Memory Gaps Research Articles

Continuous Time Experience: Conceptualizing the Memory gaps of Smartphone use for UX Design

Continuous Time Experience: Conceptualizing the Memory gaps of Smartphone use for UX Design

A Hypnotic Analogue of Clinical Confabulation

Confabulation—fabricated or distorted memories about oneself—occurs in many disorders, but there is no reliable technique for investigating it in the laboratory. The authors used hypnosis to model clinical confabulation by giving subjects a suggestion for either (a) amnesia for everything that had happened since they started university, (b) amnesia for university plus an instruction to fill in memory gaps, or (c) confusion about the temporal order of university events. They then indexed different types of memory on a confabulation battery. The amnesia suggestion produced the most confabulation, especially for personal semantic information. Notably, subjects confabulated by making temporal confusions. The authors discuss the theoretical implications of this first attempt to model clinical confabulation and the potential utility of such analogues.

Abstract 289: Patient Experience of Cardiac Arrest and Hypothermia Treatment

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) claims an estimated 300,000 lives in America each year even with cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) efforts. Additionally, of the patients who survive CPR and are discharged, many have suffered anoxic brain injury. Clinically, mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) immediately post CA increases the odds of survival as well as improves neurological recovery and outcomes 6 months post-CA. Studies report that a small percent of CA patients recall their experience, but little is known regarding patient recall of hypothermia treatment post CA. This qualitative study seeks to understand the experience of survivors of CA and TH. Methods: A qualitative phenomenology study was conducted at a single center with survivors 12-24 months following CA and TH. Face-to-face or telephone interviews were audio recorded with each subjects’ permission and then transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were read in their entirety and searched for meaning-units that coalesced into themes. Consensus was achieved by all 3 nurse researchers and member-checked by being posed to a panel of survivors (1 was a subject of this study) which demonstrated thematic saturation yielding credible and trustworthy findings. Results: Six 6 survivors (67% [4 of 6] male, age 19-72 years) were interviewed. Four overall themes emerged: Memory gap - CA- “I can tell you what people told me, because I don’t remember it” and TH -“I don’t remember being cold or uncomfortable or anything like that” ; Filling in the gaps - “Several doctors, from what I understand, told my sister that I would have at least 70% brain loss if I was to wake up” “Everything was told to me”; and Misconceptions - “Even though I have a pacemaker/defibrillator it only operates one side; it doesn’t operate the whole heart. At least that’s what they told me anyway” “Of course, they told me if (my heart rate) got to 300, my heart would explode” ; and Divine coincidence - “My son had just taken a CPR course” “There was a nurse in the restaurant I was at” . Additionally, several patients provided unsolicited compliments of the staff - “I got absolutely outstanding care there ¼ I believe because they got me into hypothermia protocol so quickly, that was probably one of the contributing factors to my success” . Though one patient stated “I wish they’d left me alone” as he had unknowingly been resuscitated against his wishes. Conclusions: Survivors of CA and TH report memory gaps, and then strive to fill in the gaps by family and staff descriptions. Additionally, survivors easily identified an unexplained coincidence that they felt allowed them to successfully recover from their CA. Further study is warranted regarding whether the creation of a specific treatment plan to assist in the accurate recall and story would enhance survivors and family in recovery.

Lay DSM Guide Describes Trauma, Dissociative, Somatic Disorders

Lay <i>DSM</i> Guide Describes Trauma, Dissociative, Somatic Disorders

Follow-up visit in an ICU: receiving a sense of coherence.

To describe patients' experiences of a follow-up visit to an intensive care unit (ICU) after being critically ill and nursed there. Knowledge about the follow-up visit needs to be developed, with the previously critically ill patient in focus. Qualitative descriptive. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine patients and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The data collection occurred during spring 2014. During the follow-up visits in ICU, the relatives, the patient diary, and those who took part in the care contribute to fill memory gaps to create a picture and an explanation of the care period. The follow-up visit is an important tool in the patients' struggle to create a context and coherence from a missing or unreal time. The patient diary is essential to subsequently be able to relate to the period of care. The follow-up visit, together with a personal diary, after an ICU stay could be seen as significant for strengthening the patients' feeling of coherence and better health.

Safety and efficacy of ketamine infusion in late onset depression, and conversion to treatment response.

Byline: Shrikant. Srivastava, Radhey. Gangwar, Ambrish. Kumar Sir, Response rates to first line antidepressant therapy are abysmally low, and more so in older adults. Ketamine has been used successfully in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and in nongeriatric population, with response rates at 24 and 72 h postinfusion being 25−85% and 14−72%, respectively.[sup][1] The postulated mechanism of action is through antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.[sup][2] A 65-year-old retired civil servant, living with her husband had fourth episode of depressive illness. In the last 3 years, the illness showed increasing resistance to antidepressant medication(s) with each additional episode. The first episode remitted with escitalopram (10 mg/day), the second episode required higher dosage of escitalopram (40 mg/day), and later, augmentation with amisulpride 25 mg/day, and the third episode remitted with duloxetine (up to 60 mg/day) (as she had relapsed while on escitalopram) and amisulpride 100 mg/day. In the Inter-episode period, the patient had attended all follow-up appointments and continued with prescribed medication. In this episode, she had failed treatment with duloxetine + amisulpride, agomelatine, and agomelatine + amisulpride, respectively. Informed consent was obtained from the patient. Ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg diluted in 100 ml of normal saline) was given over 40 min, under the supervision of consultant anesthetist (RSG). Ratings of mood (Hamilton rating scale for depression [HAMD])[sup][3] and side effects (Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale)[sup][4] were undertaken on morning of the infusion, and 1, 2, and 4 h following infusions, and on in between days of the infusion [labelled as postinfusion days in Table 1]. Four days after the 4[sup]th infusion (HAMD = 10), the patient feeling very much improved subjectively, the ketamine infusions were discontinued, with the provision that further infusions may be required if the depressive symptoms recurred. Agomelatine 50 mg/day was continued through the infusion period and in the follow-up phase.{Table 1} Remission (HAMD The side effects reported with the infusions were − alteration of passage of time (infusion 3, hours 1 and 2) and mild gaps in memory (infusion 4, hour 2). …

Continuous Time Experience: Conceptualizing the Memory gaps of Smartphone use for UX Design

Continuous Time Experience: Conceptualizing the Memory gaps of Smartphone use for UX Design

The use, prevalence and potential benefits of a diary as a therapeutic intervention/tool to aid recovery following critical illness in intensive care: a literature review.

To critically appraise the available literature and summarise the evidence related to the use, prevalence, purpose and potential therapeutic benefits of intensive care unit diaries following survivors' discharge from hospital and identify areas for future exploration. Intensive care unit survivorship is increasing as are associated physical and psychological complications. These complications can impact on the quality of life of survivors and their families. Rehabilitation services for survivors have been sporadically implemented and lack an evidence base. Patient diaries in intensive care have been implemented in Scandinavia and Europe with the intention of filling memory gaps, enable survivors to set realistic recovery goals and cement their experiences in reality. A review of original research articles. The review used key terms and Boolean operators across a 34-year time frame in: CIHAHL, Medline, Scopus, Proquest, Informit and Google Scholar for research reports pertaining to the area of enquiry. Twenty-two original research articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. The review concluded that diaries are prevalent in Scandinavia and parts of Europe but not elsewhere. The implementation and ongoing use of diaries is disparate and international guidelines to clarify this have been proposed. Evidence which demonstrates the potential of diaries in the reduction of the psychological complications following intensive care has recently emerged. Results from this review will inform future research in this area. Further investigation is warranted to explore the potential benefits of diaries for survivors and improve the evidence base which is currently insufficient to inform practice. The exploration of prospective diarising in the recovery period for survivors is also justified. Intensive care diaries are a cost effective intervention which may yield significant benefits to survivors.

Krzesiny i Kreising – między pamiętaniem a pomijaniem. Polskie miasteczko wobec historii, pamięci i rywalizacji w cierpieniu

The area around Krzesiny, located near the city of Poznań, Poland, witnessed several dark events during World War II: Germans oppressed the local population, culminating in a terrorizing action dubbed “akcja krzesińska;” also, a forced labor camp, named “Kreising,” was built near the township, housing mainly Jews. After the war, the suffering in Krzesiny was remembered, but selectively – “akcja” and other forms of Polish suffering were commemorated, while the camp was not. By exploring the “lieux de mémoire” in Krzesiny – dynamics of memory in a small township in Poland – this paper uses localized research to address the issue of gaps in collective memory and commemoration. We briefly look at the relevant history, Polish memory regarding wartime events in Krzesiny, and the postwar dynamics of collective memory. Discussing the latter, we identify a new phenomenon at work, one which we dub “collective disregard” – group neglect of the past of the “Other” that occurs without clear intent. We argue that “collective disregard” is an issue that naturally occurs in the dynamics of memory. By making a deliberate investment in balanced remembrance and commemoration, societies can counter the tendencies of “disregard” and curb the controversies of competitive victimization claims, also called “competitive martyrdom”.

Memory and the body

Early psychoanalysis could be viewed as memory-centred. Emerging from the cathartic method of Breuer and Freud, Freud stated that the aim of the new treatment was to remove the amnesias, that is, fill in the memory gaps, thus making what was previously unconscious due to resistances accessible to consciousness. This was seen as the main curative factor. As we know, psychoanalysis developed in various directions during its first decades. With Reich and his followers, an increasing attention was paid to character, muscular tensions and bodily positions at the expense of working with psychological material like memories and phantasies. However, repetitions in transference and acting out may also be considered aspects of memory, and in that sense, their importance has been retained in all psychoanalytic developments. The aim in this article is to highlight various aspects of remembering and to make a plea for a differentiated view of memory in the current practice of psychoanalysis; in that respect, it is an example of returning to Freud.

‘You put it all together’ – families' evaluation of participating in Family Health Conversations

To evaluate the Family Health Conversations from the perspective of families living with chronic illness. This study has a descriptive qualitative design using semi-structured evaluative family interviews and conventional content analysis. The study was approved by a Regional Ethical Review Board. Family Health Conversations were used as an intervention with 14 families living with chronic illness. The outcome measures consisted of evaluative family interviews. Families' experiences of the conversations embraced their structure and the interactions with the conversation leaders. All families were satisfied with the conversations, pointing to the importance of having them early in the illness process. The opportunity to talk with someone outside the family was strongly emphasised as promoting well-being. The experienced significance of the conversations was captured in four categories: creating a whole picture, that is, being given the opportunity to listen to other family members' experiences and fill in potential memory gaps; making the situation manageable, that is, receiving support from other participants in order to handle problems and gain control; facilitating healing, that is, being able to tell their story about what had previously been 'the unspeakable'; and strengthened family cohesion, that is, increased understanding for each other's experiences, thus bringing family members closer together. Most families were partners, which could possibly limit transferability of the findings to families constituted by couples. Family Health Conversations should be offered as a part of standard care shortly after diagnosis and at various transitions in life.

Sticktion

In the quest for better service design, hospitality and service firms have often been frustrated to find that service experiences that are based on what customers say they want are not always successful. A psychological analysis of this phenomenon suggests the following premises: (1) Customers’ memory of an experience fades quickly; (2) customers’ memory of an experience comprises many sub-experiences; (3) customers’ memories of experiences are multidimensional and unintuitive; and (4) consumers cannot accurately predict what they will learn or remember. The goal of an experience design is to create a series of sub-experiences that will “stick” with the customer. This “sticktion” analysis is applied to the practical challenge of redesigning the customer experience at Pizza Hut UK. This consumer research provides a test of the four premises and an application of the underlying sticktion principles. Surveys of Pizza Hut customers found that the existing experience had its bright spots but was generally forgettable. Not only could customers not predict what they would remember about the experience, but one week after visiting the restaurant, the customers also filled in memory gaps with details that did not appear on their initial description of the visit. Even more troublesome was the fact that the invented details tended to be negative. To fill these gaps, the researchers tested specific aspects of the experience that would “stick” and included those in the new restaurant concepts. Using this approach, the chain was able to roll out new concepts that met with initial favorable results.

Delirium and Mania With Catatonic Features in a Brazilian Patient: Response to ECT

Delirium and Mania With Catatonic Features in a Brazilian Patient: Response to ECT

Women's Experiences, Emotional Responses, and Perceptions of Care After Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy: A Qualitative Survey of Women from 6 Months to 3 Years Postpartum

Little is known of the experience and perceptions of care for survivors of emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH), an obstetric event that is increasing in incidence. We sought to explore women's experiences of EPH to make recommendations for care. This qualitative study utilized purposive sampling through an online support group of women who experienced EPH. Eligible participants were at least 18years old, had their hysterectomy at least 6months but no more than 3years before the interview, had a surviving infant associated with the delivery, and did not report suicidal ideation. In-depth, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted and analyzed using Constant Comparative Analysis. Kappa statistics assessed interrater reliability for two independent coders. Fifteen women participated with a mean age of 32.5years. Most had a cesarean section, with uterine atony as the most common indication for EPH. Kappa statistics indicated near-perfect interrater agreement between two coders, ranging from .82 to .89. Seven major themes were identified: fear; pain; death and dying; numbness or delay in emotional reaction; bonding with baby; communication; and the need for information. Psychological upset occurred postpartum and was often delayed. A major finding is the need for additional follow-up visits to address the emotional after-effects and to fill in gaps in women's understanding and memory of what had occurred. Understanding women's experiences with EPH can help practitioners address not only women's initial complications but provide needed long-term support.

Pictures of Peace and Justice from Nuremberg to the Holocaust: Nuremberg: Its Lesson for Today, Memory of the Camps, and Majdanek: Cemetery of Europe - Missing Films, Memory Gaps and the Impact beyond the Courtroom of Visual Material in War Crimes Prosecu

The present article examines three ‘missing’ films and their significance for memory and historiography of the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal and the Holocaust: Nuremberg: Its Lesson for Today, Memory of the Camps and Majdanek: Cemetery of Europe. Between them, the three ‘missing’ films contain material that is absent from collective memory and, in some regards, scholarship. The ‘missing’ films reflect the ‘missing’ message of the ‘real’ Holocaust in the 1940s and 1950s. They offer the material that, with wider circulation, might have adjusted the character and compound fallacies of collective memory, and filled a ‘gap’ in that memory. The article contributes to the historiographies of film, Nuremberg and the Holocaust in three ways. First, we offer the first scholarly treatment of the document and film Nuremberg: Its Lesson for Today. Secondly, we offer the first examination of film and the IMT beyond the courtroom. Finally, we bring together the little-known and little-registered Soviet-Polish material of Majdanek: Cemetery of Europe, which captures the apparatus of the Nazi extermination camps, in a unified analysis with the more familiar western Allies’ film and the Nuremberg narrative, which, uniquely for its time, clearly identified Jews as the primary victims of the Nazis. In doing so, we show that both film evidence of those camps and a focus on Jews as primary victims could have emerged far earlier had these film documents not been suppressed, unfinished or overlooked.

ICU survivors’ utilisation of diaries post discharge: A qualitative descriptive study

BackgroundA growing body of evidence has confirmed that intensive care unit survivors encounter myriad of physical and psychological complications during their recovery. The incidence of psychological morbidity in intensive care survivors is increasingly being recognised. The causes of psychological morbidity are multi-factorial but may be associated with a complete lack of, or delusional recall of events in intensive care. Intensive care unit diaries are an initiative designed to enable survivors to help restore factual memories and differentiate those from delusional. PurposeTo explore survivors’ and family members’ perceptions and utilisation of diaries following discharge from hospital. MethodA single centre qualitative descriptive study was undertaken in a general intensive care unit in Western Australia. Participants were surveyed 3, 6 and 12 months following discharge from hospital. Eighteen participants completed one or more surveys. FindingsMany of the participants who completed the surveys read their diaries but few made entries in them following discharge. Reading the diaries evoked mixed emotions for these participants; however they still viewed the diaries as a positive initiative in their recovery. Diaries enabled survivors to fill the memory gaps, make sense of their experience and reinforced the human connection when they were immersed in a technological environment. ConclusionUse of patient diaries was received positively by the participants in this study. Diaries are a simple, cost effective initiative which enabled survivors to piece together the time they had lost, concreted their experience in reality and enabled them to retain a connection with their loved ones whilst immersed in a technological environment.

The Secret Adoptee's Cookbook

The Secret Adoptee's Cookbook

Cognitive Impairment: Pearls for Practice

Some degree of memory problems, as well as a modest decline in other thinking skills, is a fairly common part of aging. There's a difference, however, between normal changes in memory, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and the type of memory loss associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) and related dementias. As people age, they may experience some occasional memory gaps, such as not remembering someone's name that they haven't seen recently or where they put their keys. What's not normal and suggests an MCI diagnosis are additional concerns in the areas of language, judgment, and problem-solving or more frequent memory loss, which is 1 of the first or more recognizable signs of dementia. Section Editor Laurel Halloran, PhD, APRN, is coordinator of the master's and doctoral programs in nursing at Western Connecticut State University and a family nurse practitioner.

European Television Archives, Collective Memories, and Contemporary Art

The article discusses three moving image artworks produced since 2009, by Finnish artist Laura Horelli, Serbian artist Bojan Fajfrić, and Slovenian artist Aleksandra Domanović, featuring material from television archives in Finland or the countries of Former Yugoslavia. These artworks include fragments of educational programs, coverage of political meetings and title sequences for evening news programs, broadcast during the 1980s or early 1990s. All three artists focus on familial and national connections to the archived material, and use practices of re-editing, re-enacting and re-mixing to situate television in relation to other technologies of media storage and retrieval. As these three artworks focus on failures, absences and gaps in television memory, they offer a counterpoint to the notions of collectivity often emphasized in theorisations of the media event (Dayan and Katz, 1992). The article also considers the work of Fajfrić, Horelli, and Domanović in relation to a broader interest in television history and archives, evident amongst contemporary artists and curators since the mid-2000s.

Three Dimensions of Dissociative Amnesia

Principal axis factor analysis with promax rotation extracted 3 factors from the 42 memory and amnesia items of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID) database (N = 2,569): Discovering Dissociated Actions, Lapses of Recent Memory and Skills, and Gaps in Remote Memory. The 3 factors' shared variance ranged from 36% to 64%. Construed as scales, the 3 factor scales had Cronbach's alpha coefficients of .96, .94, and .93, respectively. The scales correlated strongly with mean Dissociative Experiences Scale scores, mean MID scores, and total scores on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV Dissociative Disorders–Revised (SCID-D-R). What is interesting is that the 3 amnesia factors exhibited a range of correlations with SCID-D-R Amnesia scores (.52, .63, and .70, respectively), suggesting that the SCID-D-R Amnesia score emphasizes gaps in remote memory over amnesias related to dissociative identity disorder. The 3 amnesia factor scales exhibited a clinically meaningful pattern of significant differences among dissociative identity disorder, dissociative disorder not otherwise specified–1, dissociative amnesia, depersonalization disorder, and nonclinical participants. The 3 amnesia factors may have greater clinical utility for frontline clinicians than (a) amnesia as discussed in the context of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, nosology of the dissociative disorders or (b) P. Janet's (1893/1977) 4-fold classification of dissociative amnesia. The author recommends systematic study of the phenomenological differences within specific dissociative symptoms and their differential relationship to specific dissociative disorders.