Movement Games Research Articles

Competitive game motivation and trait aggression among Chinese adolescent players of Glory of the King: The mediating role of avatar identification and game aggression.

Previous studies have shown that competitive video gaming is associated with aggression; however, little is known about the relationship between personal competitive factors and aggression. Thus, we used structural equation modeling to examine the association between competitive game motivation and trait aggression, as well as the potential mediating roles of avatar identification and game aggression, among 1584 (59.66% male; Mage = 14.58 years, SD = 1.49, range = 12-19) Chinese adolescent players of Glory of the King. The results showed that the direct effect of competitive game motivation on trait aggression was statistically significant, as were the indirect effects of competitive motivation-via both avatar identification and game aggression-on the three indicators of aggressive behavioral tendencies in everyday life. These results support the General Aggression Model, suggesting that competitive motivation is a personal factor predicting trait aggression. It contributes to our understanding of the roles of competition in video gamers' real-life aggressive behavior from an individual perspective.

Same Gaming: An Exploration of Relationships Between Gender Traits, Sexual Orientation, Motivations, and Enjoyment of Playing Video Games

Introduction Existing research has focused on sex and gender to explain video games playing motivations and enjoyment. This study investigated gender traits and sexual orientation to further explain why people play games and what leads to gaming enjoyment. Methods Participants ( N = 198) answered questions on gender traits (positive/negative feminity/masculinity), gaming motivations, enjoyment, sexual orientation (32.0% of the sample belonged to the lesbian, gay, and bisexual community, later LGB community), and demographics. Results Only certain gender traits are linked to specific gaming motivations. Negative masculinity increased competence and relatedness while negative femininity decreased autonomy. Similar results were found for sexual orientation. LGB people showed less competence and intuitive control motivations. Additionally, LGB people spent more time playing video games than non-LGB people. They reported playing puzzles more as well. No other differences were found for game genre selection. Discussion The lack of differences based on sexual orientation and gender traits shows that video games offer an environment for everybody and thus have the potential to bring people together.

Gaming Disorder Seen Through the Prism of Dual Diagnosis: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

IntroductionDual diagnosis (DD) is defined as the co-occurrence of at least a psychiatric disorder and at least an addictive disorder. Most studies about DD considered substance use disorders. In 2018, gaming disorder (GD) was recognized as a formal disorder and integrated into the category of addictive disorders in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases. Our objectives were to measure DD prevalence among GD patients and to assess factors associated with the presence of DD.MethodsAs part of the EVALuation of behavioral ADDictions (EVALADD) cohort, 92 patients with GD were included in the present study. Psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders, were explored with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0). Probable adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was screened with the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) in childhood and with the ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1 (ASRS) in adulthood. Finally, personality was assessed using the 125-item version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125), motives for gaming with the Videogame Motives Questionnaire (VMQ) and attachment styles with the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ). To measure the prevalence of DD among GD patients, we considered the occurrence of current GD with current anxiety, mood, or psychotic disorders, or with probable current ADHD. We also performed a multivariate analysis to identify independent factors associated with DD.ResultsMore than half (55.4%) of GD patients suffered from DD. We found a high prevalence of probable ADHD (38%) and anxiety disorders (29% suffering from generalized anxiety disorder, social, agoraphobia or panic disorder). Four variables were significantly associated with DD: suicidal thoughts [odds ratio (OR) = 6.83, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) (1.66–28.09)], VMQ “coping” scores [OR = 1.18, 95%CI (1.01–1.38)], TCI-125 “harm avoidance” scores [OR = 1.04, 95%CI (1.01–1.07)] and “novelty seeking” scores [OR = 1.03, 95%CI (1.00–1.06)].DiscussionThe prevalence of certain psychiatric disorders among GD patients far exceeded that observed in the general population. Both ADHD and suicidal ideations should particularly be screened among GD patients. Specific interventions targeting personality dimensions associated with DD but also on the management of negative affect should represent new treatment opportunities.

The Impact of Pandemic-Related Life Stress on Internet Gaming: Social Cynicism and Gaming Motivation as Serial Mediators.

A heightened interest in online gaming has emerged during COVID-19, and people have become increasingly vulnerable to internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, playing video games can also have a positive effect; gaming has been recognized as an efficient coping strategy. Currently, relatively little is understood about how online gaming can turn from an efficient coping strategy into an addiction disorder. This study investigated the mediating roles of social cynicism, escape and coping motives on the association between daily disruption during COVID-19 and IGD, seeking to reveal the underlying mechanism that influences the effects of gaming. A total of 203 participants in Hong Kong who reported having played electronic games during COVID-19 were surveyed. We conducted three hierarchical multiple regressions, then tested a serial mediation model using path analysis with structural equation modeling. The results revealed that escape motives significantly mediated the relationship between daily disruption related to COVID-19 and IGD, but no such effect was found for coping motives. Social cynicism alone was not a significant mediator, but social cynicism and escape motives in series mediated the relationship between daily disruption and IGD. These difference outcomes suggested different underlying mechanisms of escape and coping motives.

Problematic Areas in English-Language Research on Multiplayer Role-Playing Games

This article examines contemporary English-language research on multiplayer role-playing games. There can be identified several large problematic areas. The article aims to trace how the largest of them are formed, to describe the process of their emergence and development at the present time, as well as to describe the main points that researchers have worked out. The discussion of this topic makes it possible to understand how the conceptual apparatus of the research on multiplayer role-playing games is changing in modern English-language studies.One of the major problematic areas is related to the study of the participants’ motivation in multiplayer role-playing games. This problematic area seeks to answer the question: “What keeps players coming back to the same game over and over again?” Scientists working in this field believe that players return to virtual worlds to get opportunities for virtual earnings, a variety of social interactions, role-playing, and because of the spirit of exploration. Another problematic area is based on the study of player-to-player relationships and explores the construction of social connections around a video game. The researchers are interested in the issues of leadership and social consolidation, which takes the form of guilds in multiplayer role-playing games. The third major problematic area arises from the study of player self-identification. The scientists are trying to understand which parts of a player’s identity influence their experience and how it is mediated. The research on multiplayer role-playing games is a complex interdisciplinary phenomenon that requires involving specialists from different fields, in particular economists, sociologists, linguists.

Investigating gaming disorder and individual differences in gaming motives among professional and non-professional gamers: An empirical study

The present study investigates the relationship between Gaming Disorder (GD) and individual differences in gaming motives and how they might differ between three groups of gamers. The first group stated to be professional gamers (n = 129; 2,49%), the second group consisted of non-professional gamers, who intended to become professional gamers (n = 646; 12,45%), and the third group included the remaining non-professional gamers (n = 4,412; 85,06%). Gaming motives were assessed via the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ), and GD was assessed with the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT). Results revealed that professional gamers and those intending to become professional were very similar regarding their gaming motive expressions. In contrast, non-professional gamers without esports ambitions scored significantly lower on all gaming motives, except for the recreational motive which was comparable across all groups. Several consistent gaming motive-GD associations appeared across the three gamer groups, with the most robust finding being that higher escapism motive expressions relate to greater GDT scores. The present study sheds light on an emerging field of research attempting to better understand competitive gaming in the context of esports.

Effect of Movement Games on Physical Fitness of Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Research purpose. The study was aimed at investigating the effect of the proposed technology using movement games on the physical and psychomotor fitness of young schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities. 
 Materials and Methods. Fourty children from an orphan asylum in Smila, Cherkasy region (Ukraine) participated in the study. All children were divided into two groups: control and experimental; all of them had been diagnosed with moderate-grade oligophrenia and were 2nd and 3rd graders (age 9–12 years). The control group consisted of 22 pupils, including 11 boys and 11 girls. The experimental group consisted of 18 pupils, including 9 boys and 9 girls. The following research methods were used to solve the problems set in the paper: analysis and generalization of information from special scientific literature, pedagogical research methods, method of comparison and similitude, psychoemotional state and psychomotor development research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. 
 Results. The study results set forth in the paper will allow stating the fact that lessons with the use of movement games have a positive effect on the physical and psychomotor fitness of young schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities, which ensures their social adaptation in the context of growth. 
 Conclusions. Increasing the time spent on playing games not only in classes but also in extracurricular activities had a positive effect that found expression in the improvement of the children’s health and psychoemotional condition, which is the main component of the behavior of a child with mental disabilities. It can be stated that, after using the proposed movement games, the indicators of the pupils’ psychomotor and mental condition, memory, perception of reality and attention improved in the positive dynamics of their physical fitness. It was found that the number of nervous breakdowns, depressive states and symptoms of stress decreased during the selected movement games.

Gambling and gaming during COVID-19: The role of mental health and social motives in gambling and gaming problems

BackgroundThe uncertain and stressful global situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to cause anxiety and impact people's mental health. Simultaneously, social distancing policies have isolated people from their normal social interactions. These societal changes have inevitably influenced gambling and gaming practices, and many people may have turned to betting or gaming as a means of social exchange. This study examined the influence of COVID-19 anxiety on increased mental health problems and their relationship to gambling and gaming problems. The mediating role of social motives for gambling and gaming was also investigated. Material and methodsFinnish adults (N = 1530; Mage = 46.67; 50.33% male) were recruited from a volunteer participant panel to participate in a survey study. COVID-19 anxiety was assessed using a scale adapted from the Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. Mental health problems were evaluated with the five-item Mental Health Inventory. Gambling problems were measured using the Problem Gambling Severity Index, and gaming problems were measured with the Internet Gaming Disorder Test. Social motives for gaming were evaluated using a single-item measure. Analyses used generalised structural equation modelling. ResultsCOVID-19 anxiety predicted increased mental health problems, which were associated with heightened gambling and gaming problems. Social motives for gambling and gaming were a significant mediator, suggesting that gambling and gaming problems are emphasized markedly among those who are socially motivated by and involved in such games. ConclusionsMental health problems experienced during the pandemic and the social properties of games might accentuate gambling and gaming problems.

A mobile game‐based app to facilitate learners' motivation and achievement in learning Chinese reading activities: An individual differences perspective

AbstractBackgroundDigital game‐based learning (DGBL) has been shown to be an effective strategy for promoting learning motivation. However, a lack of attention has been paid to investigating the effects of individual differences on elementary students' reading motivation and in‐gaming achievements in DGBL.ObjectivesThis study developed an educational mobile game to facilitate learners' reading activities, and investigated how prior knowledge and gaming experience affected learners' reading motivation, gaming motivation, perceptions and in‐game achievements.MethodsA total of 53 third to fifth grade elementary school students participated in this study, and were divided into the high prior knowledge (HPK)/low prior knowledge (LPK) and the high gaming experience (HGE)/low gaming experience (LGE) groups.Results and ConclusionsThe HPK learners had higher reading motivation, perceptions, gaming and social achievements than the LPK learners, whereas they had similar gaming motivation and reading achievements. In addition, the HGE learners had lower reading motivation, reading and gaming achievements than the LGE learners, whereas they had similar gaming motivation, perceptions and social achievements. Moreover, correlational results showed that similarities and differences were observed between the HPK/LPK and HGE/LGE learners.ImplicationsThe findings of this study suggest that learners' prior knowledge and gaming experience play influential roles in reading motivation, gaming motivation, perceptions and in‐game achievements. A framework is proposed for researchers or game designers to develop personalized DGBL systems to accommodate the HPK/LPK and HGE/LGE learners' individual needs or preferences in DGBL.

English Second Language Strategies For Teaching Irregular Plural Noun Morphological Inflection

Nouns are one basic component of the syntactic category of the English language because they can be used as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, subject complements, object complements, appositives, or adjectives of sentences. Transforming regular nouns from singular to plural forms is comprehensible since the usual patterning is used. Converting irregular nouns from singular to plural forms causes difficulties to non-native learners of English since conversion does not follow the usual patterning. The study examined English second language strategies for teaching irregular plural noun morphological inflection to Grade 8 learners. The researcher used a quantitative research design because the results could be analysed mathematically and statistically. A probability technique was used to randomly sample 25 participants whose ages ranged from 14 to 16 at Ndaedzo Secondary School in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 was utilised to interpret the findings. Initially, the participants were incompetent in this regard but after utilising the ‘irregular plurals reversi memory game’, and ‘irregular plural nouns in movement game’ strategies, learners’ performance improved remarkably. The research recommends teaching irregular plural noun morphological inflection using the games.

THE CURRENT STATUS OF CONTENTS AND FORMS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION GAMES FOR 5-6-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN DONG THAP PROVINCE, VIETNAM

The article is written to provide accurate, scientific, and comprehensive information on the present status of contents and forms of how physical development activities are organized for kindergartners in Dong Thap province, Vietnam. According to surveys of kindergarten teachers and administrators, it is figured out that gross motor games are the most regularly employed for physical training among preschoolers. The games are frequently conducted inside schoolyards and guided by teachers in 21 to 30 minutes.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0939/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Psychometric Assessment of the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire Among Iranian Gamers.

Objective Gaming motivations are crucial aspects of healthy and problematic video gaming behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the widely used Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ). Methods Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a sample of 66 university students. Data from 791 participants in an online survey of Iranian online gamers were examined to assess convergent validity and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency of MOGQ factors was assessed in both samples. Results The item content validity index (I-CVI) and the scale content validity index (S-CVI) were between 0.8 and 1.0 for clarity and relevancy. The test-retest reliability of the 27-item questionnaire was 0.85 and internal consistency was 0.94. After incorporating additional error paths, model fit improved to an acceptable level. The MOGQ factors had acceptable correlations with relevant motivational scales such as Gaming Motivation Scale and Player Experience of Need Satisfaction. Recreation motives had the highest average score in the sample and social ones had the lowest, and males scored higher than females across all motivation domains except escape. Conclusion The MOGQ is a suitable instrument for the assessment of online gaming motivations in the Iranian population.

Need Frustration, Gaming Motives, and Internet Gaming Disorder in Mobile Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) Games: Through the Lens of Self-Determination Theory.

Playing mobile MOBA games has become a popular leisure activity among Malaysian youth. However, MOBA games are highly addictive and have negative impacts on adult development. Inadequate local studies investigated the risk factors of excessive MOBA gameplay. The present study examined the (1) predictive role of need frustration on Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and (2) mediating effect of gaming motives. A total of 398 mobile MOBA gamers aged 18 to 29 participated in this cross-sectional online survey study. The findings showed that need frustration positively predicted IGD. Social, escape, competition, coping, and skill motives were significant mediators for the association between need frustration and IGD. However, fantasy and recreation motives were not significant mediators. MOBA players who were frustrated while fulfilling their basic needs may succumb to uncontrollable gaming behavior. Therefore, future prevention and intervention programs should cultivate positive mental strength for youth while meeting their basic needs.

Protecting our environment, a motivating outdoor game for proteomics!

The global Earth ecosystem faces many intertwined threats, primarily anthropogenic pollution, drastic reduction of wild spaces, faster spread of pathogens, and global climate warming. Ecotoxicology, the integration of toxicology and ecology, aims to describe the effects of toxicants on organisms, whether at the level of the population, the community, the ecosystem, or the biosphere. Sentinel species are employed to assess threats to life, giving advance warning of danger. In this issue of Proteomics, Wilde and collaborators (Proteomics 2022, 22, https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.202100289) present a comprehensive coverage of the proteome of the crustacean Daphnia magna, a species used to evaluate aquatic pollution. This study illustrates how current shotgun proteomics technology allows straightforward quantitation of any protein for whole animals or dissected organs, making global molecular phenotyping a reality for animals. Tandem mass spectrometry operated in data-independent acquisition can be used to compare the response of sentinels to various environmental conditions. The current low number of well-annotated animal or plant genomes, the high diversity of genetic backgrounds of each species, and the paucity of knowledge about protein functions for most of the relevant sentinels pose huge challenges for data interpretation. As a result, ecology and ecotoxicology today constitute an exceptional field for proteomics.

Prevalence and Correlates of Internet Gaming Disorder Among an Advanced Level Student Population from Colombo, Sri Lanka

Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is on the rise in many developing countries owing to the increasing popularity of electronic gaming and technology availability among adolescents. Despite this, the epidemiology of IGD in South Asia remains largely unknown. Hence, we aimed to determine the prevalence and associations of IGD in a Sri Lankan school-going population.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Advanced Level students aged 16-18 years, attending four schools in the Colombo Educational Zone. Random Cluster sampling was used to recruit 395 participants who filled a pretested questionnaire exploring gaming habits, motives, and psychosocial factors. English and Sinhala versions of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) were used and IGD was identified if ?5 items in the scale were endorsed. The Sinhala IGDS9-SF demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability and its factorial validity was affirmed via Confirmatory Factor Analysis.
 Results: 81.5% (n=322) of the sample consisted of gamers, a majority of whom preferred mobile gaming (64.0%) and Multiplayer Battle Royale games (27.0%). The prevalence of IGD was 5.06% (95% CI = 2.90–7.22) and was significantly higher (p<0.05) among males who constituted 52.4% of the sample. Daily weekday gaming for ?6h, low involvement in student societies, poor relationship with parents, Escape motive and Fantasy motive were positively associated, and the Competition motive was negatively associated with IGD in multivariable analyses done using binary logistic regression.
 Conclusion: The prevalence of IGD was considerably high in our population and is associated with specific motives, poor parent-child relationship, and low extra-curricular involvement.

Research on Reconstruction of Basketball Training Action Trajectory Based on Improved K-Means Clustering Algorithm

The automatic capture and analysis of basketball game movements can guide basketball training and provide an effective method for improving the efficiency of basketball training. This paper introduces the research status of clustering methods in the field of trajectory data mining and reconstruction in detail. By analyzing the trajectory data under the constraints of the road network, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the existing trajectory clustering methods, and the deficiencies of the existing trajectory clustering methods, a new trajectory clustering method based on trajectory segmentation and spatiotemporal similarity measurement is implemented. A motion capture and reconstruction method for basketball training based on visual image K-means clustering algorithm is proposed. Multiresolution frame scanning technology is used to collect machine images of basketball training movements, and edge contour processing is performed on the collected high-resolution basketball training movement images. Feature detection uses the three-dimensional model reconstruction method to segment the basketball training action area and combines the irregular triangle network model to realize the machine vision block template matching processing of basketball training actions and capture the basketball training action in the Gaussian fuzzy affine space. In time and feature extraction, wavelet lifting technology is used to identify the ambiguity of basketball training movements, image enhancement technology is used to improve the resolution and adaptability of basketball training movement capture, and machine vision image processing methods are used to achieve basketball training movement capture optimization. The simulation results show that the method has better adaptability and higher feature recognition ability for basketball training motion capture and improves the feature extraction and adaptive capture reconstruction ability of basketball training motion.

Problems of Creation of Social Experience in Motor Games of Children Aged 5-7 Years

The objective of the study is to identify the level of recreation of social experience by children of 5-7 years old in motor games.
 Methods: theoretical: analysis, synthesis, generalization; empirical: observation and evaluation of independent motor activity of children, game diagnostic situations, conversation; methods of mathematical statistics: Mann-Whitney U-test. Materials. The study involved 625 older preschool children (312 girls and 313 boys) attending Municipal Budgetary Pre-school Educational Institution nursery schools No. 56 and 76 in Belgorod, Municipal Autonomous Pre-school Educational Institution “Gnomik” nursery school No. 78 in Belgorod; Municipal Preschool Educational Institution nursery schools No. 3, 4, and 8 of the city of Valuyki, Belgorod region; Municipal Autonomous Pre-school Educational Institution nursery schools No.2, 32, 35, and 37 of the city of Gubkin, Municipal Budgetary Pre-school Educational Institution "Veselinka" nursery school No. 40 of the city of Gubkin, and Municipal Budgetary Pre-school Educational Institution nursery schools No. 19 and 36 of the city of Gubkin, Belgorod region. Results The relevance of the study is due to the presence of a high potential of motor games in terms of its sociological component and pedagogical determinants. The need to comprehend and implement this potential in pedagogical practice in order to positively socialize a growing person. In modern studies, motor-game activity is considered as a method of complex influence on the child, contributing to his physical, cognitive, communicative, socio-cultural development. Summary. Analysis of the results of the study showed that 78.7% of children aged 5-7 years old successfully use social experience in motor games and show an optimal and sufficient level of its reconstruction. At the same time, 1/5 of the children:
 - have difficulty in planning and discussing joint actions in the game, the distribution of game functions;
 - violate the rules of interaction during the game;
 - insufficiently dynamic and proactive in the development of the plot of the game;
 - feel difficult to determine their own playing roles, the overall assessment of the game.
 Significant gender differences in the reconstruction of social experience in the motor games of older preschoolers have not been found.

Analysis of the critical success factors of mobile animation games based on a consistent fuzzy preference relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore the critical success factors of mobile animation games, by exploring the game itself, information systems, game motivation and promotional activities, as well as conducting research and analysis on mobile animation game players.Design/methodology/approachThis research used the Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the consistent fuzzy preference relationship for data analysis. In this study, collect 1,286 valid questionnaires through online questionnaire surveys. And comparing the two games “Legend Showdown” and “Tower of Gods and Demons”, players believe that the more successful mobile animation game is “Legend Showdown”.FindingsThrough experimental design, and the consistent fuzzy preference relationship for data analysis. The results found that the critical factors considered by the player in relation to the mobile animation game were firstly the information system, followed by promotional activities, game motivation and finally the game itself.Research limitations/implications Because this research does not involve the concept of fuzzy theory at all, it is easy to produce subjective, uncertain and ambiguity issues when comparing pairwise. We recommended that follow-up researchers can use fuzzy semantic preference relations to solve this problem.Originality/valueThis study proposed a new approach that takes the critical factors for the mobile animation game. According to the research results, the critical success factor of mobile animation games is the information system, as it could provide a reference direction for game manufacturers when designing or formulating marketing strategies in the future.

The Nine-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS9-SF): Its Psychometric Properties among Sri Lankan Students and Measurement Invariance across Sri Lanka, Turkey, Australia, and the USA.

The prevalence of internet gaming disorders (IGD) is considerably high among youth, especially with the social isolation imposed by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. IGD adversely affects mental health, quality of life, and academic performance. The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS9-SF) is designed to detect IGD according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. However, inconsistent results are reported on its capacity to diagnose IGD evenly across different cultures. To ensure the suitability of the IGDS9-SF as a global measure of IGD, this study examined the psychometric properties of the IGDS9-SF in a sample of Sri Lankan university students (N = 322, mean age = 17.2 ± 0.6, range = 16–18 years, 56.5% males) and evaluated its measurement invariance across samples from Sri Lanka, Turkey, Australia, and the USA. Among Sri Lankan students, a unidimensional structure expressed good fit, invariance across different groups (e.g., gender, ethnicity, and income), adequate criterion validity (strong correlation with motives of internet gaming, daily gaming duration, and sleep quality), and good reliability (alpha = 0.81). Males and online multiplayers expressed higher IGD levels, greater time spent gaming, and more endorsement of gaming motives (e.g., Social and Coping) than females and offline players. Across countries, the IGDS9-SF was invariant at the configural, metric, and scalar levels, although strict invariance was not maintained. The lowest and highest IGD levels were reported among Turkish and American respondents, respectively. In conclusion, the IGDS9-SF can be reliably used to measure IGD among Sri Lankan youth. Because the scale holds scalar invariance across countries, its scores can be used to compare IGD levels in the studied countries.

METHODOLOGY OF CHOOSING ACTIVE GAMES ACCORDING TO CHILDREN'S AGE

The determination of movement games according to the age of the child is made taking into account his mental abilities and abilities. 3-4 year olds have the ability to imitate the movements of different objects and animals and to distinguish different colors. For children aged 5-6, a slightly more complex form of movement games is recommended: climbing on cubes, throwing the ball away, jumping. 7-10 year olds, on the other hand, are much older and have developed relatively good skills in games, so at this age, movement games are the foundation of school physical education. In such competitions, the teacher plays the leading role. The increasing number and complexity of such movement games in the physical and mental development of growing children has a positive effect on their brain and body.