Game Consoles Research Articles

The application of console games – exergames in cardiac rehabilitation: a pilot study

Introduction. Too many people avoid regular physical activity, and therefore various strategies are taken to increase their motivation. In recent years, exercising with the use of console games, i.e. exergames, has gained popularity. Material & Methods. The study included patients referred for an early post-hospital inpatient rehabilitation. All subjects participated in endurance training on cycle ergometers and in fitness exercises (dynamic, stretching, coordination, balance) with elements of resistance training 5 times per week. In the test group, the rehabilitation program was complemented with training with ActivLife equipment. Training sessions took place every day, 5 times a week. They involved training program consisting of 7 exercises that develop motor abilities: coordination, strength and balance in the form of activities similar to traditional exercises – squats, lateral flexion, three-plane movements of the upper limbs and torso deflections in sagittal plane. Trainings lasted from 15 to 20 minutes. Results. After rehabilitation significant improvement of exertion tolerance was observed in patients in both groups in the following tests: 6MWT [m] – test group: 369 vs 426, p < 0.05, control group: 341 vs 434, p < 0.001; test of strength of the muscles in the lower limbs [number of repetitions/30s] were: test group: 11.4 vs 13.6, p < 0.001, control group: 9.9 vs 13.1, p < 0.001 and in the Up&Go Test [s]: test group 7.8 vs 6.7, p < 0.01, control group 8.4 vs 7.3, p < 0.01. Conclusions. Interactive console games are evaluated by cardiac patients as an attractive, safe, and useful method of exercising. Training with the use of the ActivLife equipment has proved to be as effective as traditional exercises.

The relationship between digital game addiction, cyberloafing, and psychological well-being in primary school students

Aims: Today, with the advances in technology, the use of devices such as computers, digital game consoles, phones, and tablets has also increased. However, with the widespread use of internet access, digital platforms have started to be used frequently in interpersonal interaction and relations. The use of digital games and the internet, where the user age is in a wide range, has decreased to very young ages, and the time spent by individuals in games and on the internet has gradually increased. In this context, the duration of stay in the digital environment can be seen as an important criterion in terms of addiction. Spending excessive time in the digital environment can cause individuals to be adversely affected by psychosocial aspects. The purpose of our study is to reveal the reasons for the complex and multifaceted relationship between cyberloafing, digital game addiction, and well-being, and to discuss potential solutions. 
 Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The study group was formed of 1330 students in the second stage of primary education in grades, 5, 6, 7, and 8, in state schools. The sample Group consisted of 614 females and 716 males in almost the same age group. The game addiction scale, perceived cyberloafing scale, and psychological well-being scale were applied to students. The necessary permission to conduct the study was obtained from, then the data were collected in face-to-face interviews on a voluntary basis. The data obtained in this study were analyzed statistically using SPSS vn. 23 and AMOS 23 software.
 Results: The Gaming Addiction Scale score was determined to be mean 42.09 for the whole group, 36.96 for females, and 46.96 for males. The Cyberloafing Scale score was determined to be a mean of 24.01 for the whole group, 21.94 for females, and 25.79 for males. The Psychological Well-Being Scale score was found to be a mean of 30.60 for the whole group, 32.02 for females and, 29.39 for males. A positive correlation was observed between gaming addiction and, cyberloafing, (p=0.00) and both of these conditions were determined to be negatively correlated with psychological well-being. (p=0.00)
 Conclusion: Activities to support students’ psychological well-being can help prevent vicious cycles between cyberloafing, game addiction, and psychological well-being by contributing to controlling cyberloafing and game addiction tendencies.

THE IMPACT OF MICROTRANSACTIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER GAME BUSINESS MODELS

The paper deals with the impact of microtransactions on the development of new business models in the field of computer games, caused by various monetized offerings within computer games, as well as other platforms such as gaming consoles and smartphones. The paper also examines the reasons for the emergence of business models based on microtransactions in the video game industry and the influence of the industry’s transition towards a consumer-oriented model. The central hypothesis of the paper is that microtransactions have a strong impact on the development of business models in the entire video game industry, and that over time, the value of products monetized in this way increases, despite consumers’ efforts to prevent this development direction of the industry. The paper conducted research on a population of consumers of video game content, mainly students of the Faculty of Organization and Informatics at the University of Zagreb, as well as respondents from other EU countries. The conclusion is that the number of microtransactions and the number of business models based on microtransactions will continue to grow in the future, but there are ways to combat those forms of microtransactions that have negative effects on consumers, especially minors, and, in some situations, even illegal.

Bridging physical and virtual ecologies of action: giving and following instructions in co-located VR-gaming sessions

Using multimodal conversation analysis, this study examines how communicative practices are adapted to the affordances for interaction in co-located encounters where participants are getting acquainted with VR-technology and games. The analysis focuses on instructional activities and investigates how an expert player guides others in learning how to handle VR equipment and getting to know the game mechanics during the initial moments of starting a new game.
 The data comprises video-recordings of informal social gatherings of 3-4 young adults who take turns in trying out different VR games. The gaming situations were organized in a temporary game lab using consumer-grade VR equipment, a large screen that displayed video feed from the game console and loudspeakers for the game sound.
 The analysis demonstrates how the experienced player who has no direct agency over the virtual world uses verbal and carefully placed tactile means to help novice players (who in turn have restricted access to the material world) navigate the initial stages of entering a game. Their complying actions, on the other hand, are characterized by finely tuned bodily adjustments in interplay with affordances of the technology. The instruction sequences, therefore, represent interactional moments in which the participants mutually attend to asymmetries, orienting to bridging physical and virtual ecologies of action.

Exergaming (physically active video gaming) for mental health service users in a community mental health care setting: an ethnographic observational feasibility study

BackgroundPeople with severe and enduring mental illness experience health inequalities with premature mortality; lifestyle behaviours are known to be contributing factors with low levels of physical activity reported. Facilitating physical activity to help maintain or improve health for those who are disadvantaged is essential. Exergaming (gaming involving physical movement) is increasingly used to improve physical activity across the lifespan and for those with a range clinical conditions; this might offer a way to increase physical activity for those with severe mental illness. The aim of this study was to explore engagement of mental health service users with exergaming to increase physical activity in a community mental health care setting.MethodsAn ethnographic observational feasibility study was undertaken through participant observation and semi-structured interviews. A gaming console was made available for 2 days per week for 12 months in a community mental health setting. A reflexive thematic analysis was performed on the data.ResultsTwenty one mental health service users engaged with the intervention, with two thirds exergaming more than once. One participant completed the semi-structured interview. Key themes identified from the observational field notes were: support (peer and staff support); opportunity and accessibility; self-monitoring; and perceived benefits. Related themes that emerged from interview data were: benefits; motivators; barriers; and delivery of the intervention. Integrating these findings, we highlight social support; fun, enjoyment and confidence building; motivation and self-monitoring; and, accessibility and delivery in community mental health care context are key domains of interest for mental health care providers.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that exergaming engages people with SMI with physical activity. The value, acceptability and feasibility of open access exergaming in a community mental health service context is supported. Facilitating exergaming has the potential to increase physical activity for mental health service users leading to possible additional health benefits.

Playfulness and New Technologies in Hand Therapy for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Scoping Review.

Innovative technologies such as game consoles and smart toys used with games or playful approaches have proven to be successful and attractive in providing effective and motivating hand therapy for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Thus, there is an increased interest in designing and implementing interventions that can improve the well-being of these children. However, to understand how and why these interventions are motivating children, we need a better understanding of the playful elements of technology-supported hand therapy. This scoping review aims to identify the playful elements and the innovative technologies currently used in hand therapy for children with CP. We included studies that design or evaluate interventions for children with CP that use innovative technologies with game or play strategies. Data were extracted and analyzed based on the type of technology, description of the system, and playful elements according to the Lenses of Play, a play design toolkit. A total of 31 studies were included in the analysis. Overall, 54 papers were included in the analysis. The results showed high use of consumer technologies in hand therapy for children with CP. Although several studies have used a combination of consumer technologies with therapeutic-specific technologies, only a few studies focused on the exclusive use of therapeutic-specific technologies. To analyze the playfulness of these interventions that make use of innovative technologies, we focused our review on 3 lenses of play: Open-ended Play, where it was found that the characteristics of ludus, such as a structured form of play and defined goals and rules, were the most common, whereas strategies that relate to paidia were less common. The most commonly used Forms of Play were physical or active form and games with rules. Finally, the most popular Playful experiences were control, challenge, and competition. The inventory and analysis of innovative technology and playful elements provided in this study can be a starting point for new developments of fun and engaging tools to assist hand therapy for children with CP.

A Study on the Change in Fatigue and Visual Function when Using Console Games at Near and Far Distances

A Study on the Change in Fatigue and Visual Function when Using Console Games at Near and Far Distances

Supportive eHealth Technologies and Their Effects on Physical Functioning and Quality of Life for People With Lung Cancer: Systematic Review.

Despite advancements in treatment and early diagnosis, people with lung cancer are not living as long as those with other cancers. The more common symptoms of lung cancer, such as breathlessness, fatigue, and depression, can be alleviated by improving patients' physical functioning. Therefore, good symptom management and improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are priorities in this patient group. However, current health care services have limited capacity to provide this support. One way to address this issue of health care resources is to empower patients to self-manage their condition using eHealth technologies. The purpose of this review was to identify and assess available research on technologies that support persons with lung cancer to improve or maintain their physical functioning, HRQoL, or both. Six databases-PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO-were searched from January 1, 1990, to April 30, 2023. Studies were suitable for inclusion if the participants included people with lung cancer aged >18 years who had been exposed to a physical activity, exercise, or training intervention that was delivered via an electronic or web-based application with or without a comparator. Furthermore, the study had to report on the impact of the intervention on physical functioning and HRQoL. Studies that focused on telemedicine without a digital intervention were excluded. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to assess the quality of the included papers. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. This review is reported in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 794 papers were initially identified through our search, of which, after screening, 8 (1%) were confirmed suitable for inclusion in the review. As 2 (25%) of the 8 papers reported on different stages of the same study, we included only 7 studies in our analysis. The studies were undertaken between 2010 and 2018 across multiple countries and aimed to develop a technology and test its feasibility or acceptance. The 7 technologies identified included web-based applications, mobile apps, and gaming consoles. The studies demonstrated impact on walking distance, muscle strength, balance, dyspnea symptoms, and cancer-related fatigue. HRQoL scores also showed improvement. The findings indicate that eHealth technologies can positively impact physical functioning and well-being for people with lung cancer, but there are limited studies that demonstrate the impact of these digital interventions over longer periods. None of the studies reported on the implementation or adoption of a mobile health or eHealth intervention in routine clinical practice, highlighting the need for further research in this area. PROSPERO CRD42023414094; https://tinyurl.com/39hhbwyx.

Success of Nintendo Switch in 3C Marketing Model

The Nintendo Switch is a type of game console that was designed by Nintendo and offered for sale in March, 2017. Since the Nintendo Switch was on sale, it was fascinated by plenty of customers and game fans to buy it because of its unique property of its combination of home game consoles and handheld game consoles, and it became the best-selling gaming console in 10 months in North American history. Most of the success of Switch will be attributed to its subversive design. However, the uniqueness of a new product is only the start of success for a company. The marketing strategy, which was based on the 3C marketing model and implemented by Nintendo, is the key to the success of the Nintendo Switch. This research uses a comparative analysis approach and statistics analysis, studying and comparing the data of sales, groups of customers, and companys cost from Nintendo and its competitors, to arrive at the conclusion that, due to the special design for customers, efficient production for the company, and targeted strategy for competitors, the Nintendo Switch has become one of the most popular game consoles in the world.

The Effectiveness of Video-Based Game Exercise Therapy Applications in Pes Planus Rehabilitation: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Pes planus is one of the most common foot deformities. Although there are many studies on the effectiveness of various exercise methods in pes planus rehabilitation, the number of studies on video-based game exercise therapy applications is very limited. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 video-based game exercise therapies and structured exercise practices in pes planus rehabilitation. This study is a 3-arm, parallel-group, single-blinded randomized controlled trial. The study will include 69 patients with flexible pes planus aged between 18 and 25 years who attend the orthopedics and traumatology clinic and meet the inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes are measures of navicular drop and pedobarographic analysis before and after the intervention, and the secondary outcomes include balance, femoral anteversion, and lower extremity muscle strength. Participants will be evaluated with a navicular drop test for medial longitudinal arch height, a pedobarographic analysis system for plantar pressure analysis, a Craig test for femoral anteversion, the Becure Balance System for balance measurement, and a myometer device for lower extremity muscle strength measurement. Participants will be randomly assigned to a structured exercise group, an exergame group, or a serious game group according to their order of arrival. The structured exercise group will use a short foot exercise, a towel-picking exercise, and various walking and balance exercises. Patients in the serious play group will play the lower extremity games in the Becure Balance System. Patients in the exergame group will play balance games on the Nintendo Wii game console. All participants will participate in 18 exercise sessions (3 days a week for 6 weeks). After the treatment, the initial measurements will be repeated. The study started in January 2023. It is expected to be completed in June 2024. This study will be the first randomized controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 different video-based game exercise therapy applications in pes planus rehabilitation. Through this study, the use of video-based game exercise therapy in pes planus rehabilitation, together with the developing technology, will be a guide. In addition, a new exercise protocol, including serious game exercises, will be added to the literature. In the future, it is expected that our study on the development of different game systems, especially for the ankle, will provide pioneering feedback. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05679219; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05679219. DERR1-10.2196/51772.

Analyzing Compositional Style in the Music of The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time

The soundtrack of The Legend of Zelda: “Ocarina of Time” is rife with fascinating and innovative musical techniques which facilitate player engagement and interactivity. The composer Koji Kondo’s unique style, which often includes the use of modes, chromatic harmony, parallel motion, and proximal voice leading techniques, differentiates this game from others of the same era and efficiently communicates important narrative information like emotion, setting, and trope. Using these musical topics makes Kondo’s works distinct and recognizable. These musical elements also contribute to the game’s overall goal of immersion. By analyzing the characteristics of Kondo’s work, similarly effective stylistic topics can be implemented in new, original compositions to accomplish the same feats as Kondo’s famed soundtracks. The purpose of the project is to develop my personal compositional style which is audibly identifiable while also functioning as nuanced video game music. Some of these nuances of game music include the added challenges of player engagement and the necessity of continuous music; the duration of the music is not predetermined like a live performance or film score. Achieving this goal involves the analysis and recreation of Kondo’s original works, including simulating the limitations of the 1990s era game console hardware. Also, to modernize the findings of this project, similar analysis and experimentation is applied to works of other game composers, exploring the growth and changes in compositional techniques in games throughout the past several decades. The culmination of this research is my own body of original compositions which aim to achieve the goals outlined above. These works include both acoustic and digital pieces of music, and a live interactive suite for medium ensemble.

Advanced Predictive Tile Selection Using Dynamic Tiling for Prioritized 360° Video VR Streaming

The widespread availability of smart computing and display devices such as mobile phones, gaming consoles, laptops, and tethered/untethered head-mounted displays has fueled an increase in demand for omnidirectional (360°) videos. 360° video applications enable users to change their viewing angles while interacting with the video during playback. This allows users to have a more personalized and interactive viewing experience. Unfortunately, these applications require substantial network and computational resources that the conventional infrastructure and end devices cannot support. Recently proposed viewport adaptive fixed tiling solutions stream only relevant video tiles based on user interaction with the virtual reality (VR) space to use existing transmission resources more efficiently. However, achieving real-time accurate viewport extraction and transmission in response to both head movements and bandwidth dynamics can be challenging, which can impact the user’s Quality of Experience (QoE). This article proposes innovative dynamic tiling-based adaptive 360° video streaming solutions in order to achieve high viewer QoE. First, novel and easy-to-scale tiling layout selection methods are introduced, and the best tiling layouts are employed in each adaptation interval based on the prediction-assisted visual quality metric and the observed viewport divergence. Second, a novel proactive tile selection approach is presented, which adaptively extracts tiles for each selected tiling layout based on two low-complex viewport prediction mechanisms. Finally, a practical dynamic tile priority-oriented bitrate adaptation scheme is introduced, which uniformly distributes the bitrate budget among different tiles during 360° video streaming. Extensive trace-driven experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed solutions using head motion traces from 48 VR users for five 360° videos with tiling layouts of 4 × 3, 6 × 4, and 8 × 6 and segment durations of 1s, 1.5s, and 2s. The experimental evaluations show that the dynamic video tiling solutions achieve up to 11.2% more viewport matches and an average improvement in QoE of 9.7% to 18% compared to state-of-the-art 360° streaming approaches.

Digital distinction: class as mediated dispositions in China’s Animal Crossing fever

This paper, based on an ethnography of the new gaming culture of Animal Crossing New Horizons in China, contributes to the scholarly investigation of digital class formation. New Horizons is a Japanese console game that became popular among Chinese urban professionals during the pandemic. Following Bourdieu’s framework, we analyze the dispositions and practices of New Horizons players, using the concept of “digital distinction” to define how gamers acquire and display cultural tastes and symbolic practices through competitive and relational engagements mediated by digital devices. The paper argues that contemporary classes are ephemeral dispositions mediated by digital fields materialized through media practices. This argument challenges the “capital-centric” approach to digital divides to better reflect the dialectical value production and transferences in the process of digital class formation. Digital capitalism produces an increasing diversity of digital fields that activate people’s particular dispositions through media algorithms, content design, institutional constraints, and relational spaces.

Mengetahui Tingkat Kekuatan Karakter Klee pada Game Genshin Impact Menggunakan Metode Klasifikasi dengan Algoritma Naïve Bayes

Video games are a form of interactive entertainment played via electronic devices such as computers, game consoles, smartphones, or tablets. Video games usually involve players in a virtual experience where they control characters or objects in the world created in the game. For example, genshin impact is played by many people because it has characteristics and uniqueness in the game, such as the combination of elements in each character, an interesting storyline, and much more. This study aims to assess a character based on the attributes possessed by the character whether it is strong or weak by using the naïve Bayes method. Through the classification carried out, the object to be chosen is a character named Klee to assess whether the character is strong or weak.

Forensic investigation of small-scale digital devices: a futuristic view

Small-scale digital devices like smartphones, smart toys, drones, gaming consoles, tablets, and other personal data assistants have now become ingrained constituents in our daily lives. These devices store massive amounts of data related to individual traits of users, their routine operations, medical histories, and financial information. At the same time, with continuously evolving technology, the diversity in operating systems, client storage localities, remote/cloud storages and backups, and encryption practices renders the forensic analysis task multi-faceted. This makes forensic investigators having to deal with an array of novel challenges. This study reviews the forensic frameworks and procedures used in investigating small-scale digital devices. While highlighting the challenges faced by digital forensics, we explore how cutting-edge technologies like Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Science may play a role in remedying concerns. The review aims to accumulate state-of-the-art and identify a futuristic approach for investigating SSDDs.

Why Do Iranian Preschool-Aged Children Spend too Much Time in Front of Screens? A Preliminary Qualitative Study.

There is evidence that Iranian preschool children are increasingly spending their time in front of screens (screen time: ST; time spent with any screen such as TVs, computers, tablets, smartphones, game consoles, or video games), but few studies have explored the possible causes of such an increase. Given this, the present study aimed to qualitatively explore determinants of excessive ST in Iranian children. To this end, parents of preschool children were interviewed, and their answers were qualitatively clustered to identify additional important factors. Key informant interviews were conducted with parents of preschool children in Tehran (Iran). A semi-structured interview was developed to assess child and family life, daily routine, family rules, family interactions, and home climate as possible contributing factors to ST. Parents' audiotaped statements were transcripted verbatim, coded, and clustered into main themes using thematic analysis with the MaxQda® software. A total of 20 parents of children aged 2 to 7 were interviewed, and a total of 6 key themes and 28 subthemes were extracted from their interviews. The results of the analysis identified a broad range of both independent and interrelated factors leading to the development and maintenance of ST behaviors among preschool children. Our findings indicate that the central concept is the family. Considering screen-related behaviors, family life encompasses parental health literacy (e.g., parenting pattern, monitoring standards, thoughtful parenting), family psychological atmosphere (e.g., presence of parents, family norms, parent-parent and parent-child interaction, congruency/incongruency of parents with each other) and the digital structure of the home. The child's and parents' actions and characteristics can influence family interactions. A child's and parent's behavior is also influenced by social/cultural factors. Parents' behaviors and attitudes, family communications, and interactions contribute to healthy ST habits in children. It is not possible to examine the child's behavior without considering the family and the dominant environment, since the behavior of family members as a whole affects each family member. Given this, interventions should make parents aware of their role and responsibilities in reducing children's ST and consider the family system as a whole, and interventions also can benefit from considering the parental perceptions of children's behaviors.

Factors Affecting Players to Buy Virtual Items in Online Games

The fast growth of technology and the internet have ushered in a new era for humanity. One of the advantages of the internet is its entertainment value. Online games are a well-known form of online content. In typical PC or console games, only one or two people play the game on a personal computer. In online games, several players from all over the world to play on game servers over the internet. Playing online games gives gamers a sensation of enjoyment, flow, and satisfaction with the game. These variables will influence the purchase intention of players. This study aimed to explore the influence of flow experience, satisfaction, and enjoyment on purchase intention through the mediation of continuous usage intention. This study is quantitative in nature. The sample for this study consisted of 485 digital gaming participants. The purposive sampling was implemented by distributing online questionnaires that were subsequently analysed with Smart PLS. The findings of this study indicate that the sense of flow, satisfaction, and enjoyment can influence the continuous usage intention. Consequently, flow experience, continuous usage intention, and satisfaction can influence purchase intention. Additionally, enjoyment does not affect purchase intention. Then, flow experience can influence purchase intention directly or through continuous usage intention.

Factors Affecting Players to Buy Virtual Items in Online Games

The fast growth of technology and the internet have ushered in a new era for humanity. One of the advantages of the internet is its entertainment value. Online games are a well-known form of online content. In typical PC or console games, only one or two people play the game on a personal computer. In online games, several players from all over the world to play on game servers over the internet. Playing online games gives gamers a sensation of enjoyment, flow, and satisfaction with the game. These variables will influence the purchase intention of players. This study aimed to explore the influence of flow experience, satisfaction, and enjoyment on purchase intention through the mediation of continuous usage intention. This study is quantitative in nature. The sample for this study consisted of 485 digital gaming participants. The purposive sampling was implemented by distributing online questionnaires that were subsequently analysed with Smart PLS. The findings of this study indicate that the sense of flow, satisfaction, and enjoyment can influence the continuous usage intention. Consequently, flow experience, continuous usage intention, and satisfaction can influence purchase intention. Additionally, enjoyment does not affect purchase intention. Then, flow experience can influence purchase intention directly or through continuous usage intention.

Prospective Association Between Video and Computer Game Use During Adolescence and Incidence of Metabolic Health Risks: Secondary Data Analysis.

Video and computer games are popular activities, with 72% of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years reporting video game use on either a computer, game console, or portable device. Despite high levels of video and computer game use in adolescence, relatively little scientific literature exists examining the association and effects of video and computer games on adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of video and computer game use among US adolescents and rates of positive screens for obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure (BP), and high cholesterol. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) data, including adolescents aged 12 to 19 years between 1994 and 2018. Respondents (n=4190) who played the most video and computer games had a significantly (P=.02) higher BMI and were more likely to self-report having at least one of the evaluated metabolic disorders: obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2), diabetes, high BP (BP >140/90), and high cholesterol (>240). With increased video or computer game use, there was a statistically significant increase in high BP rates in each quartile, with those with more frequent use also having higher rates of high BP. A similar trend was observed for diabetes, though the association did not reach statistical significance. No significant association was observed between video or computer game use and diagnoses of dyslipidemia, eating disorders, or depression. Frequency of video and computer game use is associated with obesity, diabetes, high BP, and high cholesterol in adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Adolescents who play the most video and computer games have a significantly higher BMI. They are more likely to have at least one of the evaluated metabolic disorders: diabetes, high BP, or high cholesterol. Public health interventions designed to target modifiable disease states through health promotion and self-management may support the health of adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Video and computer games can integrate health promotion interventions in gameplay. This is an important area for future research as video and computer games are integrated into the lives of adolescents.

2D nanochannels boosting ionic conductivity of zinc-ion “water-in-salt” electrolyte for wearable micro-supercapacitor

Energy storage units on a microscale are critical for the miniaturization of portable and highly integrated electronic devices. Rechargeable micro-supercapacitors with high power density and long cycle life are promising candidates for this purpose. In this study, a wearable nanoconfined “water-in-salt” electrolyte-based micro-supercapacitor (NWMS) is designed by confining ZnCl2-based “water-in-salt” into the nanoslits of graphene oxide membrane, which provides a wide electrochemical stability window, high ionic conductivity, and high safety. The NWMS possesses a high reversible capacitance of 75 mF/cm2, superior cycling stability with 100% capacitance retention and 97% coulombic efficiency within 10,000 cycles. Moreover, the NWMS can be easily scaled up by connecting multiple devices in parallel or series, and it is capable of powering microelectronic devices such as a timer, LED lights, and a game console. This high-performance NWMS holds great promise as an energy storage unit for next-generation wearable electronics.