Definite Gap Research Articles

Latex Sensitivity in Washington State Acute Care Hospitals

Based on reports from the workers' compensation system and a sentinel health provider network, latex gloves may be one of the most prevalent sources of occupational skin disorders in Washington State's health care industry. To gather information to understand and address this problem, questionnaires were distributed to 105 acute care hospitals in Washington State. Employee health and infection control specialists were queried on their knowledge about latex allergy, the perceived extent of the problem, and the actions taken to address the problem. With 95 of the hospitals returning completed questionnaires (93% response rate), 30% reported having problems with latex allergies among employees in their facility, with most reporting two or fewer cases. Adequate knowledge was found about the causes and effects of latex allergies, but definite knowledge gaps existed. More than 60% of all of the hospitals surveyed had made some type of glove alternatives available to affected employees, 4% had designated latex free zones, 4% had cleaned to remove latex dust, and 7% had done nothing to address the issue.

Josephson plasma resonance in Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}} under parallel magnetic field

Josephson plasma resonance in under-doped Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ single crystals has been observed when magnetic field is applied parallel to the ab plane and its vicinity. The resonance mode splits into two branches at higher and lower temperature regions, and a definite gap appears in the temperature region between them. As the magnetic field is tilted from the ab plane, these branches come closer and finally merge to a single mode. This leads to a general interpretation that the resonance mode observed in a parallel field may be due to continuous extension of the c axis plasma mode. However, splitting of the mode as well as the peculiar temperature dependence of the resonance field, the line shape, and its intensity strongly imply that these behaviors may originate from the inherent resonance modes in parallel field. In particular, the high temperature mode fields goes even higher in temperature beyond the zero field resonance as the field increases, suggesting that a new explanation may be required for the case of parallel magnetic field.

Large scale behavior of kernels of Schrödinger operators

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to Schrödinger equations on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth. As a first application, we get a sharp asymptotic estimate on the Green's function for the Laplacian which sharpens results of Li and Yau. Next we establish a definite gap in the possible rates of decay of exterior harmonic functions on these manifolds. When the manifold also has quadratic curvature decay, we get supremum estimates on the C 2 norm of the Green's function; this has function theoretic implications for these manifolds. We then give a generalization to manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature outside a compact set. Finally, we study Schrödinger operators where the potential decays quadratically at infinity. In this setting, we obtain a geometric version at infinity of a classical theorem of Bers.

Using formal logic to classify vegetation

Suggestions are made to define vegetation units by using formal logic. The characteristics that are used for the definition are logically combined using the AND, OR and NOT operators in such a way that releves can be unequivocally allocated to vegetation units. Among all the characteristics of vegetation species groups are best suited to present allocation schemes for the Braun-Blanquet-system. It is shown that definition gaps within the system can be completely avoided by providing formal allocation rules.

Fracture of ossified Achilles tendon

Ruptures of Achilles tendon are quite common. We here report a case of fracture in an ossified mass of Achilles tendon in an 84-year-old male patient. The mass occurred 78 years following surgery for bilateral equinus deformities of his ankle. Clinically, he had a palpably definite gap in the ossified area of the Achilles tendon, which was confirmed by a roentgenogram and a magnetic resonance scan of his left ankle. He was treated conservatively in a plaster cast for 12 weeks. The overall functional result a year after his treatment was quite satisfactory.

LT-STM/STS observation on different atomic laybers of bscco (2212)

To investigate the intrinsic superconducting electronic state originating in the CuO 2 layer, tunneling spectra were observed on several cleaved surfaces of BSCCO single crystal by using LT-STM/STS. As a result, it was confirmed that two substantially different types of superconducting gap structures were observable on the cleaved surface. One is a definite gap structure with a low conductance level near E F , and was reproducibly observed at some special surface area not covered with a BiO atomic layer. Another is a gapless-like one usually observed on a BiO surface when the STM tip approaches near enough to the surface.

Tunneling observation of phonon contribution to the pairing interaction in oxide superconductors

Tunneling conductance spectra were observed by point contact junction of SIN on single crystals of BSCCO (2212). Outside of the definite gap structure edge, significant fine structures were observed almost reproducibly ranging to 0.2 eV. The conductance derivative peaks both in positive and negative bias range were found in well one by one correspondence with the phonon spectrum peaks reported by Renker et al. [1]. Most of the peak modes were attributed to the optical phonons due to the oxygen oscillations in and around the [CuO 2] n net-plane. Numerical computation in terms of the Eliashberg gap equation was carried out, and the electron-phonon coupling intensity function α 2 F( ω) was elucidated and it turns out that the breathing mode relating to the polaronic valence fluctuations are predominant as compared with the B 1 g mode regarding the spin correlations.

Observation of Multi-Stage Superconducting Gap States in Bi2Sr2CaCu2OxCrystal Surface by LT-STM/STS

Low temperature STM/STS observation for BSCCO single crystal was carried out to investigate an intrinsic superconducting gap state of CuO 2 layer. The STM observation revealed out a mid-level-layer between the top and bottom BiO surfaces of the half unit cell in the crystal c-axis direction. The STS study on this mid-level surface brought a reproducible definite superconducting gap structure which shows a finite gap region with a low conductance level of about 5%, and which also shows a nature of wide range gap parameter of Δ max /Δ min ∼4 with Δ min ∼10 meV. This definite gap structure is considered to be a more direct reflection of the superconducting electronic states of the CuO 2 layer than the superconducting gap structure observed at the top BiO layer.

Du néolithique à la civilisation de l'Inde ancienne : contribution des recherches archéologiques dans le nord-ouest du sous-continent indo-pakistanais

This article develops some of the points which were discussed in the keynote address of the Annual South Asian Conference in Madison in November 1994. The main question was to know what was the true significance of the pre- and protohistorical investigations in the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent for the specialists of the later Indian civilisation. It has often been thought from the archaeological record that a very important break had occurred between the end of the Indus civilisation and the coming of the Indo-Aryans which could mark the true begininng of the Indian civilisation. The controversy between those who assumed that the Indian civilisation owed some of its aspects to the earlier Indus civilisation and those who were convinced that there was very little to sustain such an assumption is still far from being settled. Using some of the new data provided by the work of our archaeological mission in the Kachi/Bolan area (Mehrgarh, Nausharo, Pirak) and the available information about the Indus civilisation, we first stress the fact that many features of the cultures of Balochistan and of the Indus civilisation ranging from craft activities to burial practices are highly original when we compare them with what we know from the contemporary cultures and civilisation of Middle Asia, Central Asia and Egypt. Then our assumption is that such original features including the apparent absence of the royal and religious apparatus found everywhere else in the great civilisations of the Antiquity could precisely provide us with some important key to understand some of the very specific elements of the Indian civilisation. It is also assumed that the particular agricultural system of the Northern part of the subcontinent with the summer flood of the Indus and the summer monsoon is also a major factor which has contributed to the originality of the subcontinent from the Neolithic period till the historical time. Before concluding, the question of the Indo-Aryan invasion is briefly discussed. In spite of obvious factors of continuity between the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC, excavations at Pirak (Balochistan) and in the Swat Valley show the occurrence of major changes around 1800 / 1700 BC. The farming economy with the beginning of the system of two crops a year and the arrival of the first horsemen are among the most spectacular new features of the 2nd millennium BC, in a context antecedent by a few centuries to the earliest possible evidence of the Vedic culture. The gap between the end of the cities of the Indus civilisation and the estimated age of the beginning of the Vedic period is now filled by many archaeological finds which change entirely our perception of the 2nd millennium BC and we can now assess that from the Neolithic time till almost today there has never been in spite of spectacular changes in the course of time, a definite gap or break in the history of the subcontinent.

Tunneling observation of optical-phonon mediation in high Tc superconductivity

Tunneling conductance spectrum could be reproducibly observed by point contact NIS junctions on BSCCO(2212) single crystals. Analysis of the fine structure beyond the definite gap structure enabled us to obtain the pair mediating quasi particle spectrum responsible to the high Tc superconductivity. Most of them were attributed to the optical phonons due to the oxygen oscillations in and around the [CuO 2] net-plane.

Tunneling observation of phonon contribution to the pairing interaction in oxide superconductors

Tunneling conductance spectrum measurements were carried out on BSCCO (2212) and La 2− x Sr x CuO y ( x = 0.2) single crystals. Above the definite gap structure suggesting-wave pairing, remarkable fine structures were reproducibly observed ranging to the bias limit of 0.2 e V. The conductance derivative peaks were compared with the phonon density of states peaks of the oxides reported by Renker et al, and a reasonable peak to peak correspondence turned out. Each peak area reflecting the coupling intensity α 2 ( ω )F( ω ) ω was estimated and the character of the ion oscillation mode is discussed. Beyond the Debye phonon energy further significant peaks are recognized in BSCCO. Some of them correspond to multi-phonon energies, however with unexpectedly strong intensities.

Finding the Household: Conceptual and Methodological Issues

Introduction - K Saradamoni Family and Household as Practical Groups - Roland Lardinois Preliminary Reflection on the Hindu Joint Family Gaps in Definitions and Analysis - N J Usha Rao A Sociological Perspective Women and the Household - U Kalpagam What the Indian Data Sources Have to Offer Household in the Martilineal Societies of North East India - D N Majumdar Nishing Longhouse as a Household - Kiran Mishra Working Class Women in an Indian Metropolis - Alice Thorner and Jyoti Ranadive A Household Approach Women, Reproduction and Work - K Saradamoni Who Heads the Households? Women in Households in the Philippines - Jeanne Frances I Illo Household in Korean Rural Community Studies - Oakla Cho The State, Changes in Family Life and Lives of Women in Vietnam - Le Thi Women and the Household - INSTRAW

Effect of water spray on lining materials and their adhesion to composite and dentin cavity walls

The effect of an air-water spray on the adhesion of lining materials to both overlying composite restorations and cavity walls was evaluated. An in vitro study was performed on extracted molar teeth: Two resinous light-cured liners and one calcium hydroxide, chemically activated liner were compared. Teeth were restored with composite materials and subjected to cyclic thermal changes so that microleakage could be evaluated. Results indicated that adaptation between the restorative material and the liner was effective, regardless of whether the oxygen-inhibited layer was removed by being rinsed. A definite gap was detected between the liners tested and the dentin cavity walls.

An analysis of research in information systems from the IS executive's perspective

While it is imperative for IS research to address the issues of concern to practitioners in the field, it is arguable whether this is being adequately done. This paper examines the extent to which research over the past decade has addressed those issues important to practitioners. A list of 26 key issues is used to categorize 858 articles published in four major IS outlets. The amount of research on each issue is then compared with the importance rating of the issue by practitioners over the decade 1977–1986. The study reveals a definite gap between what the IS executives consider important and what is being researched. It also demonstrates that IS researchers tend to concentrate on narrow technical issues rather than broad managerial issues. The implications of this study strongly suggest that IS researchers should pay greater attention to the concerns of practicing managers.

AN ASSESSMENT OF NURSING STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE OF AND MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT AGING

The purpose of the study was assess the subjects’ knowledge of and misconceptions about aging. The population consisted of 48 nursing students. The instruments used were Palmore's Facts On Aging Quizzes (FAQ's), Parts I and II and the Aging Semantic Differential. No significant difference was found between the means.of first and second‐year students on the FAQ, Part I, but a difference (p < .05) was found on the FAQ, Part II. The means on the Aging Semantic Differential differed significantly on only one of the 15 polar adjectives. The data indicated that the population had definite knowledge gaps about gerontologic information and apparently had accepted several common misconceptions about the elderly.

Detection of Immune-Associated Genetic Markers of Human Disease

In his introductory remarks, Dr. Reilly indicates that he wrote this book in an attempt to help young physicians learn the principles of ambulatory medicine. He has succeeded in this effort. In my opinion, this work fills a definite gap in the present array of medical textbooks about outpatient care. This is not a comprehensive text that reviews every disease that afflicts human beings. Rather, it describes an approach to problems commonly encountered by internists in outpatient practice: low-back pain, sore throat, diarrhea, headache, knee pain, urinary tract infections in female patients, vulvovaginal disorders, genitourinary infections in male patients, shoulder pain, dizziness, abdominal pain, cough, and chest pain. The author uses a format of illustrative case histories followed by a discussion of diagnostic methods and treatment modalities. The cost-effectiveness of specific diagnostic studies related to each problem is thoroughly and thoughtfully covered. Although this format is generally good, the key instructive points are scattered throughout the discussion of the case history. Consequently, each chapter is easy to read independently, but answers to specific questions cannot be found easily and quickly. The quality of coverage of the individual topics, although generally good, ranges from superb (low-back pain and cough) to just adequate (chest pain). Each topic is extensively referenced, and the book has an abundance of illustrations, useful algorithms, and tables of differential diagnoses. In summary, this book was a pleasure to review. It supplements the existing textbooks of medicine, which generally cover individual diseases admirably but often are deficient in their presentation of practical approaches to the common symptoms of patients. Young physicians at any level of training should find this work interesting and well worth the investment of $44.50. Moreover, experienced physicians should find the book easy to read and replete with practical hints that might refine their clinical skills in a variety of areas.

Toward a Theory of Social Support: Closing Conceptual Gaps

We define social support as “an exchange of resources between two individuals perceived by the provider or the recipient to be intended to enhance the well‐being of the recipient.” We then discuss the assumptions and implications of this definition and address several gaps in the support literature. Specifically, we consider the costs and benefits of supportive exchanges for both participants, the dual and possibly incongruent perceptions of support held by the provider and the recipient, and the importance of non‐network sources of support. In addition, we distinguish between the health‐sustaining versus health‐compensating functions of support and how these functions link with the resources provided in supportive exchanges. We next address the factors that can influence support effects and suggest a broad range of outcomes for both the provider and the recipient. Finally, we distinguish the dimensions of support from the contextual variables that can influence its quality and effectiveness.

A study of the family Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) using the methods of numerical taxonomy

The taxonomic history of the family Phytoseiidae is briefly reviewed. The taxonomic structure of the family is analysed using the methods of numerical taxonomy, with 221 morphological characters in 93 species covering the major taxonomic groups that have been proposed within the family. Both weighted and unweighted character analyses are used. It is shown that definite gaps separate groups of species within this family. At the level of major hierarchical separations both the unweighted and weighted character analyses are similar. A classification based on these major hierarchical separations is proposed. It is demonstrated that neither the classical system, based mainly on dorsal chaetotaxy, nor the numerical system alone provides a completely acceptable classification of the family, but that numerical taxonomic analyses are useful as a tool in helping to determine the hierarchical organization of the group.

Recent developments in kinetic theories

Abstract The physics and mathematics departments and the research division of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, assisted by E.G.D. Cohen of Rockefeller University and R. Dorfman of the University of Maryland, hosted a conference on kinetic theory a t the Continuing Education Center, on the Campus of Virginia Tech. Conferences on neutron transport theory are held regularly on the Virginia Tech campus, at two year intervals (for summaries of the 1973 and 1975 meetings see TTSP 3, 65 and 4, 105.) and this particular meeting had its genesis in the 1975 Transport Theory Conference, wherein it was proposed that an intermediate conference dealing with the cross - fertilization of ideas in various areas of kinetic theory would fill a definite gap. In particular, because of certain similarities in many of the problems in kinetic theory as well as in the techniques employed to solve them, it seemed desirable to investigate whether workers in different areas of irreversible statistical mechanics w...

Early changes of endothelial clefts after thermal injury

As early as 5–10 min after the application of a mild burn on the skin of a rat (54°C for 20 sec), discrete changes occur in the small vessels (arterioles, capillaries, venules) of the exposed dermis. These lesions appear to result from irregular dilatations of interendothelial clefts, with partial damage of the endothelial cell membrane. Passage of ferritin through vessel walls is not seen until 30 min to 1 hr later, when definite gaps are observed between endothelial cells. The finding of such early lesions may be of assistance in the interpretation of the pathogenesis of delayed increase of small vessel permeability as well as in the study of physiopathology of endothelial junctional complexes.