Game Theory In Order Research Articles

Language evolution and population dynamics in a system of two interacting species

We use Monte Carlo simulations and assumptions from evolutionary game theory in order to study the evolution of words and the population dynamics of a system made of two interacting species which initially speak two different languages. The species are characterized by their identity, vocabulary, and have different initial fitness, i.e. reproduction capability. We investigate how different initial fitness affects the vocabulary of the species or the population dynamics by leading to a permanent populational advantage. We further find that the spatial distributions of the species may cause the system to exhibit pattern formation or segregation. We show that an initial fitness advantage, even though very quickly balanced, leads to better spatial arrangement and enhances survival probabilities of the species. In most cases the system will arrive at a final state where both languages coexist. However, in cases where one species greatly outnumbers the other in population and fitness, then only one species survives with its “final” language having a slightly richer vocabulary than its initial language. Thus, our results offer an explanation for the existence and origin of synonyms in spoken languages.

ROBUST ASYMPTOTIC CONTROLLABILITY UNDER TIME-VARYING PERTURBATIONS

We investigate the effect of time-varying perturbations on the dynamical behavior of nonlinear control systems. More specifically, we study the effect of such perturbations on the controlled equivalent of asymptotically stable sets, i.e. asymptotically controllable sets. In the first part of this paper we illustrate by a simple example how different types of perturbations affect this dynamical behavior and use concepts from dynamical game theory in order to identify classes of perturbations which allow to model the effects of numerical discretization errors both in time and space. In the second part we introduce appropriate robustness properties and prove that these are inherent properties for asymptotically controllable sets under these classes of perturbations.

Dynamical identification of inputs for linear retarded systems

We present a dynamical identification procedure for a linear system described by a differential retarded systems, and partial observations. The algorithm uses ideas from game theory in order to compare the output of the system with the output of a “model” of it, and can be performed on line.

Games lawyers play?

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly to review the book by Douglas Baird, Robert Gertner and Randal Picker on the use of Game Theory in Law,' and secondly to present some of the basic concepts from game theory in order to argue that these concepts can be of use to both practising and academic lawyers. Whereas game theory does not hold the complete answer to most, if any of the questions which are raised in law, it can provide additional insights to guide evaluations of the working of the legal system as well as informing the debates about legal reforms. Until GTL, lawyers wondering about the usefulness of game theory in a legal context but unfamiliar with its jargon and concepts had few sources to turn to.2 This book is therefore both timely and important. Game theory offers guidance on how to make decisions consistent with a set of objectives when no individual through their own actions solely determines the resultant outcomes. Individuals face a particular problem in decision making when they alone cannot control the outcome of their actions and when this outcome depends on the actions of others. In such cases, in order to evaluate the available options, each individual must attempt to identify and predict the actions of all other relevant individuals. This is particularly important in situations where there are potential conflicts of interest between these individuals. The law of tort provides some simple examples. Both the probability of an accident happening and the extent of the damage caused depend in many cases on both the injurer and injured. The optimal action of both those who may

Approaches to conflict modeling: A study of a possible USA-USSR nuclear confrontation

A possible nuclear confrontation between the USA and USSR is analyzed using five different models from game theory in order to compare the various approaches that can be taken in the analysis of conflicts. Of particular importance is an improved metagame analysis model that provides a comprehensive procedure for analyzing not only the nuclear conflict but also any other type of real world conflict that can arise in practice. When the improved metagame analysis model is linked with a new state transition model, the dynamics of the game can be thoroughly studied.