Game Of Tag Research Articles

Head injuries caused by contact with teeth during sports and exercise activities in Japanese schools during the period 2012-2018.

During sports activities, teeth-related contact can cause injury to both ally and opponent players, which can lead to potential infections and aesthetic problems. However, the extent of such injuries remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the frequency and situation of head injuries caused by teeth (HICBT) occurring under the supervision of schools in Japan. HICBT records were extracted from the Japan Sport Council data on head injuries occurring reported during the 7-year period from 2012 to 2018 under the supervision of schools in Japan. Of the total 463527 head injury cases during the study period, 4495 cases (approximately 1%) were HICBT. Of the HICBT cases, 3650 (81.20%) were related to sports and athletic activity. Such injuries were reported to occur most often during basketball with a rate of 57.07 and 50.43%; soccer/futsal was the next most common sport with a rate of 13.38 and 24.01% in junior high school and high school students. Tag games were responsible for a similar number of HICBT cases at 22.73 and 39.03% in kindergartens and elementary school students. A total of 4495 cases of HICBT were identified, accounting for about 1% of all head injuries under the supervision of schools in Japan during the study period. This result reminds us that our teeth could be the weapon against the around players during sports events. HICBTs occurring during basketball and soccer/futsal, in which mouthguards are not mandatory, were conspicuous among junior and senior high school students. Active use of mouthguards in various sports will protect players as well as their teammates and opponents. Sports dentists should encourage the revision of rules, such as mandating the use of mouthguards, in popular sports with a high incidence of HICBT, such as basketball and soccer/futsal.

How leaderboard positions shape our motivation: the impact of competence satisfaction and competence frustration on motivation in a gamified crowdsourcing task

PurposeGamification is a booming motivational approach in information systems. Leaderboards play a key role in gamification; however, there are mixed findings regarding the heterogeneous motivational impacts of leaderboard positions. This study aims to clarify the motivational effects of high and low leaderboard positions by assembling diverse behavioral measures and self-reports. The measures used in this study shed a light on the quantitative and qualitative dynamics of motivation facilitated by leaderboard positions. The authors inspect motivation in relation to satisfaction and frustration of competence need.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an online experiment set in a crowdsourcing context, asking the participants to compete in an image tagging game. Participants' leaderboard positions were manipulated to be either high or low for five consecutive rounds. The number of clicks, tags, duration of tagging and persistence on the task were measured as indicators of motivation.FindingsHigh ranks on leaderboards induced complacent behaviors choosing easy ways to maintain their positions, while low ranks led the participants to stick to the right process of the task with intensified motivation round after round. However, neither of the motivations seemed to be of intrinsic nature.Originality/valueThe present study provides conclusive evidence on the varying motivational impact of leaderboard positions. The authors also demonstrate how the “needs-as-motive” model (Sheldon and Gunz, 2009) applies to gamification. Its implications in self-determination theory and gamification literature are discussed.

An Examination of the Effectiveness of Physical Education Teaching Strategies to Enhance Physical Competence in the Lower Grades of Elementary School : Relationship Between Physical Competence and Tactical Decision-making Ability

In this study, we aimed to examine physical competence in the lower grades of elementary school by applying three teaching strategies: ingenuity of teaching materials, relationship with rich friends, and the teacher’s approach to enhance physical competence. Physical competence was composed of three factors: “perceived physical competence,” “feelings of control,” and “peer and teacher acceptance.” In addition, we examined the relationship between physical competence and tactical decision-making ability. We hypothesized that improving tactical decision-making ability would enhance students’ “perceived physical competence” and “feelings of control.”Eighty-two first-grade students participated in this study. The students were divided into three groups and were required to play tag games. To evaluate the physical competence of students, we utilized the Okazawa, Kita and Suwa’s physical competence scale developed in 1996. We then divided the participants into upper and lower groups according to their “physical competence” or factor score. To analyze students’ decision-making ability, we made them play the same games for one hour before and after the unit. We video recorded the games and used the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) for data analysis. We reported three main findings. First, when teaching strategies were applied to enhance physical competence, the upper group maintained a high value both before and after the unit, while the lower group improved after the unit. Second, decision-making ability regarding game performance improved in both the upper and lower groups. Third, improving decision making ability is necessary to enhance “physical competence” in the upper group. Finally, there was a negative relationship between “ball-keeping” (or waiting until the game situation changes) and “perceived physical competence” in the upper group, and between “ball-keeping” and “feelings of control” in both the upper and lower groups.Our study demonstrated that students’ physical competence improved when teaching strategies were applied to enhance physical competence. Additionally, we showed that improving students’ decision-making ability is critical to increasing their “physical competence” in the upper group.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Sepak Sila dalam Permainan Sepak Takraw Dengan Metode Tag Games pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan Rekreasi Universitas Tadulako

This study aimed to determine Silat's skills in the game of sepak takraw among Tadulako University Recreational Health Physical Education students. The method in this study uses a descriptive quantitative form of sports class action research. The population used in this study was 35 students. The sample used was all students using the total sampling technique. Based on the results of student research in cycle I, totaling 35 participants, there were 25 students with a total percentage of 71% and ten students who still needed to complete with a percentage of 29%. Then proceed to cycle II with 35 students obtaining 100% completeness results. In conclusion, there is an increase in the creativity of precepts in the game of takraw with the tag games method for Tadulako University Recreational Health Physical Education students..
 Keywords: Skills, Sepak Takraw, Tag Games

CHANGE OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUP OF KHO KHO PLAYERS

In India, khokho is one of the oldest and most well-known tag games. The purpose of the study was to compare the physical fitness parameters and anthropometric parameters among the three age groups of Kho-Kho players as physical fitness and anthropometricparameters are the most important factors to execute performance in competitive situation. To accomplish the purpose of the study BMI, Arm length, Foot length, speed, agility and speed endurance were taken as the variables.Toconduct the study total 45girls subjects were selected from three different age group of Kho-Kho. The mean and S.D. of scores of each variables were computed, there after F test was computed to find out the significance of differences among the score of each variable of physical fitness and anthropometric parameters among three groups of Kho-Kho players and LSD was computed to find out the significant difference among three groups. There was a gradual increase of height and body weight with age. The BMI of the junior group(18.03 ± 2.55 kg/m2) was the lowest and the most senior group(20.02 ± 1.57 kg/m2) was highest.The speed of the middle age group(7.69 ± 0.34sec) was best. The agility of the junior group(10.97± 3.07sec.) showed best than the other groups. The speed endurance of middle group(81.13 ± 7.15sec) was better than the other two groups. The average foot length of junior most groups (21.86 ± 1.24cm) was lowest and the middle aged group(22.86 ± 1.12cm) was highest. The average arm length of junior most group(62.80± 4.17cm) lowest and the senior most group(69.53 ± 4.85cm) was highest.It may conclude thatthe characteristics of anthropometric parameters and physical fitness variables vary with the different age but no such specific direction of increase or decrease of such variables is drawn.

The Influence of Shared Intentions With Others in Physical and Cognitive Tasks That Require Collaborative Solving in Elementary School

Developing the competence to share intentions with others is an important role of elementary schools for the children’s future well-being. We analyzed and clarified the relationship between physical and cognitive tasks that require collaborative solving to cultivate the skill of sharing intentions with others through human movement. As a physical task, we designed a tag game in which two defenders prevented three attackers from passing through to reach the goal line. We focused on the defenders’ movement in the game and analyzed the efficiency of each defender’s movement as an individual behavior and the interpersonal distance between these two defenders as a pair behavior. As a cognitive task, we examined pair activities when understanding concepts in math classes. We observed talking and listening behaviors during the pair activities and analyzed the responsive behavior as an individual behavior, which comprised responsive utterances and active listening from the listener’s gaze direction. Role change during pair activities in math lessons was analyzed as a pair behavior. We then analyzed the relationship between behaviors in both tasks. The hypotheses were as follows: (1) task constraints lead to an interaction between individual and pair behaviors in both tasks and (2) individual and pair behaviors in the two tasks have similar characteristics. The results from both tasks support the first hypothesis that the efficiencies of individual movement and interpersonal distance in the tag game and the frequencies of responsive behavior and role changes in the pair activities in math classes are positively correlated. The results also support the second hypothesis that the individual and pair behaviors in the two tasks are significantly correlated. These results suggest that the competence to share intention with others is fundamental regardless of the task nature: physical or cognitive. The findings suggest that the task constraints of joint action in physical education lead to an understanding of the task goals and to exploring the solution for winning. These experiences might be generalized to all cognitive tasks for cultivating the competence to share intentions with others.

Socio-motor relationships, perceived enjoyment and competence of young players during the game of tag

Socio-motor relationships, perceived enjoyment and competence of young players during the game of tag

Absentees: On Variously Missing Persons. Daniel Heller-Roazen. New York: Zone Books, 2021. Pp. 317.

<i>Absentees: On Variously Missing Persons</i>. Daniel Heller-Roazen. New York: Zone Books, 2021. Pp. 317.

Humans vs. Zombies: Data-driven Modeling of Disease Spread

Disease spread in close-knit communities depends heavily on the natural immunity of the individuals in the community as well as on the individuals’ interactions within the environment. This study uses data from a game of tag called Humans vs. Zombies, played on a small liberal arts campus, to examine how this “human element” can affect the spread of diseases in such communities. We fit five disease models to our data and find the best-fit parameters for each model. We conclude that an SIR model with multiple susceptibility classes and sleep cycles modifications provides the best fit, showing that human behavior is an essential element in disease modeling and that the diurnal routine of the individuals plays an important role in disease spread. Other college campuses could model similar games to observe how different cultures of people affect the results, which also doubles as a fun student engagement opportunity.

Who gets to play recognitional tag?

AbstractWith regard to the sociality of agency and the role that second‐person address plays, I propose to contrast and develop (1) a Fichtean‐Darwallian account that seems to tie agency to mutual recognition but tacitly presupposes a more fundamental agency independent of it that enables us to enter the circle of recognition. (2) A Brandomian account that although initially proposing a more robustly social account of agency, ultimately remains entrapped in a game of mirrors. (3) Hegel's own approach recasts the issue by giving up the idea that the sociality of agency can be understood in terms of what I call a game of recognitional tag. Instead, we are inhabiting a practice that involves a social struggle about the very form of this practice, and it is this that Hegel has termed a “struggle for recognition.”

Promoting Interpersonal Relationships through Elbow Tag, a Traditional Sporting Game. A Multidimensional Approach

The aim of this research was to study from a multidimensional point of view (decisional, relational and energetic) the interpersonal relationships established by girls and boys in the traditional sport game of Elbow Tag. Scientific evidence has shown that Traditional Sport Games (TSG) trigger different effects on male and female genders in relation to emotional experiences, decision-making, conflicts and motor relationships. Despite the fact that these dimensions are intertwined, there are hardly any studies that interpret motor behaviors holistically, i.e., taking a multidimensional (360°) view of these dimensions. For this study, a quasi-experimental design was used and a type III design was applied, inspired by the observational methodology N/P/M. A total of 147 university students participated (M = 19.6, SD = 2.3): 47 girls (31.97%) and 100 boys (68.02%). A mixed ‘ad hoc’ registration system was designed with acceptable margins of data quality. Cross-tabulations, classification trees and T-patterns analysis were applied. The results indicated that social interactions between girls and boys in a mixed group were unequal. This difference was mainly due to decision-making (sub-role variable), which has much greater predictive power than the energetic variables (MV and steps).

Predictors and Acceptability of Shared Physical Activity Participation in Parent–Child Dyads

ABSTRACT Shared physical activity (PA) in children and their parents is an approach to increase PA participation for both children and adults. Understanding variables associated with shared PA is essential to inform effective, tailored PA interventions for families. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors and to assess the acceptability of shared PA in parent–child dyads. Each parent–child dyad (n = 31; mean ± SD age, parents: 38.0 ± 6.6 yr, children: 5.9 ± 1.7 yr) was guided through five standardized PAs (brisk walking, jumping games, body-weight exercises, dancing, and tag games) at a research fitness center. Parents reported demographic characteristics and PA-related variables (i.e., PA self-efficacy, family chaos, and annual household income). One week later, parents (n = 28) reported their dyad’s weekly minutes spent in shared PA. A forward selection procedure was used to determine the optimal regression model for predicting minutes of shared PA. McNemar’s tests were used to determine the dyad’s acceptability of each shared PA. Lower family chaos (β = −19.41, P = 0.034), higher parent body mass index (β = 7.65, P = 0.003), and higher annual household income (β = 11.85, P = 0.023) predicted minutes of shared PA. Jumping games, body-weight exercises, dancing, and tag games were not acceptable for parent–child dyads to participate in together (P &lt; 0.05). Brisk walking was an acceptable shared PA (P = 0.125). Lower family chaos, higher parent body mass index, and higher annual household income predicted shared PA. Brisk walking was an acceptable PA for parent–child dyads to participate outside of a research laboratory setting. These results can aid future PA programs that include children and parents together.

Quantitative analysis of spontaneous sociality in children's group behavior during nursery activity.

Sociality is the tendency to spontaneously interact with others to establish and maintain relationships. Some approaches, including questionnaires, tests, controlled experiments, and qualitative field research, cannot capture complex social interactions, such as in children during nursery activities, because of problems with ecological validity and the labor cost of analysis. Here, we introduced a new methodology for the quantitative analysis of spontaneous social movement and investigated children’s group behavior using position data. We periodically visited a nursery and recorded videos of eurhythmics, in which children move in tune with music, in different classes. The results revealed that children in the six-year-old class approached others in a short period of time (within one second) and established group behavior like that in a game of tag. It can be interpreted that such social behavior may include actions related to the cognition of anticipating others’ behaviors in a complex situation. Although only a small amount of data could be acquired, this study suggests one of the characteristics of social behaviors in the classroom considering an ecological approach.

The suspension: "the freeze tag game" in constitutional controversies in Mexico

La evolución de la suspensión y su naturaleza como medida cautelar en los medios de regularidad constitucional, demandan el divorcio entre esta y la idea de que su efecto solo implique un afán de encantamiento que imposibilite la ejecución del acto que motiva la controversia constitucional. De esta forma, con miras a enervar cualquier daño de imposible reparación, provocado por un órgano estatal que inobserve disposiciones pilares del texto de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (CPEUM) –el sistema de protección del federalismo, la división de poderes y la tutela de la persona humana– deben aplicarse las características connaturales, cautelares, de la suspensión, para adelantar provisionalmente los derechos que, con posterioridad, sean estudiados en su constitucionalidad.

Physical Activity and Enjoyment in Parent–Child Dyads During Shared Physical Activity

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare objectively-measured physical activity (PA) and enjoyment of five shared PAs in parent-child dyads. Method: Thirty-one parent-child dyads (mean±SD; age, parents: 38.0 ± 6.6 years, children: 5.9 ± 1.7 years) completed separate PA sessions, which included five standardized PAs (brisk walking, jumping games, dancing, body-weight exercises, and tag games) in random order for each dyad. Parent and child moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and accelerometer counts per minute (CPM) were measured using Actigraph GT9X activity monitors. The Visual Analog Scale was used to assess enjoyment of children and parents. Repeated measures ANOVAs and paired t-tests determined differences in PA within and between children and parents for the activities, respectively. Friedman Tests with post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests determined significant differences in enjoyment across the activities for children and parents and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared enjoyment between children and parents for each PA. Results: Jumping games resulted in the highest proportion of time spent in MVPA and highest overall CPM for children and parents (p < .05). Compared to parents, children spent proportionally more time in MVPA during jumping games, body-weight exercises, and tag games (all, p < .05). Tag games were the most enjoyable PA for children and parents (p < .05). Children enjoyed body-weight exercises more than parents (p < .05). Conclusions: Future indoor PA programs and research interventions that include parent-child dyads should consider implementing jumping games, body-weight exercises, and tag games during shared PA, which resulted in higher MVPA and enjoyment by both children and parents when compared to walking and dancing.

NKG2D and MICA/B shedding: a 'tag game' between NK cells and malignant cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with cytotoxic functions and recognise target cells with the NK group 2D (NKG2D) receptor. Tumor cells are marked for NK‐cell‐mediated destruction upon expression of MICA and MICB (MICA/B), which are NKG2D ligands upregulated by many human cancers in response to cellular stress pathways associated with malignant transformation such as DNA damage and accumulation of misfolded proteins. However, MICA/B proteins are downregulated by tumor cells via intriguing molecular mechanisms, such as post‐translational modifications in which the external domains of MICA/B are proteolytically cleaved by surface proteases and shed into the extracellular space. MICA/B shedding by cancer cells causes effective escape from NKG2D recognition and allows the development of cancers. Patients frequently have increased concentrations of soluble MICA/B molecules shed in the blood plasmas and sera, thus indicating that MICA/B shedding is a therapeutic target in immune‐oncology. Here, we review the clinical significance of MICA/B shedding in cancer as well as novel immunotherapeutic approaches that aim to restore NKG2D‐mediated surveillance. We also briefly discuss potential roles of MICA/B shedding beyond oncology, such as in viral infections and immune tolerance. This review will help to inform the future developments of NKG2D‐based immunotherapies.

Strategies to Support Physical Activity for Parents and Caregivers of Young Children

Strategies to Support Physical Activity for Parents and Caregivers of Young Children

Predictors and Acceptability of Shared Physical Activity in Parent-Child Dyads

PURPOSE: To identify significant predictors and assess the acceptability of shared physical activity (PA) in young children and their parents. METHODS: Twenty-eight parent-child dyads (mean±SD; age, parents: 38.0±6.6, children: 6.0±1.7) completed sessions in a fitness center that included five different shared PAs (brisk walking, dancing, tag games, body-weight exercises, and jumping games) and were instructed to try to complete at least one PA per day in the following week at home. One week later, parents reported their dyad’s participation in the shared PAs. Parents reported demographic characteristics, family chaos, parent PA self-efficacy, parental PA self-efficacy for their child, and average min/week of shared PA. A forward stepwise regression was used to determine the optimal model to predict the total number of minutes parent-child dyads spent completing each PA together at home. McNemar’s test was used to determine differences between perceived acceptability and completion of the five PAs as a dyad during shared time. RESULTS: Lower family chaos (B=-19.41, p=0.034), higher parent body mass index (BMI) (B=7.65, p=0.003), and higher annual household income (B=11.85, p=0.023) significantly predicted minutes of shared PA at home. The proportion of parents who perceived brisk walking as an acceptable PA was not different (p=0.125) than those who briskly walked with their child. The proportion of parents who perceived jumping games, body-weight exercises, dancing, and tag games as acceptable PAs was greater than those who completed these PAs with their child (all, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Shared PA participation may be higher when participants have lower family chaos, higher parental BMI, and higher annual household income. Brisk walking could be considered in future family-based PA programs since it was perceived as acceptable and was completed in the home environment, whereas the other shared PAs were perceived as acceptable but not completed at home.

The performativity of provocation: the case of Artur Zmijewski

Performativity occurs in, and on behalf of the present. This can be seen with special clarity in the speech act of provocation. In this article, the performative of provocation is analysed by focusing on two works by the Polish artist Artur Zmijewski: Berek (Game of Tag) (1999) and 80064 (2005). Both works deal with the Holocaust in provocative ways and were highly controversial when they were exhibited. In their problematic nature these works substantiate Slavoj Žižek’s paradoxical statement that a coherent, truthful account of the traumatic past belies its own truthfulness. A narrative of trauma cannot be a clear narrative. This requires a different artistic, semiotic posture: not representation but performativity, so that conventional prescriptive moral rules can be replaced by an effective, affect-based ethics. Zmijewski’s videos shake up the fixed notions of Nazi victims and Holocaust survivors. And that is the first necessary step towards opening up the debate to a series of questions about the role of Polish people in the Holocaust. The importance and even necessity of these questions is demonstrated by the recent legislation in Poland that outlaws blaming Poles for the crimes of the Holocaust.

Automated and unobtrusive measurement of physical activity in an interactive playground

Abstract Promoting physical activity is one of the main goals of interactive playgrounds. To validate whether this goal is met, we need to measure the amount of physical player activity. Traditional methods of measuring activity, such as observations or annotations of game sessions, require time and personnel. Others, such as heart rate monitors and accelerometers, need to be worn by the player. In this paper, we investigate whether physical activity can be measured unobtrusively by tracking players using depth cameras and applying computer vision algorithms. In a user study with 32 players, we measure the players’ speed while playing a game of tag, and demonstrate that our measures correlate well with exertion measured using heart rate sensors. This makes the method an attractive alternative to either manual coding or the use of worn devices. We also compare our approach to other exertion measurement methods. Finally, we demonstrate and discuss its potential for automated, unobtrusive measurements and real-time game adaptation.