Implementation Gap Research Articles

A Review of the Effectiveness of the Sierra Leone Mining Policies in Sustainable Environmental Management

The mining industry is a key driver of revenue in Sierra Leone and plays a crucial role in the country’s economy. However, its environmental impacts have become one of the most significant challenges facing the nation. This study assesses the effectiveness of mining policies in Sierra Leone in promoting sustainable environmental management. While legal frameworks such as the Mines and Minerals Act of 2009 and the Environmental Protection Act of 2008 have been established, enforcement remains a major challenge, contributing to ongoing environmental degradation and social conflicts. The study identifies key gaps in policy implementation, including limitations in institutional capacity, financial resources, and community engagement. Comparisons are made with mining policies in countries like Ghana, Australia, and South Africa, highlighting the importance of effective environmental regulation and robust enforcement mechanisms. The study concludes with recommendations for improving the governance framework, enhancing the capacity of regulatory agencies, and fostering greater community participation to support sustainable development in Sierra Leone’s mining sector.

Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST): Exploring Perspectives of Trained Practitioners on the Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of CST for People Living with Dementia

Dementia is recognised as a disability under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). People with disabilities like dementia have the right to access specialised health and social care services, including interventions that support independence and community participation. Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is an evidence-based psychosocial intervention that improves cognition, communication, confidence, and quality of life for people living with dementia (PLwD), but an implementation gap means that CST is often not available. This study examines whether trained CST practitioners implemented CST, their perceptions of the acceptability and efficacy of CST, whether the perceived acceptability and efficacy of CST predicted implementation, and practitioners’ opinions on the barriers and facilitators to CST implementation. A mixed-methods approach was used, with 62 participants (91.9% female). Although 95% of participants were trained to deliver CST, 45.2% did not facilitate CST groups. Statistical analysis showed that perceived efficacy significantly predicted both the likelihood of running CST groups (p = 0.006) and the number of groups delivered (p = 0.01). Thematic analysis of qualitative data identified the three key themes of ‘resources’, ‘awareness and education’, and ‘acceptability of CST’. Overall, the results show that while CST is acceptable and deemed highly effective, resources and staffing often impede implementation. The results are discussed in the context of prioritising the rights of people with disabilities and recommendations are made on improving access to evidence-based support.

Factors influencing type 2 diabetes self-management practices in rural Bangladesh: a qualitative investigation

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent, chronic health condition of global significance, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately affected. Diabetes self-management practices (DSMP) are the gold-standard treatment approach, yet uptake remains challenge in LMICs.Purpose of the studyThis study aimed to explore the barriers to and facilitators of DSMP and preferences for intervention design and delivery in Bangladesh, an LMIC, with prevalent T2DM.MethodsSixteen qualitative focus group discussions (FGDs) with adults with T2DM and their caregivers were conducted in rural Bangladesh to explore preferences, barriers, and facilitators for community DSMP-related intervention programs. Data were thematically analyzed using a deductive theoretical domains framework (TDF) underpinned by the socio-ecological model.ResultsOverall, 117 participants (n = 58 with T2DM and n = 59 caregivers) were included in the analysis. Five overarching themes were identified, including (i) implementation of DSMP, (ii) community spirit and interconnectedness, (iii) environmental influences, (iv) healthcare professionals’ role in DSMP, and (v) government support. Key barriers to DSMP identified for T2DM patients include knowledge implementation gaps, cultural practices, limited resources, and financial constraints. Facilitators include motivation, support from family and peers, and religious practices. Rural Bangladeshis prefer programs delivered at community clinics, viewing them as reliable, culturally appropriate central ‘hubs’ to assemble.ConclusionBarriers to and facilitators of DSMP were identified, and preferences for intervention design and delivery for implementing DSMP were explored. The findings provide a foundation for the critical need to implement programs that improve DSMP in Bangladesh, with the potential to translate to other LMIC settings.

The green hydrogen ambition and implementation gap

Abstract Green hydrogen is critical for decarbonizing hard-to-electrify sectors, but it faces high costs and investment risks. Here we define and quantify the green hydrogen ambition and implementation gap, showing that meeting hydrogen expectations will remain challenging despite surging announcements of projects and subsidies. Tracking 190 projects over 3 years, we identify a wide 2023 implementation gap with only 7% of global capacity announcements finished on schedule. In contrast, the 2030 ambition gap towards 1.5 °C scenarios has been gradually closing as the announced project pipeline has nearly tripled to 422 GW within 3 years. However, we estimate that, without carbon pricing, realizing all these projects would require global subsidies of US$1.3 trillion (US$0.8–2.6 trillion range), far exceeding announced subsidies. Given past and future implementation gaps, policymakers must prepare for prolonged green hydrogen scarcity. Policy support needs to secure hydrogen investments, but should focus on applications where hydrogen is indispensable.

Mobility Challenges and Inclusive Solutions for People with Physical Disabilities in India

This study examines the complex mobility challenges encountered by individuals with physical disabilities in India and seeks to identify inclusive solutions that can improve their accessibility and autonomy. Significant barriers to their full societal participation include inadequate infrastructure, limited transportation options, societal stigma, economic constraints, and gaps in policy implementation. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this research incorporates surveys, interviews, and field observations to analyze these issues. The findings underscore the critical need for enhanced accessibility standards and their enforcement, increased investment in accessible transportation, greater affordability and availability of assistive devices, as well as inclusive educational and employment opportunities. Additionally, public awareness campaigns are essential to address social stigma. The research advocates for a comprehensive framework of inclusive solutions, which encompasses universal design principles, accessible transportation systems, assistive technologies, support services, policy advocacy, and participatory design methodologies. By adopting these strategies, India can foster a more inclusive and equitable society, enabling persons with physical disabilities to fully exercise their right to mobility and engage meaningfully in all facets of life. The researchers are collaborating with a prominent NGO active in the field of disability in Bengaluru, and a study involving beneficiaries of CSR Program driven in association of NGO partner is planned.

Rural Fish Enterprise Growth Based on Entrepreneurial Practices in Tanzania

Purpose: The research aimed to compare the growth of rural fish enterprises among the fish traders in the Misungwi and Magu districts. Precisely, the research fulfilled objectives are to (i) establish associations between fish traders’ innovation mindset, market orientation and risk-taking and (ii) establish if a statistical difference exists between Misungwi and Magu enterprises owned by fish traders. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research was cross-sectional, using a sample of 297 fisher and fish traders from the Misungwi and Magu districts in the Mwanza region along Lake Victoria. The sample choice procedure was proportionate stratified sampling, given that the populations of fishers and fish traders in the Misungwi and Magu districts differed. Crosstab was performed to generate Chi-Square values to measure associations among associated variables. Further, computations of Phi coefficients were undertaken to measure the size effect of the associations established. An independent samples t-test afterwards was conducted to estimate the differential existence of rural fish enterprises between Misungwi and Magu fish traders. Findings: The results further illustrate that statistically, the age of fish traders, experience in business, startup capital, capital invested in 2023 and number of employees at start-up were different between Misungwi and Magu fish traders and their differences using Eta Squared were estimated to be small for age of fish traders, experience in business and number of employees while that of startup capital invested and capital invested in 2023 were moderate. Research Limitation: Due to time and financial resources, the research was restricted to Misungwi and Magu districts in the Mwanza region and adopted only quantitative data capture. Practical Implication: The results will inform the industry's formulation of collaborative programmes for capacity building for fish traders in financial management, marketing, and entrepreneurship. Social Implication: A flourishing Fisher enterprise will have a spillover effect on the rural community by increasing the employment rate and livelihood. Originality/ Value: This research represents a significant advancement in understanding and developing rural fish enterprises through entrepreneurial approaches, filling a crucial gap in academic literature and practical implementation.

Inclusion of cross-cultural care training in humanitarian aid: A scoping review.

Cross-cultural care creates environments where people from diverse cultural backgrounds can access healthcare without facing discrimination based on their beliefs or identity. Humanitarian aid workers need the knowledge and skills to effectively address the needs of diverse populations. In humanitarian aid, cross-cultural care training is crucial for delivering culturally sensitive healthcare in challenging environments. The aim of this study was to explore the available scientific evidence on the inclusion of cross-cultural care training in international humanitarian aid settings. A scoping review was conducted, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Lilacs, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Evidence Aid, and grey literature sources were searched for studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese from 2003 to 2023. Data were extracted using a standardized form and analyzed according to the JBI scoping review methodology. The review included 23 publications, consisting of 13 academic articles (57%) and 10 grey literature sources (43%). These were categorized into Recommendations, Guidelines, Experience in Implementation, and Teaching Materials. Findings highlighted the importance of incorporating cross-cultural care training into humanitarian organizations. Various guidelines for integrating cultural aspects into training were identified. Some organizations have implemented such training and documented their experiences. Additionally, certain international humanitarian organizations have established web-based educational resources to enhance cultural knowledge and awareness among their staff. Integrating cross-cultural care training into the operations of international humanitarian aid organizations is recommended to mitigate disparities in healthcare access. The limited number of records identified highlights a significant gap in research, implementation, and documentation on this topic.

The Inviolability of the ‘Essential Core’ of Human Rights: An Intersectional Feminist Vindication

Navigating the jurisprudence of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Committee, the UN Committee on the Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, and the European Court of Human Rights, this article shows that while the two committees are by and large committed to the idea of absolute inviolability of “essential core” of human rights, the Court shows an erratic commitment to the same. This article dubs commitment to absolute inviolability as essentialist and commitment to violability (i.e., “essential core” being violable under certain circumstances), as non-essentialist, and argues in favour of an essentialist approach.This article argues that commitment to essentialist approach can potentially help solve the prioritization/hierarchization dilemma, reduce the implementation gap between Civil and Political (CP) and Economic, Social and Cultural (ESC) rights, and in a way contribute to reconciling the universalist agenda of the International Human Rights Law (IHRL) with cultural relativism— each of these specifically speak to the feminist approaches to, and critiques of, the IHRL more generally and the intersectional feminist approaches to IHRL in particular. This motivates the author to call her standpoint in favouring the essentialist approach, an intersectional feminist one. Dhaka University Law Journal, 2024, 35 (1), 177-192

REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a significant global health challenge, jeopardizing the efficacy of antibiotics and leading to increased healthcare costs, patient morbidity, and mortality. Objectives: This review explores key pharmacological strategies to combat antibiotic resistance, highlighting their effectiveness, challenges, and potential for application in healthcare settings. It also identifies gaps in current practices and proposes future research directions. Methods: A narrative synthesis of recent literature was conducted, focusing on strategies such as antimicrobial stewardship programs, combination therapies, personalized medicine, rapid diagnostics, and novel treatments. Results: Antimicrobial stewardship programs were found to be central to optimizing antibiotic use and reducing resistance. Combination therapies and personalized medicine further enhance treatment precision and efficacy. Emerging innovations, including artificial intelligence and advanced materials like nanoparticles, offer promising solutions. However, implementation gaps, particularly in resource-limited settings, and high costs of novel technologies remain significant barriers. Conclusions: This review underscores the importance of integrating evidence-based pharmacological strategies with emerging technologies to address antibiotic resistance. Future research should prioritize scalable, cost-effective interventions and a greater focus on community and outpatient settings to complement hospital-based efforts.

Leveraging climate resilience capacities by (un)learning from transdisciplinary research projects

Climate adaptation in Europe faces a significant implementation gap: while high-level policies set ambitious resilience goals, local knowledge integration and policy uptake remain slow due to entrenched institutional routines. Reflecting on lessons from three transdisciplinary European projects, this article aims to provide a fresh perspective on how climate resilience can be effectively enhanced through projects that facilitate institutional (un)learning. We tailor a climate resilience capacities framework to diagnose stewarding, unlocking, transforming and orchestrating capacities that enable coordinated shifts from risk-averse to risk-embracing adaptation. These capacities emerge from, and generate, processes that actively dismantle obsolete learnings while fostering novel, resilience-oriented behaviors and routines. Key examples include climate resilience pathways and the empowerment of champions and institutional entrepreneurs, an integrated approach and neutral facilitation and the formation of networks such as Communities of Practice and Real-World Labs. We propose that, while already successful ex-post, embedding this thinking at the conceptualization phase can further accelerate the transition to adaptive societies capable of embracing uncertainty and enhancing climate resilience.

Climate Diplomacy: Unlocking International Cooperation for a Sustainable Future

Climate diplomacy has become an essential mechanism for fostering international cooperation to combat the global crisis of climate change. This study explores its growth, successes, and challenges, offering understandings into its transformative journey from fragmented environmental determinations to a more cohesive and inclusive global context. Landmark agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, and Glasgow Climate Pact have marked important milestones, driving progress toward global climate goals. However, modern experiments geopolitical tensions, economic disparities, and implementation gaps threaten the efficiency of these initiatives. The research highlights the essential role of international association in addressing transboundary climate issues. It postulates the need for just mechanisms of climate finance to enable the developing nations, and integrates science and technology for policy orientation and innovation. The study provides actionable strategies that tackle persistent barriers such as increasing transparency and trust through independent assessments, equitable technology sharing, and building on regional and subnational initiatives. It concludes that climate diplomacy has made considerable strides but needs sustained commitment and inclusive approaches to bridge the gaps in finance, trust, and implementation.

The analysis of the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Programs at the South Buton Regency General Hospital

Background: This study analyzes the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) program at the Regional Hospital of Buton Selatan using bivariate analysis. The results show that the OHS input variable (X1) has a moderate correlation with the OHS output (Y1) with a coefficient value of 0.434. The correlation between the OHS process (X2) and the OHS output (Y1) is categorized as low with a value of 0.390. Meanwhile, the combined correlation of input (X1) and process (X2) to output (Y1) is 0.475, which falls under the moderate category. Method: The research used is qualitative phenomenology to understand and describe the dominant accident-causing factors from mining accident phenomena in transportation activities using trucks. The research employed a cross-sectional design conducted between July and August 2024. Using proportionate stratified random sampling, 60 employees participated by completing structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlation to evaluate relationships between input (policies, resources), process (OHS management practices), and output (safety outcomes). Results: Buton Selatan Regional General Hospital (RSUD Buton Selatan) has been a type C healthcare facility since 2022. As a government-owned hospital, its main vision is to become the best healthcare provider in Southeast Sulawesi by 2030. The implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety in Hospital (K3RS) program shows good management of facilities and infrastructure but still requires improvements in policies, human resources, and hazardous waste management. Conclusion: The study highlights gaps in OHS program implementation, particularly in process components. Recommendations include increasing OHS-certified personnel, enhancing risk management protocols, and regular evaluations to ensure compliance and effectiveness.

Gaps and Challenges in Implementing NTEP at Field Level in Tribal Areas Through GIS Technology

Objective: Tribal population, because of their limited access to quality TB services and increased risk of TB due to biological and behavioural factors, are categorized as "key population groups" for TB . There are many established gaps in NTEP delivery in tribal areas. Using GIS mapping will help understand and address most of these challenges. Hence, the present study aims to find out the gaps in NTEP implementation among tribal populations using GIS technology. Methodology: This is a Community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Paderu area, Alluri Sita Rama Raju (ASR) District, a tribal area near Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh state. Under Paderu TU, there are three PHCs: G madugula, Minimuluru, and Gemmili. All the patients registered for Tuberculosis during the second (April-June) and third (July-September) quarters of 2022 in the study area were included in the present study. Results: Out of 61 cases, the follow-up visits were hindering among 70% of patients. Nearly half of the cases were located beyond 5kms radius from the health facility, hindering the access and utilisation of health services. 91.5% of the patients did not receive voice messages or calls regarding health education for compliance with drugs. All patients did not receive DBT for 1year. 20% of the patients expressed concerns related to cultural factors like forbidding them from some food items and associated stigma by restricting them from attending school. Conclusion: The identified gaps were interconnected and require comprehensive solutions. Factors such as stigma and cultural beliefs, will require more time to overcome.

Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment in High TB-Burden Settings: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The burden is highest in some low- and middle-income countries. One-quarter of the world's population is estimated to have been infected with TB, which is the seedbed for progressing from TB infection to the deadly and contagious disease itself. Although some individuals may clear their infections through innate and acquired immunity, many do not. People living with HIV, TB-exposed household contacts, other individuals recently infected, and immunosuppressed individuals are at especially high risk of progressing to TB disease. There have been major advances in recent years to support the programmatic management of TB infection. New tests of infection, including those that predict progression to TB disease, have become available. Numerous World Health Organization-recommended TB preventive treatment (TPT) regimens are available for all ages and for both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB infection. All regimens are generally safe, efficacious, and cost effective and have a low risk of generating resistance. TPT is recommended for pregnant women who are at risk for developing TB, but some regimens are associated with an increased likelihood of poor obstetric and fetal outcomes, and newer regimens have not yet been tested in pregnancy. New formulations of rifapentine-based TPT have been developed, and the cost has been radically reduced. Innovative models of delivery to support the scale up of TPT have been developed. Modeling suggests that scaling up TPT, especially regimens with optimal target product profile characteristics, can contribute substantially to ending the TB epidemic. The global uptake of TPT has increased substantially, especially for people living with HIV. Implementation gaps remain, particularly for children, pregnant women, and other household contacts. Further innovation is required to support the continued scale up of TPT and to contribute to ending the TB epidemic.

Challenges and opportunities in implementing and enforcing India's loose cigarette sales ban: A qualitative stakeholder analysis.

Several Indian states have banned the sale of loose cigarettes, and India is considering a national ban. This study examines the perceptions of policymakers, implementers, and law enforcement officials regarding the implementation and enforcement of this ban. Between May-October 2022, we conducted in-depth interviews with 26 key stakeholders involved in tobacco control in two Indian cities, Delhi (where the ban was not implemented) and Mumbai (where the ban was in effect). Participants included representatives from various government departments such as police, municipal corporations, FDA, health, and civil society organizations / NGOs such as Vital Strategies, World Health Organization, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and local NGOs. Interviews explored policy awareness, implementation and enforcement status, and factors influencing implementation and enforcement of the ban. Interview transcripts were organized in NVivo, and reflexive thematic analysis was conducted. In Mumbai, awareness of the ban was poor among implementers and law enforcers, including FDA, municipal, and police officials, while it was higher among health department officials and NGOs directly involved in tobacco control. Participants from Mumbai expressed that the implementation and enforcement of the ban was poor and loose cigarettes were still widely available. Main barriers to policy implementation included unclear implementation guidelines, poor awareness among tobacco vendors, limited resources, and lack of stakeholder commitment for tobacco control. Participants from both the cities emphasized the need for a vendor licensing system, imposing hefty penalties, imparting health education, and a multi-sectoral approach for effective policy implementation and enforcement. Limited awareness of the ban and continued sale of loose cigarettes highlight gaps in policy implementation and enforcement. Effective policy implementation and enforcement requires raising awareness regarding the policy, adopting a tobacco vendor licensing system, and establishing clear implementation guidelines involving a multi-sectoral approach.

Forest and Land Fire Management in Indonesia: Unveiling the Implementation Gaps of Law No. 32 of 2009 in Palembang

Forest and land fires (Karhutla) pose a significant environmental threat in Indonesia, particularly in Palembang. Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management provides a framework for fire prevention and mitigation. This study evaluated the law's implementation effectiveness in addressing Karhutla in Palembang. A socio-legal approach was employed, utilizing primary data from interviews with key informants (government officials, law enforcement, community leaders, and residents affected by fires) and secondary data from legal documents, reports, and academic literature. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used to identify themes and patterns. The study revealed that Law No. 32 of 2009 has not been effectively implemented in Palembang. Weaknesses were identified in law enforcement, inter-agency coordination, resource allocation, and community engagement. While a clear legal framework and stakeholder support exist, implementation is hindered by limited resources, inadequate sanctions, and low public awareness. In conclusion, to improve Karhutla management, strengthening law enforcement, enhancing inter-agency coordination, increasing public legal awareness, and ensuring adequate resource allocation are crucial.

Examination of Gender Mainstreaming Policies in Mbhashe and Port St John's Local Municipalities, OR Tambo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa

This study utilised a qualitative research approach to comprehensively assess gender mainstreaming policies in Mbhashe and Port St John's local municipalities within the O.R. Tambo District of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. Through focus group discussions with government officials, community leaders, and civil society representatives, diverse perspectives on gender issues and policy challenges were explored. Document analysis of relevant reports and policy documents provided additional context. Thematic analysis of the data identified recurring themes and related to gender mainstreaming policies, ensuring a clear understanding of their effectiveness and implementation gaps. The findings revealed Mbhashe's proactive measures to empower women in leadership roles contrasted with Port St John’s concerns about biases and unintended consequences in policy execution, highlighting the complexity of achieving comprehensive gender equality. Recommendations include enhancing educational programmes, awareness campaigns, fostering community involvement, and leveraging partnerships with religious, traditional and community leaders to promote inclusive practices and address structural inequalities, thus advancing sustainable gender equality and social justice agendas.

The Contribution of Environmental Diplomacy to Disaster Risk Reduction

This study critically examines the contribution of environmental diplomacy in disaster risk reduction (DRR), emphasizing its importance in mitigating the impacts of natural hazards exacerbated by climate change. As global environmental challenges increase, the intersection of international diplomatic efforts and DRR becomes essential for promoting resilience and reducing vulnerabilities. Through a comprehensive analysis of the UNDRR Frameworks, this research investigates how environmental diplomacy contributes to DRR by facilitating international cooperation, enhancing resource allocation, and fostering knowledge dissemination. The study employs an interpretive qualitative inductive methodology, incorporating case studies to identify best practices and challenges in aligning environmental diplomacy with DRR objectives. Findings reveal that robust environmental diplomacy significantly enhances disaster preparedness by promoting cross-border collaboration, accelerating access to climate finance, and integrating local capacities into global frameworks. However, challenges remain, particularly in terms of implementation gaps, accessibility to financial resources, and the representation of vulnerable nations in decision-making processes. Key recommendations include strengthening international diplomatic engagements, streamlining climate finance mechanisms, and promoting regional cooperation to address shared risks. Additionally, the study advocates for integrating DRR into national development policies, enhancing community-based resilience efforts, and improving monitoring and evaluation systems to track DRR progress. The research concludes that by reinforcing the synergies between environmental diplomacy and DRR, the global community can better address the increasing risks posed by climate-related disasters and build more sustainable, resilient societies

Urban Resilience through Design: A Holistic Framework for Sustainable Redevelopment of Brownfield Sites

This study presents a holistic framework for sustainable urban design, using the proposed redevelopment design of Berlin's Tegel Airport as a case study. The research addresses the need for comprehensive, real-world applications of sustainable urban design principles in the context of climate change and urban challenges. The proposed framework integrates multiple sustainability elements, including adaptive reuse, innovative energy systems, and a 'resource community' concept. Key features include mixed-use development, a phased approach, and innovative mobility solutions. The study demonstrates the practical application of urban resilience theory, adaptive reuse concepts, circular economy principles, and compact city theory. Findings reveal the potential for significant environmental benefits, including reduced energy consumption and improved resource efficiency. The framework shows promise in fostering social cohesion through mixed-use spaces and community-centered design. Economic implications include creating local job opportunities and the potential for long-term cost savings through efficient resource management. However, challenges such as initial implementation costs and the need for stakeholder coordination are identified. The study contributes to sustainable urban planning by bridging the theoretical concepts and practical implementation gap. It offers a model for transforming urban brownfields into sustainable communities, providing valuable insights for urban planners, policymakers, and developers. Future research directions include longitudinal studies of implemented projects and comparative analyses across diverse urban contexts.

Kedudukan Peserta Program Pendidikan Dokter Spesialis dalam Hak Pengupahan sebagai Tenaga Medis

Doctors are a professional that is needed by society and is a profession that carries a high level of responsibility. To support the capabilities of health workers, medical education has a Specialist Doctor Education Program and a Subspecialist Doctor Education Program. This is intended so that the needs of health workers, especially doctors who have certain health qualifications, can be met. This journal examines further the rights that participants in the Specialist Doctor Education Program and Subspecialist Doctor Education Program should have in carrying out their education. Through a normative juridical approach with qualitative analysis methods, this research explores the existing regulatory framework, identifies gaps in implementation, and formulates comprehensive regulatory solutions. The research results reveal that there is a legal void regarding the status of participants in the Specialist Doctor Education Program and Subspecialist Doctor Education Program, whether as interns or as workers. This research recommends the establishment of a special regulatory framework that regulates the determination of the status of participants in Specialist Medical Education Programs and Subspecialist Medical Education Programs..