Gansu Research Articles

Analysis on genotype distributions and epidemiological characteristics of Yersinia pestis plague foci in Gansu province

To study the genotype distributions and epidemiological characteristics of Yersinia pestis in Gansu province. Primers were designed according to the confirmed 23 differential sections, to genotype the 202 Yersinia pestis DNA of Gansu province by PCR, and to analyze its distribution and epidemiological characteristics. Yersinia pestis in Gansu province could be divided into eight genotypes: 1b, 5, 7, 8, 13, 26, new genotype 1 (GS1) and new genotype 2 (GS2). They were distributed in various regions. 1b, 8 and GS1 genotypes of Yersinia pestis had been identified since 1960s but the 7, 13 and 26 genotypes had not been isolated for more than 40 years while GS2 and 5 genotypes had been isolated since 1990s. 1b, 8 and GS1 genotypes of Yersinia pestis continued to be violently prevalent since 1960s but 7, 13 and 26 genotypes had not been isolated for more than 40 years while GS2 and 5 genotypes had started to be popular since 1990s.

Mechanisms and prospect of celecoxib in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer

Gansu province is a high incidence area of gastric cancer,and the mortality caused by gastric cancer ranks first in China.A safe and effective treatment of gastric cancer is the key point in the research.In recent years,tumor-targeted therapy has become a new research direction along with the gradually increased understanding of the molecular biology of cancer mechanism.Several studies have shown that increased expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumor.Celecoxib,a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug,is a novel COX-2 selective inhibitor which can significantly reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancy,and inhibit tumorigenesis through inhibiting tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis,inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells,reversing multidrug resistance,enhancing the cytotoxicity and radiosensitivity of chemotherapy drugs,and producing synergistic effects with combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Therefore,celecoxib has the potential to be the treatment of choice for gastric cancer. Key words: Gastric neoplasms; Celecoxib; Cyclooxygenase-2

Survey on behaviors of health in poverty area from the mid-west four provinces of China

To understand ways of life among poverty-stricken farmers from western areas of China. Questionnaires on ways of life were designed, using cluster random sampling method to study 5516 rural residents, aged 15 - 69, from 84 administrative villages, 42 project townships and 16 project counties in Shanxi and Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang provinces. 5343 valid questionnaires included 2178 males and 3165 females, with the average age as 43.4 years old. 2965 people were with minority ethnicities and another 2378 were Hans. Most of the respondents had received junior high school (37.7%) or primary school (32.1%) education with 62.1% of the respondents working in the agricultural areas. The overall smoking rate among them was 22.4%. The rates of smoking in males in Qinghai and Shanxi provinces were obviously higher than those in other provinces, with the highest seen in Shanxi. The overall rate of alcohol intake was 13.9%, and the highest seen in Shanxi and Qinghai. The alcohol intake in males was higher in Shanxi and Qinghai, than in other provinces while in female it was significantly lower in Shanxi than in the other three provinces. The health related habits were different in the four provinces, including the amount of weekly intake of milk or dairy products, fresh vegetables, bean products, animal viscera, fried food, pickled or smoked food products and livestock meat, with statistically significant differences. Life styles of farmers living in the poverty-stricken areas in Gansu, Qinghai, Shanxi and Xinjiang were different. Strategies related to the real situation on each province need to be developed which would include effective health education and with the aid of '12320 hotline services' to help the residents build up a healthy lifestyle.

Effect of Strain Rate on Stress Corrosion Cracking of X80 Pipeline Steel

Stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of X80 pipeline steel was investigated in a simulated soil solution using slow strain rate tensile(SSRT) tests.The simulated soil solution was based on the chemical compositions of alkaline Gansu soil in northwest of China.The tests were conducted at different strain rates.The fracture surfaces and secondary cracks were observed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results showed that strain rates had an important role on SCC of X80 steel in simulated soil solutions.Corrosion and mechanical factors have different influences during the SCC processes at different strain rates,which results in the variety of SCC.There was the highest SCC susceptibility at the strain rate of 1.0×10-6s-1.Combined effect of corrosion and mechanics leads to high SCC susceptibility.When the strain rates were lower than 1.0×10-6s-1,enough long corrosion time results in the corrosion of crack in this strain rate range.The crack propagation is restrained.Thus,slight decrease of SCC susceptibilities occurs.As the strain rates were higher than 1.0×10-6 s-1,SCC susceptibilities were low obviously.In this high strain rates range,the mechanical factors have more effect on SCC than corrosion factors,which mainly lead to mechanical fracture of specimens.

Present situation of congenital defects in five counties (cities) of Gansu province in 2009 - 2010

To understand the situation of congenital defects' in five counties/cities in Gansu province so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of effective interventions. General information was collected on all the neonates who were born in Dunhuang city, Jingchuan county, Hui county, Weiyuan county and Yongjing county in Gansu province between Oct. 1(st), 2009 to Sep. 30(th), 2010, with all of their gestational age above 28 weeks. Neonates would include live birth, dead fetus and still birth. The overall incidence of congenital defects was 7.49‰ in the five counties/cities in Gansu province in 2009. Ranking order in the top three showed as congenital heart disease, pigmented nevus and limb deformity. Disease with the highest mortality was congenital heart disease (0.79‰). The incidence of congenital defects was 8.35‰ in 2010 with the ranking order of the top three as congenital heart disease, neural tube defects/pigmented nevus and hydrocephalus. Diseases having the highest mortality was congenital heart disease (1.10‰). Different incidence rates on congenital defects were seen in related areas, with the highest incidence as 14.65‰ in Dunhuang city. Hui county had the lowest incidence-3.28‰. Different incidence of congenital defects were seen in respective areas in Gansu province, with the change of ranking orders. Different strategies should be developed differently depending on the current states of congenital defects in respective areas, according to the three-grade prevention model, to reduce the occurrence of congenital defects.

Survey on status of smoking, passive smoking and quitting smoking in rural areas of the midwestern provinces in China

To study the status of smoking, passive smoking and quitting smoking in rural areas of the middle and western regions in China, and to develop strategies for improvement. A total of 5486 residents aged 15 to 69 years in 84 villages of the 16 counties in Gansu, Qinghai, Shanxi and Xinjiang were selected through a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method to collect information through questionnaires. Data on the initiate age of smoking, and rates on smoking, passive smoking, quitting smoking as well as related knowledge were used as nutritional indicators. The overall smoking rate was 20.9%, with 44.8% in males and 2.0% higher than seen in females. The rate of smoking in Han nationality was higher than that in other minorities. There were significant differences seen in genders and nationalities as well the level of education received, in the rates of smoking. Smokers started to smoke at the age of 21.3 ± 5.6 with males earlier than females. The rate of passive smoking was 37.8%, with males as 31.9%, and females as 40.4%, respectively. The rate of quitting smoking appeared as 1.9%. The status of smoking in the rural areas of middle and western regions in China faced challenges, with relatively low rate of quitting smoking. Relevant strategies need to be developed accordingly.

Comprehensive and sequential classification system of grasslands in Gansu province based on remote sensing

Comprehensive and sequential classification system of grasslands in Gansu province based on remote sensing

Analysis on epidemiology and the main clinical symptoms of viral encephalitis in Gansu, 2009-2011

To understand the epidemiological characteristics and the main clinical symptoms of viral encephalitis in Gansu. A total of 322 viral encephalitis patients were recruited from province sentinel hospitals in Gansu province from 2009 to 2011, and their basic information were collected as well as their serum samples and cerebrospinal fluid samples. 296 out of the 322 cases were qualified for our study. Based on the patients' epidemiological characteristics and clinical features, we determined the detection of the virus types (at least one kind of virus detection was carried out for each case). ELISA was applied to test the IgM antibody of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus (JEV), enterovirus (EV: including Coxsackie virus, echovirus, enterovirus 71), mumps virus and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in cerebrospinal fluid and serum specimen. The difference of positive detected rate between types of virus, among patients from different regions, time, or at different ages, as well as the different clinical symptoms between JE patients and other viral encephalitis patients, were analyzed and compared. The positive detected rate of virus in the 296 patients was 27.03% (80/296); the positive rate of JEV, EV, mumps virus, HSV detected was separately 7.53% (22/292), 8.75% (23/263), 13.84% (22/159) and 15.09% (40/265), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 10.849, P < 0.05). 90.91% (20/22) of the JEV positive cases were distributed in Tianshui, Longnan and Pingliang, and 95.45% (21/22) patients were infected from July to September. All the 23 EV detected positive patients were infected from April to December, while the ages of patients ranged from 1 to 44 years old. Mumps virus, HSV testing positive cases had onset every month. Logistic regression analysis showed that the patients who had the symptoms as disturbance of consciousness (OR = 15.487, 95%CI: 2.266 - 105.852), somnolence (OR = 11.659, 95%CI: 1.783 - 76.242), convulsions (OR = 11.062, 95%CI: 1.687 - 72.530) were more likely to infect JEV. HSV was the principal pathogen of viral encephalitis in Gansu. An obvious central tendency in the regional and time distribution was found in JEV infection; and the clinical symptoms of JE patients were more severe.

Dynamic prediction on the number of influenza-like cases in Gansu province based on data from the influenza sentinel surveillance program, from 2006 to 2011

To understand the epidemiological trend on the number of influenza-like cases and to explore the feasibility of early warning systems of influenza in Gansu province. Based on data from the influenza sentinel surveillance program, a sequence chart was used to analyze the epidemiological trend on the number of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases. Both control chart and mobile percentile method were used to select the threshold of premium alert for the ILI of sentinel surveillance program. Warning effects were assessed by statistical model. The prevalence of influenza were both low in 2007 and 2008. Alert thresholds for ILI of Sentinel surveillance was built. The thresholds were higher alert in winter, but lower in summer. Both Seasonal Exponential Smoothing Model and Multiplicative Seasonal ARMA Model (1, 1, 1) (0, 1, 0) were used to dynamically predict the weekly percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI%) of 2011. The concordance rates (predicted = actual) were 100% for both of them. According to the RMSE values, the dynamically predicted effect of the seasonal exponential smoothing model was superior to ARIMA. Dynamic prediction on the number of influenza-like cases could reflect the epidemiological trend of influenza in Gansu province, but with some limitations.

Application of FMEA on the management of adverse nursing event in Obstetrics department

Objective To explore the effect of failure mode and effects analysis on the management of adverse nursing event in obstetrics department.Methods A total of 1 878 cases admitted to Gansu maternity and child-care hospital form July to December in 2010were assigned to the control group,2 016 cases from January to June were assigned to the observation group,Routine nursing was delivered to the control group,while failure mode and effect analysis additionally was applied to the observation group.The high risk factors of adverse nursing event and the high risk work process of nursing were prospectively analyzed,assessed and the RPN was figured out,then a priority action plan and interventions were implemented.Results The RPN of failure mode in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05) ; 67 adverse nursing events were reported in the observation group while 135 cases in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The application of failure mode and effect analysis on adverse nursing events can improve the prediction and activeness.It also can decrease the incidence of adverse nursing events and improve medical safety. Key words: Failure mode and effect analysis; Obstetrics; Adverse nursing event; Management

Status quo of lifestyle among women of five occupations in six provinces of China

To learn the status quo of lifestyle among women of five occupations in six provinces of China. A questionnaire was administered among 7416 women from five occupations (civil servants, teachers of elementary and high schools, technical staff, enterprise managers and physical laborers) in Beijing, Hebei, Jilin, Hubei, Ningxia and Gansu of China. The sample was selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from December 2009 to June 2010. The questionnaire information included demographic characteristics, diet, sleep habit, smoking, physical exercise. The χ(2) test was used to analyze the different in life style of different occupations. There were 7416 valid questionnaires received, and the valid rate of the questionnaires was 97.58% (7416/7682). About 38.00% (2818/7416) respondents preferred to bland diet and 28.44% (2109/7416) preferred to salty and oily food and 33.56% (2489/7416) had no preference. The proportion of sleep time between seven and eight hours per day was highest (accounting for 56.23%, 4154/7416), 25.27% (1867/7416) with sleep time less than seven hours. Among the population who had the sleep time less seven hours, teacher that had the highest rate accounted for 33.19% (531/1607) and technical staff had the lowest rate accounted for 21.05% (301/1401) (P < 0.01). Most of respondents were non-smokers, accounting for 93.10% (6869/7416). 22.73% (1671/7416) respondents passively smoked. The proportion of always passive smoking was highest among civil servants and lowest among teachers, accounting for 26.60% (404/1531) and 18.71% (298/1607), respectively. The proportion of having no physical exercises was highest, accounting for 62.87% (4637/7416). The proportion of having three times physical exercises per week was 12.68% (935/7416). The proportion of having no physical exercises among physical laborers (66.42%, 912/1386), enterprise managers (66.64%, 987/1491) and teachers (62.40%, 999/1607) were higher than others and the proportion of having physical exercises per week among technical staff was 40.83% (569/1401), higher than others (P < 0.01). The proportion of person who worked in sitting quietly beyond six hours per day was 42.62% (3146/7416). The technical staff had the higher rate than other occupational populations (P < 0.01), accounting for 57.83% (809/1401). The female occupational population had some unhealthy lifestyles, such as taking in high salt food, lacking of sleep, smoking and passive smoking, lacking of physical exercises and working in sitting quietly. Different occupational populations had different unhealthy lifestyles.

Improvement of universal salt iodization program on the intelligence quotient among children in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu

To assess the improvement of intelligence quotient through an Universal Salt Iodization Supply Program, among children. 3518 and 1611 children were selected from primary schools in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu in 2006 and 2010 respectively. Intelligence quotient (IQ) were measured by the revised Chinese Combined Raven Test-C2 (CRT-C2). In 2006, the average IQ of children aged 8-10 was 85.1, including 16.7% of them with IQ ≤ 69. The average IQ was between 80-90 in different counties and cities, with significant differences (P < 0.05). The average IQs were 92.0, 90.6 and 81.8 among 8, 9 and 10 years old children respectively with 10 year old's low than those 8 and 9 year olds (P < 0.05). The average IQs of boys and girls were 84.5 and 85.6, but with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The average IQ of children aged 8-10 in 2010 was 97.2 and 12 points higher than in 2006 (P < 0.05), but 8 IQ points (P < 0.05) less than the average level 105 from the overall of Gansu province. 4.7% of the children having an IQ ≤ 69. IQ of children from Linxia city and Yongjing county, were up to the theoretical level of 100, with an average IQ at around 95 in other counties. The average IQs between counties or cities showed significant differences. The IQ of 8, 9 year olds and 10 year olds did not present significant difference (P > 0.05), but in boys (98.8) and in girls (95.9) the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The average IQ was close to the theoretical level (100) with the gradual implementation of universal salt iodization program, showing that the iodized salt did play a key role on children's intelligence. However, the average IQ was still lower than the average level of the whole Gansu province in 2010.

The current situation of blood pressure control and the influencing factors on hypertensive patients in residential communities of China

To understand the situation of blood pressure control and the major factors influencing the programs among those hypertensive patients living in the communities from different parts of China. A protocol of community-based standardized blood pressure management was developed based on the current Chinese guideline for prevention, treatment of hypertension. Grass-roots caretakers from community health service centers across China were trained under the requirement of this protocol to manage the hypertensive patients. In this study, the hypertensive patients who had been registered in the project centers from Beijing, Hebei, Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong provinces, were selected as the study subjects, and the baseline data for these patients was analyzed. By the end of 2010, a total of 242 182 patients were registered. The mean age was 61.0 ± 10.5, with 48.5% of them being males. The overall control rate of blood pressure was 27.4%. The control rate was significant lower among patients who were in lower age group, being male, with higher BMI, smoking, drinking or with more salt consumption. However, the control rate was significant higher among those patients who had family history of hypertension, always undertook physical exercise or receiving medical treatment. The blood pressure control rate for community hypertensive patients in China was still in a relatively low level. Standardization management measures should be strengthened so as to improve the rate of control on high blood pressure.

A matched case-control study on risk factors of rotavirus diarrhea in young children under five years old in Gansu province

WHO估计全球每年有453 000例5岁以下儿童因感染轮状病毒(RV)腹泻而死亡,大部分发生在发展中国家[1];亚洲5岁以下儿童腹泻中RV检出率高达55.0％,我国住院腹泻患儿RV检出率为46.0％,门诊为29.0％[2];RV可通过受污染的手和物品以及呼吸道进行传播[3].为此本研究于2007-2008年对甘肃省5岁以下儿童RV腹泻患病的危险因素开展1∶2配对病例对照研究. 关键词：轮状病毒;危险因素;病例对照研究

Study of the Urban Tourism Hinterland Based on Road Networks in Gansu Province

There are rich tourism resources in Gansu Province,including three 5A level and fifteen 4A level scenic spots.But due to unsatisfactory traffic conditions and economic factors,the tourism economy there is not highly developed.The central cities have great effect on the surrounding tourism hinterlands.This article applies the theory of urban geography in the research on the tourism industry,and takes into account the comprehensive scale of tourism economy of central cities and road traffic conditions.It takes 14 prefecture-level cities as the study area of Gansu Province in 2009,supported by GIS software and based on vector analysis of spatial data.With the field strength model and the Huff model,we calculate the field strength of tourism economy,and divide the hinterland of urban tourism with the overlay analysis of the city zoning.In addition,this paper identifies cities belonging to the same type.Finally,suggestions are put forward on the urban tourism economic zonation and tourism planning so as to increase the income of Gansu Province.

Relationship between B/C genotype of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B virus related-nephritis in children

To investigate the relationship between genotype of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B virus related-glomerular nephritis in (HBV-GN) children. Totally 176 HBV-DNA positive children with chronic hepatitis B were randomly collected. Among the 176 patients, 92 were HBV carriers, 84 were cases with chronic hepatitis. The genotypes of their serum HBV, liver function, and HBV-DNA load were detected. When children showed nephrotic syndrome, renal biopsy was performed. Of the serum samples of 176 cases, 85 (48.3%) were genotype C, 72 (40.9%) were genotype B, 13 (7.4%) were genotype B/C, and 6 (3.4%) were non-B/C genotype which were excluded. Among the analyzed 157 cases, the ratio of HBV-GN in the HBeAg positive group (78.3%) was significantly higher than that in the negative group (21.7%) (χ(2) = 18.301, P < 0.001). And, the ratio of HBV-GN in the genotype C group (73.9%) was significantly higher than that in the genotype B group (26.1%) (P < 0.039). The ratio of hematuria or proteinuria in the genotype C group (20%, 18.8%) was significantly higher than that in the genotype B group (8.3%, 5.6%) (P < 0.039; P value = 0.013); and the alteration of ALT or C3 in the genotype C group (10.2%, 15.3%) was more frequent than those in the genotype B group (2.8%, 2.8%) (P = 0.005; P = 0.008). There were no significant differences in kidney dysfunction or hepatomegaly. Further, the ratio of HBV-GN was more significantly frequent in HBV-DNA highly loading group (79.2%) than which in HBV-DNA lowly loading group (20.8%) (P = 0.000). Finally, in HBV-GN group, genotype C cases (88.2%) more frequently had high HBV-DNA load condition than genotype B cases (11.8%) (P = 0.021). Children with HBV infection in Gansu province showed mainly genotypes C or B, while genotype C seemingly predominant. Patients with genotype C more frequently showed proteinuria or hematuria. The high HBV-DNA load may be related with HBV-GN. It is a potential reason in the mechanism of HBV-GN that patients with genotype C had more possibility to have HBV-DNA high load. Analysis of HBV genotype for HBV patients maybe helpful in diagnosis and treatment.

Molecular epideiological and clinical feature of human calicivirus and adenovirus among children with diarrhea less than 5 years old from 2010 to 2011 in Lanzhou, Gansu province

To investigate the clinical and molecular epidemiology characteristics of calicivirus and adenovirus in children for viral diarrhea in Lanzhou. Stool samples were collected from 295 children with diarrhea at the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu Province,China, between July 2010 and June 2011. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or PCR were used to detected calicivirus and adenovirus. The adenovirus positive samples were typed by nested PCR and multiple PCR. Of the 295 specimens, 13.2% (39/295) were positive for calicivirus, and 5.1% (15/295) were adenovirus. Typing and Phylogenetic analysis revealed that novirus GII-3 and adenovirus 41 were the dominant strains. Both calicivirus and adenovirus predominately affect children under the age of 2. In seasonal distribution, there was no obvious peak. Human calicivirus and adenovirus are important pathogens of viral diarrhea,it is important to develop long-term systematic surveillance.

Relationship Between Soil Moisture and Patch Characteristics of Melica przewalskyi i Communities in a Degraded Alpine Grassland in Gansu, China

Vegetation usually adapts to and also affects the soil moisture of the stand where it lives.In the upstream area of Shiyang River,Gansu Province,China,alpine degraded grasslands are dominated by Melica przewalskyii.The vegetation patch characteristics,soil moistures and their relationships were studied.The results showed that: The height,density and cover of the species were decreased from center of the patches to the edges at formation,diffusion and stable periods of the community succession.But at recession period,the trend was reversed,with higher soil moisture in center and within the vegetation patches.Along the vegetation succession,the relationship between soil moisture and the vegetation parameters changed from negatively correlated to positively correlated.It was suggested that M.przewalskyii was highly adaptive as it could modify the fine-scale soil moisture distribution pattern to create a favorable condition for its population establishment and development in arid environment.Tab 3,Ref 16

Landscape Pattern and Its Productivity of the Desert LandscapeEcosystem in Hexi Corridor of Gansu

This paper studies on space structure and productivity characteristic of desert landscape in Linze using GIS. The results show: the desert landscape ecosystem of Linze is made up of 4 foundational elements including rocky desert, sandy desert, conglental desert and road. Among them, conglental desert has the largest area and highest connectivity, so it is the matrix of the desert landscape ecosystem; road is the only one kind of corridor, its corridor density is 37.66 m/km2; rocky desert and sandy desert are two kinds of patch types. The genetic type of matrix is belong to environment resource type, and the genetic type of patches have 2 types: rocky desert is rudimental patches type and sandy desert is disturbance type. For the productivity, rocky desert has the highest above ground biomass, which is 6.89 times of conglental desert, 28.81 times of sandy desert; the above ground biomass of conglental desert is about 14.51% of rocky desert, and is 4.18% times of sandy desert; sandy desert has the lowest above ground biomass which is 3.47% and 23.91% of rocky desert and conglental desert respectively. The differences vegetation types in different desert are not obvious, but due to the great differences in the variation of local water and heat, the plant density changes greatly, resulting in the significant difference in their productivity.

An Epidemiological Analysis of Grastric Carcinoma Diagnosed by Endoscopy for 33 Years In Hexi Corridor of Gansu

Objective To investigate the clinical epidemiological characteristics of gastric carninoma and its trend during the past 33 years in Hexi Corridol,Gansu province.Methods Patients with gastric carcinoma,detected by endoscopy and pathologically diagnosed from January 1977 to December,2009 were selected.The main clinical data,epidemiologyical,endoscopic manifestation and the pathological characteristics were studied.Results The overall diagnosis rate of gratric carcinoma was 5.57% in the past 33 years.The predominant age range from 50 to 69 years old,with the majority being the men,and the gastric carcinoma mainly occurred in the cardia,body and sinus.The adenocarcinoma took large part and the percentage of low adenocarcinoma was high about 38.88%.The hightest rate of detection was Wuwei(6.39%).Conclusion The diagnosis rate of gratric carcinoma in Hexi Corridol during the past 33 years had the significant falling trend.However,the diagnosis rate of early gratric carcinoma was very low,therefore,early prevention and control work for this disease is very important.