Gamma Research Articles

Pengaruh iradiasi sinar gamma terhadap fertilitas Sternochetus frigidus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pada mangga kuini

Salah satu tindakan perlakuan karantina yang diakui oleh lembaga internasional dan aman bagi konsumen adalah penggunaan iradiasi sinar gamma pada dosis yang direkomendasikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji keefektifan dosis generik iradiasi sinar gamma [60Co] untuk mensterilisasi kumbang Sternochetus frigidus (Fabricius) pada buah mangga kuini (Mangifera odorata Griff). Sebanyak 300 kg buah kuini yang dipastikan terinfestasi S. frigidus diambil dari Sumatera Barat dan Lampung. Perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma pada dosis 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, dan 400 Gy masing-masing dilakukan terhadap 6–8 buah kuini per kotak dan diulang tiga kali. Perlakuan iradiasi dilakukan dalam dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama pada bulan April untuk buah kuini asal Sumatera Barat dan yang kedua pada bulan Mei untuk buah yang berasal dari Lampung. Perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma menurunkan kemampuan makan, hidup normal, produksi telur, dan meningkatkan kematian imago. Iradiasi sinar gamma memengaruhi perkembangan pupa dan imago. Pengaruh iradiasi sinar gamma terhadap hidup normal imago lebih tinggi ditunjukkan pada percobaan pertama dengan waktu pengamatan pada minggu ke delapan dibandingkan dengan pengamatan percobaan kedua dengan waktu pengamatan pada minggu ke empat. Pupa yang diiradiasi pada dosis 100 Gy masih mampu menjadi imago, namun tidak mampu menghasilkan telur. Imago yang diiradiasi pada 150 Gy masih mampu bertelur dengan rataan 6 butir (percobaan pertama) dan 2,3 butir (percobaan kedua), namun telur yang dihasilkan tidak mampu berkembang menjadi larva. Imago yang diradiasi pada dosis 200 Gy tidak mampu menghasilkan telur untuk kedua percobaan.

Curative effects of vancomycin and cefotaxime combined with gamma globulin respectively in neonatal septicemia and their influences on PCT, CRP and hs-CRP.

To explore the curative effects of vancomycin and cefotaxime combined with gamma globulin respectively in neonatal septicemia and their influences on PCT, CRP, and hs-CRP, so as to provide references for clinical treatment. 181 patients with neonatal septicemia admitted to Huangshi Maternity and Child Health Hospital from April 2012 to August 2014 were selected as the study subjects. Patients treated with vancomycin combined with gamma globulin were selected as group A (96 cases) and those treated with cefotaxime combined with gamma globulin were selected as group B (85 cases). The improvement time of clinical symptoms (milk rejection, nervous system symptoms, body temperature), hospital stays, mortality, medicine curative effects, adverse reactions, complications, and levels of serum CRP, PCT, and hs-CRP of patients before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The improvement time of clinical symptoms like body temperature, milk rejection, and neurological symptoms, as well as hospital stays in group A were lower than those in group B (p<0.05); the total effective rate of medicine curative effects in group B was better than that in group A (p<0.05); there was no significant difference in levels of serum CRP, PCT, and hs-CRP between the two groups before treatment (p>0.05); after treatment, levels of serum CRP, PCT, and hs-CRP in both groups decreased significantly, and levels of serum CRP, PCT, and hs-CRP in group B decreased more significantly than those in group A (p<0.05). Cefotaxime combined with gamma globulin in the treatment of patients with neonatal septicemia has short improvement time in clinical symptoms, high total effective rate of drugs, low mortality, fewer adverse reactions and complications, and can significantly reduce levels of serum CRP, PCT, and hs-CRP, which is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice.

Automated Brain Metastases Detection Framework for T1-Weighted Contrast-Enhanced 3D MRI.

Brain Metastases (BM) complicate 20-40% of cancer cases. BM lesions can present as punctate (1mm) foci, requiring high-precision Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in order to prevent inadequate or delayed BM treatment. However, BM lesion detection remains challenging partly due to their structural similarities to normal structures (e.g., vasculature).We propose a BM-detection framework using a single-sequence gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted 3D MRI dataset. The framework focuses on the detection of smaller (<15mm) BM lesions and consists of: (1) candidate-selection stage, using Laplacian of Gaussian approach for highlighting parts of an MRI volume holding higher BM occurrence probabilities, and (2) detection stage that iteratively processes cropped region-of-interest volumes centered by candidates using a custom-built 3D convolutional neural network ("CropNet"). Data is augmented extensively during training via a pipeline consisting of random gamma correction and elastic deformation stages; the framework thereby maintains its invariance for a plausible range of BM shape and intensity representations.This approach is tested using five-fold cross-validation on 217 datasets from 158 patients, with training and testing groups randomized per patient to eliminate learning bias. The BM database included lesions with a mean diameter of ∼5.4mm and a mean volume of ∼160mm3. For 90% BM-detection sensitivity, the framework produced on average 9.12 false-positive BM detections per patient (standard deviation of 3.49); for 85% sensitivity, the average number of false-positives declined to 5.85. Comparative analysis showed that the framework produces comparable BM-detection accuracy with the state-of-art approaches validated for significantly larger lesions.

Gamma-Bazilevič Functions

For γ ≥ 0 and α ≥ 0 , we introduce the class B 1 γ ( α ) of Gamma–Bazilevič functions defined for z ∈ D by R e z f ′ ( z ) f ( z ) 1 − α z α + z f ″ ( z ) f ′ ( z ) + ( α − 1 ) z f ′ ( z ) f ( z ) − 1 γ z f ′ ( z ) f ( z ) 1 − α z α 1 − γ &gt; 0 . We shown that B 1 γ ( α ) is a subset of B 1 ( α ) , the class of B 1 ( α ) Bazilevič functions, and is therefore univalent in D . Various coefficient problems for functions in B 1 γ ( α ) are also given.

Role of Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Pituitary Adenomas.

Pituitary adenomas are one of the common indications for gamma knife radiosurgery. Gamma knife enables one to deliver a very high radiation dose to the target in a single fraction. Due to steep radiation fall out of Gamma Knife, the adjacent visual apparatus gets minimal radiation. The aim of stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas is to stop tumor growth, normalize hormonal hypersecretion, preserve pituitary function, and protect important surrounding structures. Surgery is the treatment modality of choice in the management of pituitary adenomas and gamma knife radiosurgery is restricted for residual or recurrent lesions only. The acceptable marginal dose for non-functional adenomas is 12 Gy. Control rates varies from 76-87% at 10 years are described in non-functional pituitary adenomas. In functional adenomas, to achieve hormonal remission a higher marginal dose up to 25 Gy is needed. However, primary gamma knife radiosurgery is needed in some situations - for instance, when the patient is unfit for surgery due to various reasons or surgical difficulties like the presence of kissing carotids.

Histopathological assessment of protective effects of selenium nanoparticles on rat hepatocytes exposed to Gamma radiation.

Gamma radiation are used in many medical and technical applications, however, it is one of the most dangerous kinds of radiation and can be harmful to the body. The present study was designed to clarify the protective effects of the selenium supplementation as selenium nanoparticle and selenite selenium in rat liver against Gamma irradiation with different intensities of 2.00 and 8.00 Gy. A total number of 45 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups of five each. The radiation procedure was carried out in the Cobalt 60 equipment in Omid hospital, Urmia. The animals were simultaneously immobilized in a transparent acrylic plate and exposed to different intensities of 2.00 and 8.00 Gy radiations on day 7th and 14th of the experiment. After 72 hr after the last radiation, the animals were euthanized, and blood and liver tissue were collected. Histological analyses revealed the radiation-induced hepatic injury in rats, which included vacuolated cytoplasm, liver necrosis, fibrosis, and vascular lesions followed by a significant increase in alanine transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and Gamma-glutamyl transferase. Selenium nanoparticles bear a more potent antioxidant effect in comparison with selenium selenite and can effectively protect the liver cell against Gamma radiation at a dose of 8.00 Gy.

Gamma and Inverse Gaussian Frailty Models with Time-varying co-variates Based on Some Parametric Baseline Hazards Functions

Ignorer l'existence d'un terme de fragilite dans l'analyse des donnees de temps de survie, lorsque l'heterogeneite est presente, peut aboutir a des estimateurs de parametres moins precis avec des erreurs standard elevees. Dans l'analyse de survie, le modele des risques proportionnels de Cox est frequemment utilise pour mesurer les effets des covariables. Les covariables peuvent ne pas tenir pleinement compte des vraies differences de risque. Cela peut etre du a l'existence d'une autre variable de reponse qui n'est pas prise en compte dans le modele mais peut etre expliquee par un terme connu sous le labeli fragile. L'incorporation de la fragilite dans le modele evite ainsi la sous-estimation et la surestimation des parametres et mesure egalement correctement les effets des covariables sur la variable de reponse. Cet article presente des modeles de risques parametriques non proportionnels avec Weibull, Loglogistic et Gompertz comme distributions de base et Gamma et Gaussian inverse comme distribution de fragilite. La methode du maximum de vraisemblance est utilisee et la procedure est illustree par un exemple numerique et l'ajustement est compare a l'aide du critere d'information Akaike (AIC).

Correcting Satellite Precipitation Data and Assimilating Satellite-Derived Soil Moisture Data to Generate Ensemble Hydrological Forecasts within the HBV Rainfall-Runoff Model

An implementation of bias correction and data assimilation using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) as a procedure, dynamically coupled with the conceptual rainfall-runoff Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model, was assessed for the hydrological modeling of seasonal hydrographs. The enhanced HBV model generated ensemble hydrographs and an average stream-flow simulation. The proposed approach was developed to examine the possibility of using data (e.g., precipitation and soil moisture) from the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility for Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H-SAF), and to explore its usefulness in improving model updating and forecasting. Data from the Sola mountain catchment in southern Poland between 1 January 2008 and 31 July 2014 were used to calibrate the HBV model, while data from 1 August 2014 to 30 April 2015 were used for validation. A bias correction algorithm for a distribution-derived transformation method was developed by exploring generalized exponential (GE) theoretical distributions, along with gamma (GA) and Weibull (WE) distributions for the different data used in this study. When using the ensemble Kalman filter, the stochastically-generated ensemble of the model states generally induced bias in the estimation of non-linear hydrologic processes, thus influencing the accuracy of the Kalman analysis. In order to reduce the bias produced by the assimilation procedure, a post-processing bias correction (BC) procedure was coupled with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), resulting in an ensemble Kalman filter with bias correction (EnKF-BC). The EnKF-BC, dynamically coupled with the HBV model for the assimilation of the satellite soil moisture observations, improved the accuracy of the simulated hydrographs significantly in the summer season, whereas, a positive effect from bias corrected (BC) satellite precipitation, as forcing data, was observed in the winter. Ensemble forecasts generated from the assimilation procedure are shown to be less uncertain. In future studies, the EnKF-BC algorithm proposed in the current study could be applied to a diverse array of practical forecasting problems (e.g., an operational assimilation of snowpack and snow water equivalent in forecasting models).

Tri-ideals and fuzzy tri-ideals of $\Gamma$-semirings

Tri-ideals and fuzzy tri-ideals of $\Gamma$-semirings

An Improved Bound in Vizing’s Conjecture

A well-known conjecture of Vizing (Vycisl Sistemy 9:30–43, 1963) is that $$\gamma (G \square H) \ge \gamma (G)\gamma (H)$$ for any pair of graphs G, H, where $$\gamma $$ is the domination number and $$G \square H$$ is the Cartesian product of G and H. Suen and Tarr [7], improving a result of Clark and Suen [5], showed $$\gamma (G \square H) \ge \frac{1}{2}\gamma (G)\gamma (H) + \frac{1}{2}\min (\gamma (G),\gamma (H))$$. We further improve their result by showing $$\gamma (G \square H) \ge \frac{1}{2}\gamma (G)\gamma (H) + \frac{1}{2}\max (\gamma (G),\gamma (H))$$.

A Note On The Series Space |N ̅_p^θ |(μ)

The series space $\left\vert \bar{N}_{p}^{\theta }\right\vert\left( \mu \right) $ has recently been introduced and studied by Gökçe and Sarıgöl [1]. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the $\alpha-$, $\beta-$ and $\gamma$_duals of the space and to show that it is linearly isomorphic to the Maddox’s space $l(\mu)$.

Dynamics of the nonlinear rational difference equation $${x_{n + 1}} = {{A{x_{n - \alpha}}{x_{n - \beta}} + B{x_{n - \gamma}}} \over {C{x_{n - \alpha}}{x_{n - \beta}} + D{x_{n - \gamma}}}}$$

In this article, we study the global stability and the asymptotic properties of the non-negative solutions of the non-linear difference equation: $${x_{n + 1}} = {{A{x_{n - \alpha}}{x_{n - \beta}} + B{x_{n - \gamma}}} \over {C{x_{n - \alpha}}{x_{n - \beta}} + D{x_{n - \gamma}}}},\;\;\;\;\;n = 0,1, \ldots$$ where α, β, γ are positive integers, A, B, C, D are positive real numbers and the initial conditions x−p, x−p+1, …, x−1, x0 for p = max{α, β, γ} are arbitrary positive real numbers.

A Unitarity Criterion for the Partial S-Matrix of Resonance Scattering

We consider the influence of N long-lived states characterized by resonance energies Ei and widths Γi(E) on the elastic scattering process and obtain an expression for the partial S-matrix Sl(E) in the form of a sum over the resonance levels (poles) at which the residues have the form $${{\rm{\Gamma}}_i}\prod\nolimits_{\matrix{\hfill {k = 1,} \cr \hfill {k \ne i} \cr}}^N {{\gamma _{ik}}} $$ , where $${\gamma _{ik}} = ({z_i} - z_k^*)\imath /2({z_i} - {z_k})$$ and zi = Ei−lΓi/2. We show that a necessary condition for the unitarity of the partial S-matrix in the presence of N resonance levels can be written as $$\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^N {{{\rm{\Gamma}}_i}(E)\prod\nolimits_{\matrix{\hfill {k = 1,} \cr \hfill {k \ne i} \cr}}^N {{\gamma _{ik}} = \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^N {{{\rm{\Gamma}}_i}(E)}}} $$ .

YAG-Thomson Scattering System in GAMMA 10/PDX Central and End Cells

YAG-Thomson Scattering System in GAMMA 10/PDX Central and End Cells

The potential of the IGRA (Interferon Gamma Release Assay) test for the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis . Review and comparative analysis with the tuberculosis skin testFelipe

Resumo A deteccao precisa da infeccao latente por tuberculose esta se tornando cada vez mais importante devido ao aumento do uso de medicamentos imunossupressores e da epidemia do virus da imunodeficiencia humana, o que aumentou o risco de reativacao a tuberculose ativa (TB). O Teste IGRA QuantiFERON® TB Gold apresenta vantagens frente ao teste de PPD como por exemplo, requer somente uma coleta de amostra sanguinea ; nao ha necessidade que o paciente retorne ao laboratorio para leitura e interpretacao dos resultados; Os resultados sao objetivos, nao requerem interpretacao do leitor ou interferencia de criterios subjetivos; trata-se de um teste in vitro, portanto nao ha “efeito booster” (potenciacao da reacao tuberculinica); o teste nao e afetado por vacinacao previa por BCG ou infeccao por outras especies de micobacterias. Limitacoes sao descritas, apesar de raras, como reacoes cruzadas deste metodo com infeccoes por algumas especies de micobacterias nao-tuberculosis (incluindo Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium szulgai e Mycobacterium marinum). Ainda ha poucos dados sobre o teste IGRA em certas populacoes, como por exemplo, em criancas, pacientes imunocomprometidos e mulheres gravidas. Nestes grupos, a interpretacao do teste pode ser dificil e mais estudos se fazem necessarios.

Decays of Be15(5/2+)

I have computed spectroscopic factors $S$ and single-particle widths ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{sp}}$, and hence expected decay widths ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{calc}}=S{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{sp}}$ for decay of the lowest $5/{2}^{+}$ state of $^{15}\mathrm{Be}$ to the ground state and first ${2}^{+}$ state of $^{14}\mathrm{Be}$. Results indicate that decay to the ${2}^{+}$ state should be appreciable.

Maximum Likelihood Detector in Gamma-Distributed Sea Clutter

Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) is the desired property for automatic target detection in unknown and nonstationary background. In this letter, an analysis of the experimental data shows that gamma (GM) distribution is a promising model for sea clutter. Furthermore, a modified cell-averaging (CA) detector for GM-distributed clutter is proposed by using the maximum likelihood estimation method. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed detector maintains the CFAR property with respect to the scale parameter of the GM-distributed background. The proposed detector is verified to be optimal in homogenous GM-distributed clutter with a known shape parameter when compared with CA, greatest of selection, ordered statistic (OS), and weighted amplitude iteration (WAI) detectors. At clutter edges, the proposed method attains a similar false alarm rate control compared with the CA, OS, and WAI detectors. In multiple-target scenario, the proposed method works effectively and robustly, whereas the competitors suffer performance degradation in varying degree. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the superiority and generality of the proposed method.

The 8th Moment of the Family of $\Gamma_1(q)$-Automorphic $L$-Functions

The 8th Moment of the Family of $\Gamma_1(q)$-Automorphic $L$-Functions

Mitochondriogenesis and brain aging

Introduction: Mitochondriogenesis is the cellular process responsible for the generation of new mitochondria and consists of the replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the organelle division. Several studies suggest mitochondriogenesis is regulated by oxidative stress through a molecular pathway that involves the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and the mitochondrial transcription factors A, B1 and B2 (TFAM, TFB1M, TFB2M). According to the Mitochondrial Theory of Aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in oxidative phosphorylation damage mitochondrial macromolecules, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and signaling for cellular senescence. Since oxidative stress plays an important role in both mitochondriogenesis and aging, the amount of mitochondria in a tissue may be a biomarker of senescence and age-related diseases. Objective: The objective of the present study is to analyze the variation of mtDNA content in brain tissue with aging and how the expressions of PGC-1α, TFAM, TFB1M and TFB2M are related to this process. Methods: 60 samples of human brain were collected during autopsy procedures, as well as the clinical history of each donator. Their DNA and RNA were extracted and their mtDNA copy number and expressions of PGC-1α, TFAM, TFB1M and TFB2M were determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The raw data was submitted to statistical analysis. Results: A direct correlation between mtDNA content and age was found among specimens with more than 1000 copies (p = 0,0067). In the population with less than 1000 copies, no correlation was observed. It was also found that the expressions of PGC-1α, TFAM, TFB1M and TFB2M have a good correlation among each other, but none of them correlated to mtDNA copy number or age.Discussion and conclusion: The amount of mitochondria in brain tissue varies differently with aging among population. While some individuals are prone to increase mitochondriogenesis with aging, others keep it low throughout life. It is possible that these 2 subgroups are under the influence of different factors, apart from the molecular pathway of PGC-1α, TFAM, TFB1M and TFB2M. Interestingly, individuals with propensity to mtDNA content increase also have higher body mass index and higher expression of the studied genes among diabetics. This findings suggest that metabolic disorders, besides being a risk factor for several diseases, may be also related to mitochondriogenesis increase in brain aging. Therefore, the results achieved in the present study reinforce the hypothesis that the mitochondrial content in a tissue may be a biomarker of senescence and age-related diseases.

Ballast Degradation Modeling for Turnouts based on Track Recording Car Data

Turnouts play a central role in the railway infrastructure since they enable increased network capacity and allow for minimal impact of train delays. Their performance is of paramount importance for infrastructure managers, who face large maintenance cost in order to secure proper turnouts operability. Railway turnouts are complex mechanical systems, whose dynamic performance depends on the health state of the different components of the superstructure and substructure. A key component is the ballast as it provides the elastic support to the track and the sleepers and it largely contributes to the safety and reliability of the infrastructure. Ballast degradation can be a root cause of excessive failures in other components. A track recording car is typically used to collect geometry data that is used to assess the quality of the railway tracks; however this type of data has not been widely used for ballast quality evaluation in turnouts. One reason is that maintenance decision for turnouts are dominantly made based on visual inspections and/or manual measurement of track geometry, as turnouts are significantly more complex that traditional railway track. This study presents the application of fractal dimensioning of track longitudinal level for the monitoring of ballast degradation in railway turnouts. In other words, the irregularities of the track vertical profile related to the ballast degradation are quantified as a ballast quality index. The ballast quality index is the basis for developing ballast degradation models in different sections of the turnout based on a segmentation scheme. Using track geometry data of 88 turnouts in the Danish railway network for the period 2012-2017, this study develops and compares ballast degradation models based on regression analysis and stochastic processes (lognormal and Gamma processes). The models are estimated for different sections of the single turnout, for different turnouts at distinct geographical locations. The proposed method provides an efficient tool for the analysis of the effect of tamping on ballast degradation rate. Moreover, the effects on ballast degradation of track loading rate, train speeds and seasonal changes of weather conditions are quantified.