansoni infection were determined in the Bananeiras community, located in Capistrano, a town in Ceará state, Brazil. Sanitary, environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. An investigation to assess S. mansoni infection was conducted using the Kato-Katz and Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) methods. From the 258 subjects were analyzed, 54.3% (n=140) were women, median age 30 years. Thirty-three (12.8%) individuals were positive by either egg- and/or CCA-positivity. The highest positivity rate was found in the 30-39 year old group. There was no piped water supply, sewage network or municipal refuse collection service. Most individuals were illiterate or had not finished elementary school (66.3%). About 29.1% of the families had a monthly income below one Brazilian minimum wage and 91.1% reported contact with natural water sources. We found an association between infection and age group of 20-40 years, illiteracy, household with 7 inhabitants or more, household with up to 3 rooms and an outhouse. Contrarily, being 40 years old or older and household with up to 6 inhabitants were not risk factors. Schistosomiasis remains a public health problem in this municipality, evidencing a strong association with low socioeconomic conditions and high vulnerability. These findings reinforce the importance of identifying the factors associated with the infection for more effective guidance in actions in control programs targeting schistosomiasis prevention and control. 
 KEY WORDS: Schistosomiasis; Schistosoma mansoni; epidemiology; predictors; low endemicity;urim antigen.

서비스 디자인 방법론을 적용한 농촌 마을 주거환경 서비스 개선 연구 – 충청남도 홍성군 장곡면 도산2리 마을을 중심으로 –

The purpose of this study utilizes the service design methodology centered on the lives and experiences of rural residents, who are the main beneficiaries of the service, to derive specific problems and needs, and to propose a service improvement plan suitable for the rural residential environment. The study selected Dosan 2-ri Village, Hongseong-gun, Chungcheongnam-do as the target of the survey, used personas and Customer Journey map of service design method to derive specific core issues and insights from the village residents. By developing this, the final five service directions for ‘Air care service’, ‘Self-driving garbage collection and treatment service’, ‘Emergency/disaster networking service’, ‘Contaminant removal service’ and ‘Mobility share service’ were derived and presented according to each key keyword. This study is not just a study to grasp the actual conditions of the rural residential environment, but it focuses on the lives and experiences of rural residents and extracts elements that can respond to changes in the lifestyles and patterns of the residents. It can be used as a basic material for more realistic improvement of rural residential environment and service development research. Most of the existing studies on residential environments and spaces is focused on urban areas, and there is a limit to the use of rural areas in residential areas. Therefore, by making recommendations for improvement of residential environment services suitable for rural areas and by creating residential spaces and environments in rural areas in a comfortable and safe manner, it is thought that it is possible to contribute to improvement of satisfaction in rural areas and improvement of healthy housing welfare as well as to improvement of the quality of life of residents of rural areas.

Geographies of local government

Geographies of local government

Service delivery challenges in Protea Glen, Johannesburg

Background: Protea Glen is located in the north of Lenasia and west of Soweto. The face value of Protea Glen is massively disappointing, as the streets are dirty, sewerage pipes are always leaking, rubbish is dumped on every street corner and the streets have potholes and are in a poor condition. Aim: This article, within the framework of good local governance theory, examines the status of service delivery and institutional measures for improvement in Protea Glen. Setting: The study is based in Protea Glen, Region D: wards 13 and 135. It falls within the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng province, South Africa. Methods: The study adopted a mixed-method data collection approach in conducting the research, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys, supplemented with a literature and document review. Results: The findings revealed several causal factors leading to poor access to water, poor sanitation, inappropriate sewerage services, lack of refuse collection and inadequate electricity services in Protea Glen. Conclusion: The study proposes recommendations, such as the use of effective technology, educating the community, improving communication and enhancing citizen participation, which all municipalities in general and Protea Glen in particular should take into consideration.