Domain Of Games Research Articles

Revisiting the Twentieth Century Through the Lens of Generation X and Digital Games: A Scoping Review

Video games have been around since the 1960s and have impacted upon society in a myriad of different ways. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify existing literature within the domain of video games which recruited participants from the Generation X (1965–1980) cohort. Six databases were searched (ACM, CINHAL Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) focusing on published journal papers between 1970 and 2000. Search results identified 3186 articles guided by the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR); 4 papers were irretrievable, 138 duplicated papers were removed, leaving 3048 were assessed for eligibility and 3026 were excluded. Articles (n = 22) were included into this review, with four papers primarily published in 1997 and in 1999. Thematic analysis identified five primary themes: purpose and objectives, respective authors’ reporting, technology, ethics and environment) and seven secondary themes: populations, type of participants (e.g. children, students), ethical approval, study design, reimbursement, language, type of assessments. This scoping review is distinctive because it primarily focuses on Generation X, who have experienced and grown-up with videogames, and contributes to several disciplines including: game studies, gerontology and health, and has wider implications from a societal, design and development perspective of video games.

Consistency of the equal split-off set

This paper axiomatically studies the equal split-off set (cf. Branzei et al. (Banach Center Publ 71:39–46, 2006)) as a solution for cooperative games with transferable utility which extends the well-known Dutta and Ray (Econometrica 57:615–635, 1989) solution for convex games. By deriving several characterizations, we explore consistency of the equal split-off set on the domains of exact partition games and arbitrary games.

Do Game Data Generalize Well for Remote Sensing Image Segmentation?

Despite the recent progress in deep learning and remote sensing image interpretation, the adaption of a deep learning model between different sources of remote sensing data still remains a challenge. This paper investigates an interesting question: do synthetic data generalize well for remote sensing image applications? To answer this question, we take the building segmentation as an example by training a deep learning model on the city map of a well-known video game “Grand Theft Auto V” and then adapting the model to real-world remote sensing images. We propose a generative adversarial training based segmentation framework to improve the adaptability of the segmentation model. Our model consists of a CycleGAN model and a ResNet based segmentation network, where the former one is a well-known image-to-image translation framework which learns a mapping of the image from the game domain to the remote sensing domain; and the latter one learns to predict pixel-wise building masks based on the transformed data. All models in our method can be trained in an end-to-end fashion. The segmentation model can be trained without using any additional ground truth reference of the real-world images. Experimental results on a public building segmentation dataset suggest the effectiveness of our adaptation method. Our method shows superiority over other state-of-the-art semantic segmentation methods, for example, Deeplab-v3 and UNet. Another advantage of our method is that by introducing semantic information to the image-to-image translation framework, the image style conversion can be further improved.

Axiomatizations of Dutta-Ray’s Egalitarian Solution on the Domain of Convex Games

We show that on the domain of convex games, Dutta-Ray's egalitarian solution is characterized by core selection, aggregate monotonicity, and bounded richness, a new property requiring that the players cannot be made richer within the core. Replacing poorest by poorer allows to eliminate aggregate monotonicity. Moreover, strengthening core selection into bilateral consistency a la Davis and Maschler, and Pareto optimality into individual rationality and bilateral consistency a la Hart and Mas-Colell, we obtain alternative and stylized axiomatic approaches.

Hart-Mas-Colell Consistency and the Core in Convex Games

This paper formally introduces Hart-Mas-Colell consistency for general (possibly multi-valued) solutions for cooperative games with transferable utility. This notion is used to axiomatically characterize the core on the domain of convex games. Moreover, we characterize all nonempty solutions satisfying individual rationality, anonymity, scale covariance, superadditivity, weak Hart-Mas-Colell consistency, and converse Hart-Mas-Colell consistency. This family consists of (a) the Shapley value, (b) all homothetic images of the core with the Shapley value as center of homothety and with positive ratios of homothety not larger than one, and (c) their relative interiors.

A literature review of Empirical Evidence on Procedural Content Generation in Game-Related Implementation

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) is an emerging field of study in computer science that focuses on automating the process of generating content by using algorithm, making the content generation process with less human effort. However, a more specific empirical evidence on how it is being used in a game-related implementation are still lacking. This paper presents the findings of review performed in the past 5 years looking on how PCG are being applied in game-related content, whether it is from the basic paper characteristic to analyze the trends, the field of PCG itself, and the game domain of game model and game genre. The studies had shown that PCG are being used extensively in game-related content but has seen more uses on specific type of contents rather than being used ubiquitously in all sorts of contents. The result shown that there are not specific best type of PCG method or algorithm being used instead an array of approach can be used based on what content being created. Result also shown that PCG are being used in multiple type of games, but similarly, based on the paper found, only certain types of game benefits PCG extensively such as action and platforming games while other model and genre of games have not seen much PCG application yet. Further studies are also required to analyze how experimentation and evaluation of PCG are being done as well as PCG domain in educational games as well as game-based learning, the quality catachrestic being analyzed on the papers are also worth mentioning to understand the underlying result of PCG usage in game-related contents.

The Game-based Metaphorical Representations of the Arab Spring Revolutions in Journalistic Political Discourse

This paper explores how the Arab Spring Revolutions (ASRs) are metaphorically represented in journalistic discourse in a way that highlights or hides specific ideologies related to the political events and actors associated with the Egyptian and Tunisian revolutions over three years (2011-2013). Drawing on Charteris-Black's (2004) corpus-based approach of Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA), the main political events and actors represented metaphorically in the corpus data have been identified, explained and interpreted at different levels of semantic, pragmatic and cognitive analysis. The present study has reached three major findings. First, various source domains were manipulated to report different facets of the ASRs, while the source domain of games was the most dominant. Second, the corpus proved to be textually coherent based on the conceptual key THE ARAB SPRING REVOLUTIONS ARE GAMES which was built around the image schema of competition. Finally, gamification involved three basic scenarios: the first is a general frame of a game; the second clusters games into individual versus team games, and bodily-oriented versus mentally-oriented games; the final scenario represents games as a war. All ideologically-based conceptual metaphors constructed within the frame of gamification are typically Western. Arab Spring Revolutions (ASRs), conceptual metaphor, Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA), game, ideology, corpus

Play as Work

Abstract Contemporary images of desirable work (for example at gaming companies or at one of the tech giants) foregrounds creativity and incorporates and idealises elements of play. Simultaneously, becoming one of the best in some particular leisure activity can require many long hours of hard, demanding work. Between on the one hand work and on the other hand leisure and play, we enter the domain of games and sports. Most classical sports originally developed from physical practices of moving the human body and these practices were, through standardization, organization and rationalization, turned into sports. Many sport researchers, (sport) historians and (sport) sociologists have pointed out that sports have gone through a process of “sportification”. Cross-country skiing is an example of an activity that has gone through a historical process of sportification, over time becoming progressively more managed and regulated. Computer games are today following a similar trajectory and have gone from being a leisure activity to becoming a competitive activity, “esports”, with professional players, international competitions, and live streams that are watched by tens of millions of viewers.

The Hanabi challenge: A new frontier for AI research

From the early days of computing, games have been important testbeds for studying how well machines can do sophisticated decision making. In recent years, machine learning has made dramatic advances with artificial agents reaching superhuman performance in challenge domains like Go, Atari, and some variants of poker. As with their predecessors of chess, checkers, and backgammon, these game domains have driven research by providing sophisticated yet well-defined challenges for artificial intelligence practitioners. We continue this tradition by proposing the game of Hanabi as a new challenge domain with novel problems that arise from its combination of purely cooperative gameplay with two to five players and imperfect information. In particular, we argue that Hanabi elevates reasoning about the beliefs and intentions of other agents to the foreground. We believe developing novel techniques for such theory of mind reasoning will not only be crucial for success in Hanabi, but also in broader collaborative efforts, especially those with human partners. To facilitate future research, we introduce the open-source Hanabi Learning Environment, propose an experimental framework for the research community to evaluate algorithmic advances, and assess the performance of current state-of-the-art techniques.

Model-driven Game Development

Model-driven game development (MDGD) introduces model-driven methodology to the computer game domain, shifting the focus of game development from coding to modeling to make game development faster and easier. The research on MDGD is concerned with both the general model-driven software development methodology and the particular characteristics of game development. People in the MDGD community have proposed several approaches in the past decades, addressing both the technology and the development process in the context of MDGD. This article presents the state-of-art of MDGD research based on a literature review of 26 approaches in the field. The review is structured around five perspectives: target game domains, domain frameworks, modelling languages, tooling, and evaluation methods. The article also includes reflections and a discussion of the challenges within MDGD.

Evolving Complexity in Cooperative and Competitive Noisy Prediction Games.

We examine the effect of cooperative and competitive interactions on the evolution of complex strategies in a prediction game. We extend previous work to the domain of noisy games, defining a new organism and mutation model, and an accompanying novel complexity metric. We find that a mix of cooperation and competition is the most effective in driving complexity growth, confirming prior results. We also compare our complexity metric with simpler metrics such as raw strategy size, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our metric in distinguishing true complexity from mere genetic bloat.

Towards Designing Diegetic Gaze in Games: The Use of Gaze Roles and Metaphors

Gaze-based interactions have found their way into the games domain and are frequently employed as a means to support players in their activities. Instead of implementing gaze as an additional game feature via a game-centred approach, we propose a diegetic perspective by introducing gaze interaction roles and gaze metaphors. Gaze interaction roles represent ambiguous mechanics in gaze, whereas gaze metaphors serve as narrative figures that symbolise, illustrate, and are applied to the interaction dynamics. Within this work, the current literature in the field is analysed to seek examples that design around gaze mechanics and follow a diegetic approach that takes roles and metaphors into account. A list of surveyed gaze metaphors related to each gaze role is presented and described in detail. Furthermore, a case study shows the potentials of the proposed approach. Our work aims at contributing to existing frameworks, such as EyePlay, by reflecting on the ambiguous meaning of gaze in games. Through this integrative approach, players are anticipated to develop a deeper connection to the game narrative via gaze, resulting in a stronger experience concerning presence (i.e., being in the game world).

Effects of Emotions in Cognitive Based Game

Recognition of emotion has been done through different perspectives and is useful in many domains of Human Computer Interaction (HCI), especially in intelligent systems, interactive robots, web applications interaction, and to elaborate social media. Our aim is to design a system which encapsulates the behavior's set into roles which helps other developers in wrap behaviors into segments that can diverse dynamically, based on player moves. Games utilize contextual data about players and their environment to explore new means of interactions and enhance game experience. Cognitive science plays an important role in the performance of cognitive ASs. Recent research claims that the cognitive based games must incorporate in adaptive mechanisms especially in real- time adaption. Our research focuses on the domain of computer games based on emotions of player. In this research paper, we will layout a framework for adaptive agent game at which player's emotions are shown at each move in emotion avatar. With the help of cognition adaptive nature, system can change its level of difficulty as any change occur in performance of player. After achieving a real cognitive improvement, system will be able to provide appropriate challenges. Emotions in games enhance the motivation of player's by dynamically adapt the procedure of agent systems.

Effects of Emotions in Cognitive Based Game

Recognition of emotion has been done through different perspectives and is useful in many domains of Human Computer Interaction (HCI), especially in intelligent systems, interactive robots, web applications interaction, and to elaborate social media. Our aim is to design a system which encapsulates the behavior's set into roles which helps other developers in wrap behaviors into segments that can diverse dynamically, based on player moves. Games utilize contextual data about players and their environment to explore new means of interactions and enhance game experience. Cognitive science plays an important role in the performance of cognitive ASs. Recent research claims that the cognitive based games must incorporate in adaptive mechanisms especially in real- time adaption. Our research focuses on the domain of computer games based on emotions of player. In this research paper, we will layout a framework for adaptive agent game at which player's emotions are shown at each move in emotion avatar. With the help of cognition adaptive nature, system can change its level of difficulty as any change occur in performance of player. After achieving a real cognitive improvement, system will be able to provide appropriate challenges. Emotions in games enhance the motivation of player's by dynamically adapt the procedure of agent systems.

The Banzhaf Value and General Semivalues for Differentiable Mixed Games

We consider semivalues on pM∞—a vector space of games with a continuum of players (among which there may be atoms) that possess a robust differentiability feature. We introduce the notion of a derivative semivalue on pM∞ and extend the standard Banzhaf value from the domain of finite games onto pM∞ as a certain particularly simple derivative semivalue. Our main result shows that any semivalue on pM∞ is a derivative semivalue. It is also shown that the Banzhaf value is the only semivalue on pM∞ that satisfies a version of the composition property of Owen and that, in addition, is nonzero for all nonzero monotonic finite games.

A Whole New Ball Game: Harvesting Game Data for Player Profiling

Nowadays, video games play a very important role in human life and no longer purely associated with escapism or entertainment. In fact, gaming has become an essential part of our daily routines, which give rise to the exponential growth of various online game platforms. By participating in such platforms, individuals generate a multitude of game data points, which, for example, can be further used for automatic user profiling and recommendation applications. However, the literature on automatic learning from the game data is relatively sparse, which had inspired us to tackle the problem of player profiling in this first preliminary study. Specifically, in this work, we approach the task of player gender prediction based on various types of game data. Our initial experimental results inspire further research on user profiling in the game domain.

Toward reusable game technologies: assessing the usability of the RAGE component-based architecture framework

This paper investigates the usability of the RAGE component-based software architecture (RCSA). This architecture was designed to support serious game development by enabling cross-platform reuse of game software components. While the architecture has been technically validated elsewhere, this paper studies the perceived usefulness and ease of use of the architecture in practice. An extensive questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was administered to 23 software and game developers that have been creating RCSA-compliant game components or integrating these in actual serious games. The results show that developers are generally positive about the usability of the architecture and that the architecture helps them to do a better job in less time. It turns out that developers effectively use all communication modes that are offered by the architecture, most frequently those based on the component´s APIs and the bridge pattern. Some issues were reported, but could be easily addressed. Most developers reported that they have well understood the effectiveness of the architecture and indicated to keep using the architecture in future projects. The outcomes of this study show that the architecture opens up new opportunities to the cross-platform reuse of advanced game functionalities in serious game projects, to reduce production efforts and to advance the domain of serious games at large.

Assessing Quality of Mobile Applications Based on a Hybrid MCDM Approach

With the expansion in the quantity of cell phone utilization, mobile applications are developing significantly in today's high-tech environment. With this high demand, the quality of mobile applications is turning into a major issue. The organizations are still finding a way to develop quality applications. The number of quality models has already been proposed for assessing the quality of a mobile application but none of them provide a holistic view towards quality assurance. The present research work proposes an empirical evaluation of the SQM-MApp quality model using a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach named ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité (ELimination and Choice Expressing REality) (ELECTRE-TRI) method and step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method for ranking and determining weights of chosen quality factors respectively. The proposed approach specifically is for the mobile applications that are from the gaming domain. Also, validation of the proposed approach is performed by assessing the quality of gaming applications.

On the Coincidence of the Minimax Solution and the Value Function in a Time-Optimal Game with a Lifeline

We consider time-optimal differential games with a lifeline. In such games, as usual, there is a terminal set to which the first player tries to guide the system as fast as possible, and there is also a set, called a lifeline, such that the second player wins when the system attains this set. The payoff is the result of applying Kruzhkov’s variable change to the time when the system reaches the terminal set. We also consider Hamilton-Jacobi equations corresponding to such games. The existence of a minimax solution of a boundary value problem for a Hamilton-Jacobi type equation is proved. For this, we introduce certain strong assumptions on the dynamics of the game near the boundary of the game domain. More exactly, the first and second players can direct the motion of the system to the terminal set and the lifeline, respectively, if the system is near the corresponding set. Under these assumptions, the value function is continuous in the game domain. The coincidence of the value function and the minimax solution of the boundary value problem is proved under the same assumptions.

CHILDREN'S FOLK ART AND MOVEMENT RHYTHMIC GAMES AS A REGIONAL FEATURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM POTENTIAL

Children's traditional creativity as an inexhaustible inspiration, but also an alternative form of musical education, represents the biological human need. It is also an "extraordinary means of stimulating intelligence and a way of connecting and bonding people of the world" (Habermeyer, 2001). Our region features a large number of songs for pre-school children, as well as a large number of rhythmic games, which also belong to the field of physical and musical education, as well as domains of learning traditional games. More and more research suggests that children "possess the least knowledge of rhythmic games in general" (Dopudja, 1977). Although there has always existed a tradition of nurturing traditional games / dances that have been transferred to younger generations, both within families and in institutions for pre-school children, it can also be transferred through a well-organized and planned regional tourist offer if its contents are adapted and presented in one of the world languages. Every country in which tourism is one of the most important branches of the economy, naturally turns to its own traditional values and potentials. Furthermore, folklore heritage has proven to be an inexhaustible source of inspiration for both artists and lay people. One should bear in mind the important fact that tourism can be defined as "a correlation of services and other benefits used by tourists created from the need for temporary displacement of people. Having in mind the distinctiveness of tourism from the aspect of its heterogeneity, where the tourist aggregate is constituted of important elements" (Cuervo S. 1967) which also include folklore art as well as various forms of entertainment and leisure time (Stavric, Baros, 2005). If we are familiar with the fact that children primarily learn by listening, watching, doing or their combination, then it is clear that children's folk art and movement rhythmic games, music and art combine these three ways of learning, and at the same time, enhance the development of intelligence in children. All the elements, as well as the inevitable factors that accompany children's folk art, influence the psychophysical, intellectual and emotional development of a child (Planjanin-Simic, 2016). Such potentially offered cultural and educational content certainly leads to better understanding among people from different countries and regions. On the other hand, today, the English language has indubitably become the language of world communication, a contemporary “lingua franca”. What is more, the English language entered almost all spheres of life: music, entertainment, mass media, traveling, tourism... To that note, with the intention of bringing people who speak different languages closer together, this paper will offer the English translation of famous children folk songs, games and dances from our region, especially Montenegrin traditional rhythmic games, with the aim to present regional culture to foreigners and transcendent the language barrier.