Gaps Problem Research Articles

ABSENCE OF GAPS IN INSURANCE LAW AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS

Abstract: the article is devoted to absene of gaps issue of the insurance law. The approaches are considered to the definition of the absence of gaps problem and to the effectiveness of the institution of law. The conclusion is made that the general absence of gaps in the insurance institution is achieved by using the relative absence of gaps presumption that involves the potential ability of the law enforcement officer to establish the rights and obligations of the parties to the insurance legal relationship which is not covered by a specific rule of law, by using regulatory generalizations and other regulators. One of the possible ways to achieve the relative absence of gaps in the institution of insurance is the development and adoption of the Russian Federation Insurance Code as a comprehensive codified act aimed at the national regulation of the heterogeneous relations mediated by a special type of activity – insuring.

Theoretical and experimental study on multibeam synthetic aperture sonar.

High-resolution imaging method is one of the researching focuses of underwater acoustic detection. Underwater small-target detection also requires detailed imaging technology. Multibeam echo sounders (MBESs) and synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) are the effective instruments widely researched to obtain underwater acoustic images. Constrained by the theory, the along-track resolution of MBES decreases with distance and the gaps problem of SAS always exists and both inevitably limit the quality of acoustic imaging. In this paper, a two dimensional multibeam synthetic aperture sonar (MBSAS) model is designed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional underwater imaging instruments. MBSAS can provide a three dimensional (3D) high-resolution acoustic image without a gap problem. An echo model and transducer array manifold are designed to meet the requirements of engineering applications. Imaging theory and target simulations prove the feasibility of the MBSAS model. The performance of the proposed model is demonstrated with a tank experiment. A detailed image is obtained through an experiment that can indicate the shapes of targets and has the ability to separate adjacent targets. The simulations and experimental results indicate that MBSAS can obtain a more detailed 3D full-scan image than conventional MBES and SAS system with a better energy focusing ability.

The Quack of the Gaps Problem.

The article examines the controversy surrounding facilitated communication (FC). Topics discussed include the release of a commercial for electronics company Apple which depicts an autistic child typing a message on an iPad with the assistance of a facilitator and the independent controlled experiments involving autistic children and their facilitators. Views on FC as a failed intervention for autism and the efforts of proponents in promoting FC as a fundamental right are mentioned.

Discovering Patterns With Weak-Wildcard Gaps

Time series analysis is an important data mining task in areas such as the stock market and petroleum industry. One interesting problem in knowledge discovery is the detection of previously unknown frequent patterns. With the existing types of patterns, some similar subsequences are overlooked or dissimilar ones are matched. In this paper, we define patterns with weak-wildcard gaps to represent subsequences with noise and shift, and design efficient algorithms to obtain frequent and strong patterns. First, we convert a numeric time series into a sequence according to the data fluctuation. Second, we define the pattern mining with weak-wildcard gaps problem, where a weak-wildcard matches any character in an alphabet subset. Third, we design an Apriori-like algorithm with an efficient pruning technique to obtain frequent and strong patterns. Experimental results show that our algorithm is efficient and can discover frequent and strong patterns.

Mind the Croc! Rationality Gaps vis-à-vis the Crocodile Paradox

This article discusses rationality gaps triggered by self-referential/cyclic choice, the latter being understood as choosing according to a norm that refers to the choosing itself. The Crocodile Paradox is reformulated and analyzed as a game—named CP—whose Nash equilibrium is shown to trigger a cyclic choice and to invite a rationality gap. It is shown that choosing the Nash equilibrium of CP conforms to the principles Wolfgang Spohn and Haim Gaifman introduced to, allegedly, guarantee acyclicity but, in fact, does not prevent self-referential/cyclic choice and rationality gaps. It is shown that CP is a counter-example to Gaifman's solution of the rationality gaps problem.

Dictionary matching with a few gaps

The dictionary matching with gaps problem is to preprocess a dictionary D of total size |D| containing d gapped patterns P1,…,Pd over an alphabet Σ, where each gapped pattern Pi is a sequence of subpatterns separated by bounded sequences of don't cares. Then, given a query text T of length n over Σ, the goal is to output all locations in T in which a pattern Pi∈D, 1≤i≤d, ends. There is a renewed current interest in the gapped matching problem stemming from cyber security. In this paper we solve the problem where all patterns in the dictionary have one gap or a few gaps with at least α and at most β don't cares, where α and β are given parameters. Specifically, we show that the dictionary matching with a single gap problem can be solved in either O(dlog⁡d+|D|) preprocessing time and O(dlogε⁡d+|D|) space, and query time O(n(β−α)log⁡log⁡dlog2⁡|D|+occ), where occ is the number of patterns found, or preprocessing time and space: O(d2+|D|), and query time O(n(β−α)+occ), where occ is the number of patterns found. We also show that the dictionary matching with k gaps problem, where k≥1, can be solved in preprocessing time: O(|D|log⁡|D|), space: O(|D|+d(c1log⁡d)kk!), and query time: O((β−α)k(n+(c2log⁡d)kk!log⁡log⁡|D|)+occ), where c1,c2>1 are constants and occ is the number of patterns found. As far as we know, these are the best solutions for this setting of the problem, where many overlaps may exist in the dictionary.