Doses Of Gamma Radiation Research Articles

Initial vegetative growth and determination of the lethal dose of local rice arias putih at various doses of gamma irradiation

Local rice cultivars that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stress, in fact, still have weaknesses in terms of longevity and idiotypes that causes farmers to rarely cultivate local rice cultivars commercially. One method of plant breeding that can be taken to correct deficiencies in a plant is a mutation program using gamma-ray irradiation. The use of gamma rays must be tested for the value of LD50 so that the right dose is obtained in an effort to increase diversity. One of the upland rice varieties, Arias Putih, was irradiated with gamma rays at the following doses, G0=0 Gy, G1=100 Gy, G2=200 Gy, G3=300 Gy, G4=400 Gy, G5=500 Gy, G6=600 Gy, G7=700 Gy, G8=800 Gy, G9=900 Gy, G10=1000 Gy, and G11=1100 Gy. This LD 50 was carried out with three repetitions per treatment dose, including control. Each dose of gamma-ray irradiation used 100 rice seeds and sown in the seedbed for three weeks. The parameters observed were germination percentage, seedling height and root length, crown and root fresh weight. LD50 was obtained from germination percentage data and was analyzed using Curve-Fit Analysis software. The results revealed a decrease in growth character as the irradiation dose increased. Increasing the irradiation dose up to 500 Gy caused the seeds to die. The LD50 value obtained from the study was 224.13 Gy.

Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on Electrochemical Properties of Nicos for Supercapacitor Application

We used an elementary hydrothermal approach to create this NiCoS nanohybrid. Analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified that the creation of this nanomaterial was successful. The material underwent cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), testing in preparation for its use as a supercapacitor electrode. The innovative aspect of this work was researching how electrodes’ supercapacitor qualities were affected by gamma-irradiation with an average energy of 1.25 MeV. The manufactured samples endured gamma radiation exposure with 5, 10, 15, 25, and 50 kGy dosages. Following 5000 consecutive cycles, the sample subjected to the most significant dose of gamma radiation exhibited the lowest charge transfer resistance, maximum stability, and highest specific capacity of 253 Cg−1. Compared to the non-irradiation sample, the gamma-ray exposed NiCoS (50 kGy) had an 85 s longer discharge duration at a current density of 0.1 Ag−1. These data indicate that gamma radiation has a positive influence on electrode performance rather than a negative one. For this reason, NiCoS may be used as an electrode material for gamma radiation medium supercapacitors.

Measurement of Environmental Gamma Radiation Dose Rates and Estimation of Radiation Risk near the Construction Site of the Nuclear Power Plant, Indoor and Outdoor Locations of the Research Reactor, and Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant Area

Measurement of Environmental Gamma Radiation Dose Rates and Estimation of Radiation Risk near the Construction Site of the Nuclear Power Plant, Indoor and Outdoor Locations of the Research Reactor, and Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant Area

Cytokine storm modulation using cholecalciferol and low dose gamma radiation in Escherichia coli infected mice.

This work investigates the efficiency of cholecalciferol and low dose gamma radiation in modulating cytokine storm through their impact on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine and protecting against lung and liver injuries. Male Swiss albino mice were exposed to 0.2 Gy gamma radiation/week for four consecutive weeks then injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with a single dose of 8.3 × 106 CFU Escherichia coli/g b.w. then injected i.p. with 1.0 mg/kg cholecalciferol (Vit D3) for 7 days starting 4 h after E. coli injection. The results revealed that Cholecalciferol and low dose gamma radiation caused significant depletion in the severity of E. coli infection (colony forming unit per milliliter), log10 of E. coli, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin 6, VEGF, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels and significant elevation in IL-10, IL-4, and HO-1. Immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3 expression in lung tissue section showed low caspase-3 expression in cholecalciferol and low dose gamma radiation treated group. Histopathological examinations were performed in both lung and liver tissues which also emphasis the biochemical findings. Our results exhibit the importance of cholecalciferol and low dose gamma radiation in improving liver function and providing anti-inflammatory response in diseases causing cytokine storm.

Thermoluminescence dosimetry and microstructural characteristics of gamma-irradiated natural flake graphite

Thermoluminescence (TL) and microstructural analysis were conducted on natural flake graphite (NFG) to assess its suitability for radiotherapeutic x-ray dose measurements. The investigations encompassed the examination of TL glow curves, linearity, sensitivity, signal decay, and repeatability. NFG samples were exposed to 60Co gamma radiation doses ranging from 2 Gy to 20 Gy. The microstructure of the irradiated NFG was probed using a 532 nm laser Raman spectrometer. Promisingly, the NFG exhibited remarkable characteristics, including a moderately higher response to dose (R2 of about 96%), increased sensitivity at lower doses, and good repeatability (∼4%). Nevertheless, its fading rate reached about 80% after 14 days of irradiation. Additionally, the NFG intensity ratios of defect (D) to graphite (G), denoted as ID/IG, closely mirrored the oscillatory pattern observed in 50 μm thick graphite sheets and were approximately 1.6 times lower than those of similar graphite sheets with comparable carbon content (about 98% carbon). These findings suggest that NFG holds potential for the development of an affordable, non-hygroscopic, and tissue-equivalent TL dosimeter, with possible applications in the medical field.

Gamma irradiation in modulating arsenic bioremediation potential of Pseudomonas sp. AK1 and AK9

Purpose Present study deals with the role of gamma irradiation in modulating arsenic bioremediation of Pseudomonas sp. AK1 and AK9 strains Materials and methods The bacterial strains AK1 and AK9 of Pseudomonas sp. were irradiated at different doses (5 Gy, 10 Gy, 15 Gy and 20 Gy) of gamma irradiation. The effect of γ-irradiation on the growth and arsenic modulating ability of AK1 and AK9 strains was determined in the presence and absence of arsenic along with non-irradiated strains. Further, a comparative study of non-irradiated and irradiated strains by protein profiling in absence and presence of arsenic was carried out to confirm of the increased expression ofarsenite oxidase. Results Both strains were able to transform AsIII to AsV. Both strains AK1 and AK9 decrease the arsenic concentration by 626.68 ppb (13.36%) and 686.40 ppb (14.71%) after an incubation period of 96 h in presence of arsenic. Gamma irradiated AK9 strains showed doubled growth in presence of arsenic as compared to non-irradiated strains at 10 Gy treatment whereas no changes in growth was observed in irradiated AK1 strains. Gamma irradiated AK9 strain decrease 378.65 ppb (7.27%) more arsenic concentration from natural water sample supplemented with AsIII than non-irradiated AK9 strain. Further, in the protein profile, increased expression of arsenite oxidase (∼85 kDa) was observed in irradiated AK9 strains in presence of arsenic. Conclusions Overall, the results suggested that the gamma irradiated AK9 strain having potential for arsenic accumulation and increased arsenite tolerance may play a great role in the bioremediation of the arsenite at arsenic contaminated sites.

Current status of reference location in the basic model for assessment of external radiation doses to the population living in radioactively contaminated areas after the Chernobyl accident

An open plot of virgin land is the reference location in the basic model used to date to estimate the effective dose of external exposure to the population living in a radioactively contaminated area. As our field observations in the Bryansk region of Russia have shown, at present it is very difficult to find truly reference plots of virgin land due to the fact that many virgin meadows were plowed or reclaimed for more than 30 years after the Chernobyl accident. Without special instrumental survey, such disturbed meadow areas can easily be confused with areas of virgin soil. Therefore, the situation with the use of open areas of virgin soil as the reference location has changed dramatically since the first years after the Chernobyl accident. It requires a change in the approach to choosing such a location for the model and/or some revision of the structure of the model itself. Firstly, we propose and justify the use of a permanently cultivated kitchengarden plot as the reference location. The second way to resolve the current difficult situation with the presence of a sufficient number of the virgin soil sites could be excluding the very concept of “reference location” from the model. In this case, when calculating the effective dose of external radiation, it is proposed to directly use the values of the gamma radiation dose rate in the air normalized to the 137Cs contamination density of soil. The values of the normalized dose rate should be experimentally determined in the required time period for each of the locations taken into account in the model.

Gamma irradiation was able to degrade the glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) from drinking water analyzed by LC-MS/MS

Glyphosate is the most widely used systemic herbicide in the world, applied post-emergence to control weeds and is non-selective. However, due to its toxicity to aquatic organisms and high persistence in water, it is necessary to conduct studies on the decontamination of water resources with glyphosate residues and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the degradation of glyphosate and AMPA in drinking water using gamma irradiation. First, the drinking water sample was found to be free of the herbicide and its metabolite, and then three concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA alone were added (0.5, 5.0, and 50.0 mg L−1). The samples were then exposed to different doses of gamma irradiation (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 kGy) in a cobalt-60 (60Co) source. The procedure was performed at room temperature with a dose of 0.08 kGy h−1 from the irradiator (source power: 215.95 Ci). Glyphosate and AMPA were quantified by Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A pseudo-first order model was fitted from the kinetic study of the degradation of the chemicals. The irradiation doses required to degrade 50% of glyphosate (D0.5 = 8.97, 12.03, and 9.73 kGy) and the value for complete degradation (90%) of the herbicide (D0.9 = 29.82, 39.97, and 32.34 kGy), as the value of the dose constant (k), were 0.0772, 0.0576, and 0.0712 kGy−1 at concentrations of 0.5, 5.0, and 50.0 mg L−1, respectively. The increase in gamma irradiationgradually decreased of glyphosate and AMPA in drinking water. Thus, this study showed that the use of gamma irradiation can decontaminate drinking water with glyphosate and AMPA residues and be used in treatment plants, but it is necessary to use higher doses of radiation.

Optical properties of thin films monitored in real-time at high gamma radiation doses using long period fiber gratings

In this work, we report an all-optical-fiber-based method to monitor in real-time the changes in thin film optical properties when exposed to harsh environments such as high doses of gamma radiation. The method is based on a long period grating (LPG) inscribed in a radiation resistant optical fiber, which is coated with a thin film to be analyzed. Due to impact of the environment on the film properties, the transmission spectrum of the LPG changes. To validate this methodology, we deposited oxides of various metals, i.e. aluminum (Al2O3), titanium (TiO2), and tantalum (Ta2O5), as well as a polymeric film, namely polystyrene (PS), on the LPG surface and measured the resonant wavelength shift induced by high doses of gamma exposure (dose rate of 2.3 kGy/h, up to a total dose of 46 kGy). The changes could be observed in real-time up to maximum reached dose and during the recovery period. The results are significantly dependent on thin film material. Among the oxides, TiO2 thin film demonstrated the highest susceptibility to irradiation, whereas Al2O3 exhibited the least impact. Additionally, a good recovery potential for Ta2O5 thin film was observed, hinting at its promising application in dosimetry. Conversely, the PS film exhibited a permanent effect induced by irradiation. This is the first real-time experimental study of the impact of high dose gamma radiation on thin film optical properties using a universal optical-fiber-based device. The findings pave the way for assessing radiation hardness of thin film materials or utilizing such a method to optimize material treatment involving ionizing radiation.

Gamma irradiated Cu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for selective ammonia sensing

In this research, the effect of gamma ray doses on volatile organic compound (VOC) sensing properties of Cu doped TiO2 nanoparticles are studied to further improve the VOC sensing performance. Pure and Cu doped TiO2 nanoparticles have been prepared by sol-gel technique on Au interdigitated plexiglas substrate and irradiated by gamma-rays with doses varying from 1 to 150 KGy. The irradiation was performed by using 60Co as gamma source. The structural, morphology and modifications were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques. The sensing performance of these films toward ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol, benzene, toluene, xylene and ammonia vapors has been tested. It was observed that no remarkable sensor response to any vapors except ammonia was observed at room temperature. Changes in sensor’ ammonia sensitivity have been correlated with the gamma radiation dose and Cu doping ratio. Maximum sensing performance was observed with 3% Cu doped TiO2 exposed to gamma radiation dose of 150 kGy.

The effect of gamma rays and stearic acid on calcium carbonate and its impact on the properties of epoxy-based composites

Abstract The purpose of this research is to produce composites of epoxy resin and calcium carbonate (EP/CaCO3) and investigate how treating the CaCO3 filler with stearic acid and gamma radiation affects the properties of the epoxy composites, enhancing their suitability for a range of applications. The CaCO3 powder was subjected to stearic acid treatment and later exposed to γ-radiation at various doses namely (10, 20 and 30 kGy), Different weight percentages of untreated and treated CaCO3 powder were added to epoxy resin (EP) to create EP/CaCO3 composites loaded with varying amounts of CaCO3 filler (5 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, and 40 %). The influence of both stearic acid treatment and different doses of gamma radiation on CaCO3 was investigated. The composites were subjected to characterization of various properties including mechanical (splitting tensile strength, impact strength), thermal (TGA and dimensional thermal analysis) as well as morphological SEM examination. The analysis’ findings demonstrated that the stearic acid monolayer functions as a coupling agent in the EP matrix and can coat CaCO3 particles efficiently. The modification of CaCO3 by stearic acid and exposure to 30 kGy of gamma radiation shows a notable improvement in thermal stability and mechanical qualities for the epoxy composites loaded with various CaCO3 concentrations.

Effects of gamma radiation on the optical properties of ultrafine iron particle/polystyrene composites

The present research studied the influence of gamma radiation doses on the optical properties and parameters of the tested composite samples consisting of polystyrene polymer as a matrix filled with different concentrations of ultrafine iron particles (0, 10, 20, and 30 wt.%) with an average thickness of 2 µm. Using a UV-1800 Shimadzu spectrophotometer, the optical absorbance and transmittance values of the tested composite samples were measured at room temperature in the wavelength range of 200–800 nm. Optical parameters such as the excitation energy for electronic transitions, optical energy gap, dispersion energy, static dielectric constant, static refractive index, moments of the optical spectrum, optical oscillator strengths, linear optical susceptibility, third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, carrier concentration to the effective mass ratio, high-frequency dielectric constant, nonlinear refractive index, plasma frequency and long wavelength refractive index were calculated and discussed at different doses of gamma radiation (1, 2, and 6 kGy). The results demonstrate that the optical properties and parameters of the gamma-irradiated composites vary with increasing gamma doses. This variation in values was observed after increased irradiation due to enhanced metal–polymer bonding and due to an increase in the density of the free charges within the metal polymer composites.

Effect of Gamma Radiation Dose on the Crystal Structure of the Ethylene–Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer

Effect of Gamma Radiation Dose on the Crystal Structure of the Ethylene–Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer

An Investigation of the Effect of Wide Range Gamma Radiation from Nanoindentation of the SAC305 Solder Alloy

This study utilises nanoindentation testing to investigate the impact of varying gamma radiation doses on the micromechanical properties of Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloy. Specifically, the focus is on evaluating changes in hardness, reduced modulus, and creep behaviour. The stencil-printed method and reflow soldering process were employed to apply the SAC solder paste and create solder joints on the surface of the printed circuit board. The soldered samples underwent exposure to gamma radiation at different doses, specifically 5, 50, 500, 5000, and 50000 Gy. The solder received in its original state was used as the control sample. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to a nanoindentation test in order to ascertain the correlation between load and depth, depth and dwell time, when exposed to radiation. The load-depth curve results indicate that there is a transition in the behaviour of solder joint materials from elastic to plastic deformation as the radiation dose increases. A finding has been made indicating that exposure to gamma radiation has the potential to induce a transition in the behaviour of SAC from an elastic state to a plastic state. The exposure to radiation doses has been found to induce changes in the atomic arrangement and structural properties of materials, leading to an increase in their hardness values. Nevertheless, it was observed that with increasing radiation doses up to 500 Gy, there was a noticeable decrease in the hardness value, which can be attributed to the occurrence of softening behaviour. Exposure to a high dose exceeding 5000 Gy leads to atomic displacement and transmutation products, subsequently resulting in plastic deformation. The stress exponent value signifies the occurrence of the deformation mechanism in solder material when exposed to gamma radiation. The study revealed that there was a shift in the deformation mechanism from grain boundary sliding to dislocation climb as the radiation dose increased from low to high levels.

Assessment of the Effects of Gamma Radiation on Qualitative and Quantitative Traits of Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Variety MO 4

Healthy seeds of red rice variety (Bhadra-MO 4) were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation at 15, 25, 35 and 45kR at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India. In M1 generation, 15kR and 25kR doses did not reduce the seed germination and its percentage. LD50 was found at 35kR dose, where seed germination was 51%, while at 45kR dose killed most of the seeds and the plant survival rate was reduced drastically (27%) as compared to the control (97%). Increased mean and variability were noticed in the number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains and filled grains per panicle and grain yield per plot at 15 and 25kR doses, meanwhile at 35kR dose exhibited reduced mean and increased quantitative variability and at 45kR dose showed decreased mean and variability for all the traits. Lower doses (15 and 25kR) of gamma radiation could be effectively used in mutation breeding for red rice crop improvement, which induces the stimulatory effect on grain yield.

Effect of different Gamma Rays doses on Seed Germination, Seedling parameter on local seed okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of different gamma irradiation in 100 -800 Gy with non-irradiated control on seed okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.). The study carried in Microbiology Dept. Directorate of Agricultural Research. Ministry of Science and Technology in 2020. The results showed that 100-300 Gy had positive effects with respect to all studied growth seeding parameters. With increase in radiation above 300 Gy a decreasing germination potential, The lowest germination percentage was recorded at 800Gy,speed of germination was noted by Control (10.00 day) followed by gamma irradiation dose 800(9.90 day) and the same dose was logged lowest mean daily germination (7.85 seed day-1 ), higher doses (800,700,600 ) Gy marked reduction in root, shoot length, vigor index , chlorophyll a chlorophyll b .and total chlorophyll. The result showed a decreasing of the fresh weight of okra when radiation dose was increased While, dry weight was increasing when the radiation dose was increased. This study shows that the low dose gamma radiation may enhance the germination rate and the seedling growth during the early seedling state of okra seeds.

Impact of gamma irradiation on phytochemical composition, and biological activities of Lepidium sativum seeds extract

Abstract The main objective of this research is to assess how gamma radiation influences the chemical composition and activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of Lepidium sativum (L. sativum) seeds. Methanolic extracts were obtained through a 24 h maceration process from L. sativum seeds exposed to various doses of gamma irradiation. Phytochemical screening involved precipitation and staining reactions, with the antioxidant potential assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated through a diffusion test on agar medium, while the cytotoxic potential on the lung cancer line “A-549 cells” was examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Qualitative analysis of the extracts identified preserved bioactive constituents after irradiation. Additionally, quantitative analysis indicated a significant rise in the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids under radiation, accompanied by an enhanced reducing power compared to the control. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic capabilities also improved, evident in increased growth inhibition zones for certain microbial strains and reduced viability rates of A549 cells. These results show promise and warrant further investigation into the potential of gamma radiation to enhance additional biological effects of plants.

Radiomodulating Properties of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle (SPION) Agent Ferumoxytol on Human Monocytes: Implications for MRI-Guided Liver Radiotherapy.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) have attracted great attention not only for therapeutic applications but also as an alternative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that helps visualize liver tumors during MRI-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). SPION can provide functional imaging of liver parenchyma based upon its uptake by the hepatic resident macrophages or Kupffer cells with a relative enhancement of malignant tumors that lack Kupffer cells. However, the radiomodulating properties of SPION on liver macrophages are not known. Utilizing human monocytic THP-1 undifferentiated and differentiated cells, we characterized the effect of ferumoxytol (Feraheme®), a carbohydrate-coated ultrasmall SPION agent at clinically relevant concentration and therapeutically relevant doses of gamma radiation on cultured cells in vitro. We showed that ferumoxytol affected both monocytes and macrophages, increased the resistance of monocytes to radiation-induced cell death and inhibition of cell activity, and supported the anti-inflammatory phenotype of human macrophages under radiation. Its effect on human cells depended on the duration of SPION uptake and was radiation dose-dependent. The results of this pilot study support a strong mechanism-based optimization of SPION-enhanced MRI-guided liver SBRT for primary and metastatic liver tumors, especially in patients with liver cirrhosis awaiting a liver transplant.

Response of sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.) to different concentrations of metals and doses of gamma radiation (241Am)

The sunflower crop (Helianthus annuus L.) presents great tolerance to heavy metals and in pre-determined doses of gamma (γ) radiation it presents gains in plant increments. This study aimed to evaluate the response to doses of γ radiation and different concentrations of toxic metals in the vegetative development of sunflower. Mirasol sunflower seeds were subjected to different doses of 241Am γ rays and concentrations of Aluminum, Cerium and Copper (mg L-1). Sunflower plants were evaluated only in the vegetative period for germination, aerial length, root length, aerial and root fresh mass, aerial and root dry mass. The doses of γ radiation promoted increases in the variables in the vegetative phase, especially for 5 and 10 minutes of exposure to γ rays. The concentrations of the toxic elements Al and Ce showed significant differences in all increments, however, doses higher than 85 mg L-1 demonstrated losses in length and mass of sunflower plants. For the Cu element, the doses did not have a significant effect, these being non-significant and the cultivar Mirasol resistant. Future studies should be carried out evaluating the reproductive phase and its gains in increasing biomass and production.

A new technique for using gamma irradiation to enhance silver nanoparticles synthesized by chemical reduction and their effect on tomato early blight disease under field conditions

Early blight disease causes a significant loss in tomato production. This study focuses on the effective suppression of Alternaria solani, which causes huge losses in tomato yield. This research was conducted at the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority Nuclear Research Centre. Infected plants were treated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Two chemical materials, sodium borohydride and trisodium phosphate, were used for the synthesized silver nanoparticles. 1% polyvinylpyridine (PVP) was used as a stabilizer agent. AgNPs were exposed to several doses of gamma irradiation (0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24) kilo Gray (kGy) in order to enhance and maximize the effect of AgNPs on Alternaria solani. UV–Vis spectroscopy (UV), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize AgNPs; sodium borohydride and trisodium citrate were used for the chemical reduction. AgNPs and AgNPs + gamma irradiation led to increases in shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight; they also elevated the antioxidant enzymes, as well as peroxides and catalase, when compared with control (untreated) plants. AgNPs and AgNPs + gamma irradiation decreased the disease severity compared with the control untreated. Our study not only corroborates established trends in nano-agriculture but also introduces novel insights into the specific effects of gamma irradiation on AgNP that led to a decrease in this size in the quantum dot range (3–10) nm, as shown in Tem. By drawing parallels with the work of esteemed researchers in the field.